含尿嘧啶结构单元二肽衍生物的设计、合成及生物活性研究

为探索新型抗糖尿病分子,设计了含有尿嘧啶结构单元的二肽衍生物.以尿嘧啶、多聚甲醛和半胱氨酸为原料,经过两步反应获得关键中间体S-胸腺嘧啶-L-半胱氨酸(IM-2),再经氨基保护、羧基酯化和氨基酸偶联,顺利合成了16个二肽衍生物.所得目标化合物均经1HNMR、13CNMR和HRMS进行结构确认,并开展了过氧化物酶体增殖物受体反应元件(PPRE)激动活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶-rat抑制活性、二肽基肽酶-4 (DPP-4)抑制活性筛选.生物活性结果显示,这些二肽衍生物的PPRE相对激动活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶和DPP-4抑制活性都很弱;同时发现,该类分子的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性变化趋势与PPRE激动活性、DPP-4抑制活性变化趋势相反,这为新型多肽多靶点药物的设计提供了新思路.     

酸性神经鞘磷脂酶直接抑制剂的设计、合成及生物活性

构建了基于配体的酸性神经鞘磷脂酶抑制剂药效团模型.根据此模型,以α-倒捻子素(α-Mangostin)为先导化合物进行结构优化,完成了11个新型酸性神经鞘磷脂酶直接抑制剂的设计与合成,其结构经过核磁共振波谱和质谱鉴定正确.初步体外酶抑制活性筛选结果显示,化合物Ⅰb,Ⅰd,Ⅰe和Ⅰf具有较好的酶抑制活性,其中化合物Ⅰf的酶抑制率为88.9%.     

高效液相色谱分离纯化血管紧张素转换酶活性抑制肽

采用分步高效液相色谱法首次从菠菜核酮糖双磷酸羧化酶(英文缩写为Rubisco)的胃蛋白酶-胰酶复合酶水解产物中分离纯化了血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)活性抑制肽。水解产物经ODS柱分离得到活性组分,这些活性组分再依次经过氨基柱(PhA) 氰基柱(CN)和硝基苯乙基柱(NPE)4种色谱柱分离后,得到4种高度纯化的具有抑制ACE活性的多肽。经蛋白质序列自动分析仪测定,4种多肽的结构分别为MRWRD,MRW,IAYKPAG和LRIPVA。采用固相多肽合成法分别合成了这4种肽,并采用测定ACE活性抑制率的方法评价其     

基于α螺旋肽与多酚缀合的HIV-1融合抑制剂的设计、合成及活性初筛

将α螺旋多肽与羟基酪醇等多酚类化合物通过共价键缀合,期望二者在发挥各自生物学作用的同时产生协同效应,据此设计了HIV-1融合抑制多肽.圆二色光谱表征结果表明,所设计的缀合多肽呈典型的α螺旋结构特征,且可以与靶标N36相互作用.HIV-1包膜糖蛋白(Env)介导的细胞-细胞融合活性测试结果表明,这些具有α螺旋结构的缀合多肽可以在低微摩尔水平抑制病毒融合.     

银杏叶中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超滤质谱筛选

采用体外酶抑制活性检测方法结合超滤质谱(UF-LC/MS)筛选方法对中药提取物中的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选.以4-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物,阿卡波糖为阳性对照药,对5种富含黄酮类化合物的中药提取物进行了α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的初步测定.结果表明,银杏叶具有最强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可作为进一步复筛的对象.利用超滤质谱技术对银杏叶中潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选,从中筛选出4种潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,并利用液相色谱-串联质谱技术(LC-MSn)对其结构进行了鉴定.本文结果为开发新一代安全有效的降糖药物奠定了基础.     

