基于帧的多描述视频编码及其错误隐藏

为了解决视频流在不可靠网络上的错误传播问题,使用基于帧的多描述视频编码,提出采用预测的预处理和后处理过程方案,实现了描述间的冗余插入;实现了几种不同复杂度,不同性能的错误掩盖算法以适应多样化的网络传输环境.仿真实验结果表明,这种编码系统能有效控制视频流的错误传播,并且编码后的数据流更能适应各种网络传输状况.     

基于感兴趣区域的低复杂度多描述编码方法

针对在不可靠网络中传输包含感兴趣区域图像的问题,提出了一种低复杂度、高效、鲁棒的编码方法.该编码方法建立在多路径网络传输结构的基础上,采用多描述编码思想,把图像信息分成几个描述;为了保护感兴趣区域,在每个描述中对这部分区域增加冗余度,并分别通过不同的路径传输.该编码方法实现了信号传输鲁棒性和编码效率的调节控制,并与各种高性能的图像或视频压缩技术相兼容.实验表明,该方法在提高图像在网络上传输鲁棒性的同时,也能有效地保护感兴趣区域,重建图像的感兴趣区域及背景区域的信噪比指标都有了明显的提高.     

基于多描述编码的视频组播网络带宽优化分配算法

为了最大限度的满足各种类型视频应用的带宽要求,提高不同类型视频用户的满意度,解决不同类型应用的视频流对网络带宽的需求差异很大的问题,该文提出了一个基于多描述编码的带宽分配模拟退火算法;实验表明,该算法比其他带宽分配算法更能充分利用带宽资源且能有效提高网络视频用户的整体满意度。     

基于MPEG-4的视频流式传输系统及动态带宽分配方法

提出了一个基于MPEG 4精细可分级编码技术的视频流式传输系统。介绍了系统中主要模块的作用,并重点研究了速率控制模块。速率控制模块采用了适合视频流式传输的动态带宽分配方法。它可以根据实时的网络通道波动状况来动态调整滑动参数,以适应网络波动和高效地利用网络的有限资源。实验结果表明,动态带宽分配方法在动态带宽波动条件下不仅可以使相邻帧间的视频质量更加平滑,而且可以大大提高解码视频图像的总体质量,也就是说可同时改善解码视频的主客观性能。     

基于缓冲占用比无人机视频自适应传输算法

针对目前基于发送速率的自适应视频传输算法不能有效利用和适应网络传输,提出了利用数据缓冲占用比的无人机载视频自适应无线传输方法;通过计算发送缓存内的数据占空比的变化判断网络发送能力,进而调节下次采集的视频帧率,或在调节下次采集视频帧率之前调整压缩编码率,由此自适应的设置最大化传输速率;相对于传统基于线性增加发送速率的方法,文章算法根据数据占空比自动调节发送速率和编码率,使平均发送速率提高了0.25 Mbit/s,带宽利用率提高了8%,实现了在不同网络状况下发送速率和编码率的自适应最大化,通过有效利用网络传输,提高视频数据传输的实时性、可靠性和完整性。     

长距离和多模接入网络中低密度奇偶校验-正交频分复用的性能研究

研究了低密度奇偶校验编码与正交频分复用相结合的编码调制技术,从理论上分析了光纤链路中色散和频率选择性衰落的影响,并通过数值模拟仿真,比较了不同编码码率的编码调制信号在长距离单模光纤传输和多模光纤接入网络中的传输性能.仿真结果表明,采用码率为0.75的长码型非规则的低密度奇偶校验编码与正交频分复用相结合的编码调制技术更适合光纤通信系统中的长距离传输和多模接入网络.     

一种新的空间域图像错误掩盖方法

提出了空间域图像错误掩盖方法.在信道丢包率较高时,采用场编码交织技术将图像按像素行分为两个场,并分别独立编码和传输.当某个场中的图像数据在网络传输过程中丢失时,用相邻场的像素值通过插值的方法恢复丢失数据.实验结果表明,掩盖效果明显优于现有的空间域错误掩盖方法,即使在图像数据丢失一半的情况下,恢复图像主观上仍可接受,测试图像的PSNR增益可达2.77~7.24 dB.     

基于弱相干光源测量设备无关量子密钥分发系统的误码率分析

测量设备无关量子密钥分发系统可以免疫任何针对探测器边信道的攻击, 并进一步结合诱惑态方法规避了准单光子源引入的实际安全性问题. 目前实验中一般采用弱相干光源, 但是该光源含有一定比例的空脉冲和多光子脉冲. 本文针对弱相干光源的具体特性, 采用量子力学的描述, 将各个器件进行量子化处理, 并同时考虑探测器的具体性能参数的影响, 分别给出了通信双方各自发送的脉冲含有特定光子数时产生的成功贝尔态和错误贝尔态的概率公式, 从理论上对相位编码和偏振编码测量设备无关量子密钥分发系统的误码率进行了定量分析, 分别推导并模拟了通信双方采用的平均光子数对称和不对称时误码率随传输距离的变化情况, 结果表明在偏振编码Z基中, 多光子脉冲不会引起误码; 在偏振编码X基和相位编码中, 受多光子影响, 产生的误码率较大. 对于不同的编码方式, 误码率均随传输距离的增加有不同程度的升高, 长距离传输时, 平均光子数越小, 产生的误码率越大; 在偏振编码X基和相位编码的短距离传输中, 相对于对称, 通信双方采用的平均光子数不对称时产生的误码率较大.     

