Almost linearity of -bi-Lipschitz maps between real Banach spaces

Let and be real Banach spaces. A map between and is called an -bi-Lipschitz map if for all . In this note we show that if is an -bi-Lipschitz map with from onto , then is almost linear. We also show that if is a surjective -bi-Lipschitz map with , then there exists a linear isomorphism such that

where as and .

     

A rigidity theorem for the Clifford tori in

Let be the unit hypersphere in the 4-dimensional Euclidean space defined by . For each with , we denote by the Clifford torus in given by the equations and . The Clifford torus is a flat Riemannian manifold equipped with the metric induced by the inclusion map . In this note we prove the following rigidity theorem: If is an isometric embedding, then there exists an isometry of such that . We also show no flat torus with the intrinsic diameter is embeddable in except for a Clifford torus.

     

Properties that characterize Gaussian periods and cyclotomic numbers

Let be a prime number, a -th primitive root of 1 and the periods of degree of . Write with . Several characterizations of the numbers and (or, equivalently, of the cyclotomic numbers of order ) are given in terms of systems of equations they satisfy and a condition on the linear independence, over , of the or on the irreducibility, over , of the characteristic polynomial of the matrix .

     

On a question ofMakar-Limanov

Let be an uncountable field, let be a field extension, and let be an associative -algebra. We show that if contains a non-commutative free algebra, then so does .

     

On a polynomial inequality of Kolmogoroff's type

We prove an inequality of the form

for polynomials of degree and any fixed . Here is the -norm on with a weight . The coefficients and are given explicitly and depend on and only. The equality is attained for the Hermite orthogonal polynomials .

     

Weighted inequalities for the maximal geometric mean operator

For nonnegative Borel measures on and for the maximal geometric mean operator , we characterize the weight pairs for which is of weak type and of strong type , . No doubling conditions are needed. We also note that a previously published different characterization for the strong type inequality for has an incorrect proof.

     

Any behaviour of the Mitchell ordering of normal measures is possible

Let be two normal measures on . We say that is in the Mitchell ordering less than if The relation is well-known to be transitive and well-founded. It has been an open problem to find a model where embeds the four-element poset . We find a generic extension where all well-founded posets are embeddable. Hence there is no structural restriction on the Mitchell ordering. Moreover we show that it is possible to have two -incomparable measures that extend in a generic extension into two -comparable measures.

     

Tate cohomology lowers chromatic Bousfield classes

Let be a finite group. We use recent results of J. P. C. Greenlees and H. Sadofsky to show that the Tate homology of local spectra with respect to produces local spectra. We also show that the Bousfield class of the Tate homology of (for finite) is the same as that of . To be precise, recall that Tate homology is a functor from -spectra to -spectra. To produce a functor from spectra to spectra, we look at a spectrum as a naive -spectrum on which acts trivially, apply Tate homology, and take -fixed points. This composite is the functor we shall actually study, and we'll prove that when is finite. When , the symmetric group on letters, this is related to a conjecture of Hopkins and Mahowald (usually framed in terms of Mahowald's functor ).

     

Approximation from locally finite-dimensional shift-invariant spaces

After exploring some topological properties of locally finite-dimensional shift-invariant subspaces of , we show that if provides approximation order , then it provides the corresponding simultaneous approximation order. In the case is generated by a compactly supported function in , it is proved that provides approximation order in the -norm with if and only if the generator is a derivative of a compactly supported function that satisfies the Strang-Fix conditions.

     

Best possibility of the Furuta inequality

Let , and . Furuta (1987) proved that if bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space satisfy , then . In this paper, we prove that the range and is best possible with respect to the Furuta inequality, that is, if or , then there exist which satisfy but .

     

Paracompact subspaces in the box product topology

In 1975 E. K. van Douwen showed that if is a family of Hausdorff spaces such that all finite subproducts are paracompact, then for each element of the box product the -product is paracompact. He asked whether this result remains true if one considers uncountable families of spaces. In this paper we prove in particular the following result: Let be an infinite cardinal number, and let be a family of compact Hausdorff spaces. Let be a fixed point. Given a family of open subsets of which covers , there exists an open locally finite in refinement of which covers .

We also prove a slightly weaker version of this theorem for Hausdorff spaces with ``all finite subproducts are paracompact" property. As a corollary we get an affirmative answer to van Douwen's question.

     

A Cartan theorem for Banach algebras

Let be a semisimple Banach algebra, and let be its spectral unit ball. We show that every holomorphic map satisfying and fixes those elements of which belong to the centre of , but not necessarily any others. Using this, we deduce that the automorphisms of all leave the centre invariant. As a further application, we give a new proof of Nagasawa's generalization of the Banach-Stone theorem.

     

Limits of differentiable functions

Suppose that is a sequence of differentiable functions defined on [0,1] which converges uniformly to some differentiable function , and converges pointwise to some function . Let . In this paper we characterize such sets under various hypotheses. It follows from one of our characterizations that can be the entire interval [0,1].

     

Class numbers and Iwasawa invariants of quadratic fields

Let and be quadratic fields with 2 (mod 3) a positive integer. Let be the respective Iwasawa -invariants of the cyclotomic -extension of these fields. We show that if , then 3 does not divide the class number of and .

     

On purely inseparable extensions and their generators

Let be a field of characteristic and a polynomial algebra in two variables. By a -generator of we mean an element of for which there exist and such that . We also define a -line of to mean any element of whose coordinate ring is that of a -generator. Then we prove that if is such that is a -line of (where is an indeterminate over ), then is a -generator of . This is analogous to the well-known fact that if is such that is a line of , then is a variable of . We also prove that if is a -line of for which there exist and such that , then is in fact a -generator of .

     

Cohomological detection and regular elements in group cohomology

Suppose that is a compact Lie group or a discrete group of finite virtual cohomological dimension and that is a field of characteristic . Suppose that is a set of elementary abelian -subgroups such that the cohomology is detected on the centralizers of the elements of . Assume also that is closed under conjugation and that is in whenever some subgroup of is in . Then there exists a regular element in the cohomology ring such that the restriction of to an elementary abelian -subgroup is not nilpotent if and only if is in . The converse of the result is a theorem of Lannes, Schwartz and the second author. The results have several implications for the depth and associated primes of the cohomology rings.

     

Non-isomorphism of -spaces associated with finite and infinite von Neumann algebras

If is a finite von Neumann algebra and if is an infinite (semifinite) von Neumann algebra, then and are non-isomorphic for all .

     

On a pattern of reflexive operator spaces

A linear subspace is a separating subspace for an operator space if the only member of annihilating is 0. It is proved in this paper that if has a strictly separating vector and a separating subspace satisfying , then is reflexive. Applying this to finite dimensional leads to more results on reflexivity. For example, if dim , and every nonzero operator in has rank , then is reflexive.

     

The second iterate of a map with dense orbit

Suppose that is a Hausdorff topological space having no isolated points and that is continuous. We show that if the orbit of a point under is dense in while the orbit of under is not, then the space decomposes into three sets relative to which the dynamics of are easy to describe. This decomposition has the following consequence: suppose that has dense orbit under and that the closure of the set of points of having odd period under has nonempty interior; then has dense orbit under .

     

Rational nodal curves with no smooth Weierstrass points

Let denote the rational curve with nodes obtained from the Riemann sphere by identifying 0 with and with for , where is a primitive th root of unity. We show that if is even, then has no smooth Weierstrass points, while if is odd, then has smooth Weierstrass points.