虎杖和大黄中α-葡葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超滤质谱研究

通过体外酶活性实验结合离心超滤LC-ESI-MSn技术从富含蒽醌类成分的中药虎杖和大黄提取物中筛选α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。首先,以4-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物,对虎杖和大黄提取物的体外酶抑制活性进行了初步评价,结果表明,虎杖和大黄提取物对α-葡葡萄糖苷酶的半抑制浓度分别为0.027和0.050 g/L。其次,利用离心超滤技术对虎杖和大黄提取物种的潜在的α-葡葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选,并通过LC-ESI-MSn对筛选得到的潜在抑制剂结构进行了鉴定,结果显示,虎杖和大黄中各鉴定得到12和7种,共计16种活性小分子成分。其中大黄素等7种化合物属于蒽醌类;虎杖苷等5种化合物属于多元酚类;莲花掌甘等4种化合物都具有没食子酰基取代基。结果表明,蒽醌类化合物具有较好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可以为开发新的安全有效的富含蒽醌类成分的中药降糖药物奠定基础。     

葛根中抑制磷酸二酯酶4活性成分的筛选研究

实验选取与抗炎免疫密切相关的磷酸二酯酶4为靶点,应用超滤液质联用技术和酶体外活性抑制实验筛选并鉴定了葛根中抑制磷酸二酯酶4活性成分.实验结果表明葛根提取物具有抑制磷酸二酯酶4的作用,IC50值为0.04g/L.葛根素抑制磷酸二酯酶4作用最强,其次为大豆苷和大豆苷元,IC50值分别为52.79,71.54和122.17μmol/L.超滤液质联用实验筛选结果与体外活性实验一致.3′-羟基葛根素和3′-甲氧基葛根素在2个实验中均没有抑制磷酸二酯酶4的作用.     

中药黄芩中神经氨酸酶抑制剂的超滤质谱筛选研究

采用超滤质谱分析技术, 结合体外酶活性实验方法, 从传统中药黄芩提取物中筛选神经氨酸酶抑制剂. 研究结果表明, 中药黄芩提取物具有较强的神经氨酸酶抑制活性, 利用超滤质谱方法从中筛选并鉴定出了六种具有潜在神经氨酸酶抑制活性的化合物, 为开发神经氨酸酶抑制剂提供了实验依据.     

磁性纳米粒子固定α-葡萄糖苷酶的制备与应用

文章以α-葡萄糖苷酶为目标酶,先制备Fe₃O₄@PDA@Au磁性纳米粒子,通过Fe₃O₄@PDA@Au磁性纳米粒子与α-葡萄糖苷酶间的作用力固定酶分子,建立了磁性酶反应器—高效液相色谱技术在线筛选中草药酶抑制剂的方法。对Fe₃O₄@PDA@Au磁性纳米粒子上固定化酶的活性、酶促反应的pH值、反应时间和温度等影响因素进行考察,测定了α-葡萄糖苷酶的米氏常数Km,并对固化酶的结构进行表征。最后,对固化酶在8味中草药粗提物中酶抑制活性成分的筛选进行初步研究。     

脱氧野尻霉素类两亲化合物的合成及其超分子糖苷酶抑制活性研究

以葡萄糖为原料经多步反应合成了脱氧野尻霉素类两亲化合物FA-DNJ-C6,通过表面张力实验、动态光散射实验(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)等研究了FA-DNJ-C6的自组装行为,FA-DNJ-C6在水溶液中形成稳定的超分子自组装体.经酶抑制实验研究了FA-DNJ-C6自组装体的糖苷酶抑制活性,进而发现FA-DNJ-C6自组装体对α-糖苷酶具有好的选择性,尤其是对α-甘露糖苷酶,其抑制活性的Ki值为(0.107±0.021)μmol/L,与阳性对照(米格列醇)相比,活性提高了339倍,这主要是由于α-甘露糖苷酶具有多个识别位点的空腔,可发挥多效价协同增强的键合作用,提高糖苷酶抑制活性.     