具有非均匀传输和抗攻击差异的网络病毒传播模型

针对实际网络中节点存在抗攻击差异以及边的非均匀传输等情况,基于平均场理论,提出具有抗攻击差异和非均匀传输特性的网络病毒传播平均场SIR模型.该模型中,通过引入脆弱性函数和传输函数,分别描述节点的抗攻击差异以及边的非均匀传输能力.通过对所提模型的分析,得到传播阈值的理论结果.理论分析和仿真表明,节点的抗攻击差异以及边的非均匀传输,都可导致出现正的传播阈值,使得病毒传播风险有效降低.     

一种基于分层的量子分组传输方案及性能分析

大规模量子通信网络中,采用量子分组传输技术能有效提升发送节点的吞吐量,提高网络中链路的利用率,增强通信的抗干扰性能.然而量子分组的快速传输与路由器性能息息相关.路由器性能瓶颈将严重影响网络的可扩展性和链路的传输效率.本文提出一种量子通信网络分层结构,并根据量子密集编码和量子隐形传态理论,给出一种基于分层的量子分组信息传输方案,实现端到端的量子信息传输.该方案先将量子分组按照目的地址进行聚类,再按聚类后的地址进行传输.仿真结果表明,基于分层的量子分组信息传输方案能够有效减少量子分组信息在量子通信网络中的传输时间,并且所减少的时间与量子路由器性能与发送的量子分组数量有关.因此,本文提出的量子分组信息传输方案适用于大规模量子通信网络的构建.     

基于多帧参考的整帧丢失错误掩盖算法

为了解决视频传输中整帧图像丢失的误差扩散问题,提出了一种基于多参考帧运动矢量外推的整帧丢失错误掩盖算法.通过对多个参考帧的运动矢量外推得到丢失块的候选运动矢量集|采用多参考帧边界匹配准则进行丢失帧和其后续帧的误差估计,并选择丢失块的最优运动矢量|最后采用自适应的重叠块运动补偿方法重建丢失帧.实验结果表明,该算法在恢复整帧图像的同时,有效地降低了视频序列中整帧图像丢失的误差扩散影响,与已有算法比较,该算法恢复的视频序列平均峰值信噪比提高了0.5~1 dB,具有更好的错误掩盖效果.     

锥形透镜光纤聚焦特性研究

锥形透镜光纤(TLF)是实现光纤与平面光波光路(PLC)芯片高效耦合的核心元件。了解和掌握其聚焦特性是指导平面光波光路尾纤封装技术的关键。给出了表征锥形透镜光纤聚焦特性的两个参量出射光斑直径和远场发散角的理论分析模型,其误差小于1.14%;采用光束传播法数值模拟了锥形透镜光纤中的光波传输和模斑的演化,确定了锥形透镜光纤端面出射光斑的大小;优化锥形透镜光纤结构参量为:拉锥长度300μm,锥角0.733°,透镜曲率半径13.485μm;建立了基于数字摄像机的锥形透镜光纤出射光场测试系统,提出了物理光学反向推演法,计算出锥形透镜光纤聚焦光斑尺寸和远场发散角。理论与实验结果有着良好的一致:对于相同结构参量的锥形透镜光纤,实验反推法得到的出射光斑尺寸与理论值相比误差为3.15%,远场发散角误差为3.67%。     

基于径向基函数神经网络的传感布里渊散射谱特征提取

基于布里渊效应的分布式光纤传感器以其可在沿光纤中同时获得被测量场时间和空间上的连续分布信息,成为当前国际的研究热点。根据光纤中布里渊散射谱的传输特点和高精度特征提取的要求,提出了利用莱文伯-马夸特(L-M)算法调节权值的径向基函数神经网络(RBFN)对布里渊散射谱进行特征提取。通过与反向传播(BP)神经网络、五次多项式曲线拟合法和三次样条插值法进行预测比较,在中心频率为11.213GHz,权重比为4∶1的仿真散射谱模型中,本方法相对误差最小,仅0.0015179%,温度相对误差仅为0.152℃,且拟合度较好。在不同脉宽和不同温度下的同一检测系统中,前者的综合评价指标优于其他三种拟合方法。数值分析和实验研究均表明径向基函数神经网络适用于对布里渊散射谱进行拟合,有效提高了预测精度。     

Evaluation of a wave-vector-frequency-domain method for nonlinear wave propagation

A wave-vector-frequency-domain method is presented to describe one-directional forward or backward acoustic wave propagation in a nonlinear homogeneous medium. Starting from a frequency-domain representation of the second-order nonlinear acoustic wave equation, an implicit solution for the nonlinear term is proposed by employing the Green's function. Its approximation, which is more suitable for numerical implementation, is used. An error study is carried out to test the efficiency of the model by comparing the results with the Fubini solution. It is shown that the error grows as the propagation distance and step-size increase. However, for the specific case tested, even at a step size as large as one wavelength, sufficient accuracy for plane-wave propagation is observed. A two-dimensional steered transducer problem is explored to verify the nonlinear acoustic field directional independence of the model. A three-dimensional single-element transducer problem is solved to verify the forward model by comparing it with an existing nonlinear wave propagation code. Finally, backward-projection behavior is examined. The sound field over a plane in an absorptive medium is backward projected to the source and compared with the initial field, where good agreement is observed.     

Fastest learning in small-world neural networks

We investigate supervised learning in neural networks. We consider a multi-layered feed-forward network with back propagation. We find that the network of small-world connectivity reduces the learning error and learning time when compared to the networks of regular or random connectivity. Our study has potential applications in the domain of data-mining, image processing, speech recognition, and pattern recognition.     

Channel model and analysis for wireless underground sensor networks in soil medium

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) constitute one of the promising application areas of the recently developed wireless sensor networking techniques. The main difference between WUSNs and the terrestrial wireless sensor networks is the communication medium. The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves in soil and the significant differences between propagation in air prevent a straightforward characterization of the underground wireless channel. To this end, in this paper, advanced channel models are derived to characterize the underground wireless channel and the foundational issues for efficient communication through soil are discussed. In particular, the underground communication channel is modeled considering not only the propagation of EM waves in soil, but also other effects such as multipath, soil composition, soil moisture, and burial depth. The propagation characteristics are investigated through simulation results of path loss between two underground sensors. Moreover, based on the proposed channel model, the resulting bit error rate is analyzed for different network and soil parameters. Furthermore, the effects of variations in soil moisture are investigated through field measurement results. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results prove the feasibility of wireless communication in underground environment and highlight several important aspects in this field. This work will lead to the provision of a generic framework for underground wireless communication and the realization of WUSNs.     

In-plane free vibration analysis of combined ring-beam structural systems by wave propagation

This paper presents a systematic, wave propagation approach for the free vibration analysis of networks consisting of slender, straight and curved beam elements and complete rings. The analysis is based on a ray tracing method and a procedure to predict the natural frequencies and mode shapes of complex ring/beam networks is demonstrated. In the wave approach, the elements are coupled using reflection and transmission coefficients, and these are derived for discontinuities encountered in a MEMS rate sensor consisting of a ring supported on an array of folded beams. These are combined, taking into account wave propagation and decay, to provide a concise and efficient method for studying the free vibration problem. A simplification of the analysis that exploits cyclic symmetry in the structure is also presented. The effects of decaying near-field wave components are included in the formulation, ensuring that the solutions are exact. To illustrate the effectiveness of the approach, several numerical examples are presented. The predictions made using the proposed approach are shown to be in excellent agreement with a conventional FE analysis.     

A full-wave three-dimensional analysis of open dielectric waveguides and periodic structures using an equivalent network model

An accurate fully vectorial wave analysis to calculate the propagation characteristics and field distribution of open dielectric waveguides and optical integrated circuits is presented. Based on the periodic repetition concept and using an equivalent network model, a method to analyze wave propagation in these guides is developed, which is able to take the simultaneous presence of mixed polarizations into account. Compared with conventional approaches like mode matching as well as with other numerical methods, the presented three-dimensional (3D) method shows individual advantages like accuracy, simplicity, and numerical efficiency. To show both validity and usefulness of this approach, some fundamental structures are investigated and the obtained numerical results are presented.     

Dynamic Analysis and Optimal Control of Rumor Spreading Model with Recurrence and Individual Behaviors in Heterogeneous Networks

This paper is devoted to investigating the impact of the recurrence of rumors and individual behaviors and control strategies related to rumor spreading in online social networks. To do this, a novel susceptible-hesitating-infected-latent-recovered (SHILR) rumor propagation model in heterogeneous networks is presented. Firstly, based on the relevant mean-field equations of the model, the threshold value is examined to demonstrate the existence and stability of rumor-free/spreading equilibrium with the help of the algebraic method. Secondly, the global stabilities of the equilibria are analyzed through applying Lyapunov stability theory and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Next, the optimal control is proposed by taking advantage of Pontryagin’s maximum principle for reducing the number of infected individuals with minimum cost. Moreover, some numerical examples are carried out to test the theoretical results. Finally, combined with practice, a model application is presented.