反相液相色谱-串联质谱法鉴定油菜蜂花粉中的蛋白质及活性肽

基于鸟枪法蛋白质组学分析方法,使用反相液相色谱-串联质谱（RPLC-MS/MS）系统分析油菜蜂花粉蛋白质的胰蛋白酶酶解产物,结合数据库检索,共鉴定到353条肽段。鉴定到的肽段所归属的蛋白质中有239个蛋白质可检索到其分子生物学功能,主要功能为结合活性、酶活性、运输活性、抑制活性等。根据血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）抑制肽活性与多肽构效之间的关系,从鉴定到的肽段中筛选并适当修饰后得到5条可能具有ACE抑制活性的肽段,化学合成肽段后进行了活性验证。结果表明5条肽段均具有良好的活性,其中肽段AELDIVLALF和LAVNLIPFP表现出较高的ACE抑制活性,半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为（10.65±0.50）μmol/L和（23.66±1.08）μmol/L。该方法速度快,成本低,大大缩短了鉴定周期,达到了高通量筛选生物活性肽的目的。     

海地瓜蛋白水解物中ACE抑制肽的分离纯化及合成

采用Sephadex G-25凝胶柱层析、SP Sephadex C-25 阳离子交换层析和反相高效液相色谱等方法对海地瓜水解产物进行分离纯化, 得到了一种新的强活性ACE抑制肽, 其氨基酸序列为MEGAQEAQGD, IC₅₀值为15.9 μmol/L. 采用逐步缩合和片段缩合的方法对该抑制肽进行了设计合成. 合成肽的纯度为99.72%, 分子量与序列结构均与理论值相符. 研究发现, 抑制肽与胃蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶水解反应后, 活性增强了3.5倍. 动物实验结果表明, 剂量为3 μmol/kg的抑制肽对大鼠自发性高血压具有明显的降压效果.     

Microwave-assisted Solid-phase Synthesis,Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Short peptides based on the tripeptides, Leu-Arg-Pro and Leu-Lys-Pro, were synthesized by microwaveassisted solid-phase synthesis method, in order to make a search for potential inhibitors for angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) with minimum side effects in the treatment of hypertension. One peptide with the sequence Leu-Arg-Pro-Phe-Phe shows the strongest inhibition towards ACE with an IC50 value of 0.26 μmol/L in vitro. The study of structure-activity relationship shows that the introduction of a bulky group into the N-terminal of this series of inhibitors may enlarge steric hindrance, resulting in the poor inhibitory activity towards ACE. The inhibitory activity decreased in turn when L-Pro, D-Pro or Ac6c was at the C-terminal respectively. The binding interaction between each of these inhibitors and testicular ACE(tACE) was performed by molecular docking. The results suggest that Leu-Arg-Pro-Phe-Phe mainly occupied the S1 subsite of tACE, and made contact with tACE via seven H-bonds. It appeared that the site on the peptide that bound with tACE was influenced by the configuration of the amino acid, L- or D-form, at the C-terminal of the peptide.     

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide regulates the cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel activity by the phosphorylation of α1c proteins

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP), a new member of the natriuretic peptide family, is structurally similar to atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides. However, the effects of DNP on the cardiac function are poorly defined. In the present study, we examined the effect of DNP on the cardiac L-type Ca(2+) channels in rabbit ventricular myocytes. DNP inhibited the L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)) in a concentration dependent manner with a IC(50) of 25.5 nM, which was blocked by an inhibitor of protein kinase G (PKG), KT5823 (1 μM). DNP did not affect the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation of I(Ca,L). The α(1c) subunit of cardiac L-type Ca(2+) channel proteins was phosphorylated by the treatment of DNP (1 μM), which was completely blocked by KT5823 (1 μM). Finally, DNP also caused the shortening of action potential duration in rabbit ventricular tissue by 22.3 ± 4.2% of the control (n = 6), which was completely blocked by KT5823 (1 μM). These results clearly indicate that DNP inhibits the L-type Ca(2+) channel activity by phosphorylating the Ca(2+) channel protein via PKG activation.     

高活性燕麦蛋白源ACE抑制肽的制备、纯化及结构鉴定

利用胰蛋白酶水解燕麦蛋白制备了高血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme, ACE)抑制活性的燕麦蛋白酶解物, 分别采用离子交换色谱、凝胶过滤色谱和反相高效液相色谱等分离手段从酶解物中分离出一种新的强活性ACE抑制肽, 其IC50值为77.3 μmol/L; 通过基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间串联质谱对其进行结构鉴定, 其氨基酸序列为Glu-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg.     

Research on ACEI of Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides from Hirudo nipponia Whitman

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the primary pathway for regulating blood pressure in the body, and angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACEs) play a crucial role in it. Hirudo nipponia is an invertebrate that contains a variety of active peptides; however, there are no studies on the ACE inhibitory activity of hirudo. In the present study, our aim was to identify the active peptides in hirudo based on active peptide database analysis, unexpectedly filling the gap in hirudo ACE inhibitory activity research. Prep-HPLC was used to separate the part below 3 kD from hirudo. The peptide composition of the isolates was obtained based on Orbitrap LC-MS. The activity of each group of peptides was predicted by the database and the activity was determined by bioassay. Peptides with validation activity were screened through the database. In total, 337 peptides and 18 peptides matching the NCBI leech protein database were identified. All four fractions showed ACE inhibitory activity, and the IC50 was 0.8266, 0.2708, 0.4432, and 0.1764 mg/mL, respectively. Six screened peptides showed good affinity for ACE. This work reveals for the first time that low-molecular-weight peptides from H. nipponia have ACE inhibitory activity, which can provide a new explanation for leech treatment of hypertension.     

Multi-Bioactivity of Protein Digests and Peptides from Oat (Avena sativa L.) Kernels in the Prevention of the Cardiometabolic Syndrome

The aim of this study was to characterize the digests and peptides derived from oat kernel proteins in terms of their major enzyme inhibitory activities related to the prevention of cardiometabolic syndrome. It also entailed the characteristics of antioxidant bioactivity of the analyzed material. The study was carried out using coupled in silico and in vitro methods. The additional goal was to investigate whether identified peptides can pervade Caco-2 cells. Based on the results of bioinformatic analysis, it was found that the selected oat proteins may be a potential source of 107 peptides with DPP-IV and/or ACE inhibitory and/or antioxidant activity. The duodenal digest of oat kernels revealed multiple activities. It inhibited the activities of the following enzymes: DPP-IV (IC₅₀ = 0.51 vs. 10.82 mg/mL of the intact protein), α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 1.55 vs. 25.20 mg/mL), and ACE (IC₅₀ = 0.82 vs. 34.52 mg/mL). The DPPH^• scavenging activity was 35.7% vs. 7.93% that of the intact protein. After in silico digestion of oat proteins, 24 peptides were selected for identification using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Among them, 13 sequences were successfully identified. One of them, i.e., VW peptide, exhibited triple activities, i.e., DPP-IV and ACE inhibitory and DPPH^• scavenging activity. The multifunctional peptides: PW, TF, VF, and VW, were identified in the basolateral samples after transport experiments. Both in silico and in vitro analyses demonstrated that oat kernel proteins were the abundant sources of bioactive digests and peptides to be used in a diet for patients suffering from cardiometabolic syndrome.     

Synthesis and characterization of (Z)-5-arylmethylidene-rhodanines with photosynthesis-inhibiting properties

A series of rhodanine derivatives was prepared. The synthetic approach, analytical and spectroscopic data of all synthesized compounds are presented. Lipophilicity of all the discussed rhodanine derivatives was analyzed using the RP-HPLC method. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts and reduce chlorophyll content in freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris. Structure-activity relationships between the chemical structure, physical properties and biological activities of the evaluated compounds are discussed. For majority of the tested compounds the lipophilicity of the compound and not electronic properties of the R1 substituent were decisive for PET-inhibiting activity. The most potent PET inhibitor was (5Z)-5-(4-bromobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (IC(50) = 3.0 μmol/L) and the highest antialgal activity was exhibited by (5Z)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (IC(50) = 1.3 μmol/L).     

O2-2,4-二硝基苯基偶氮二醇盐类化合物的设计、合成及抗肿瘤活性

以O2-2,4-二硝基苯基偶氮二醇盐(PABA/NO)为先导化合物,选择适当的仲胺作为偶氮二醇盐中相应的胺片段,并用碳氮键取代苯环5位的碳氧酯键,设计合成了化合物2a,2b和4a~4j,以期获得活性更强且稳定性好的抗肿瘤药物.目标化合物经1H NMR,13C NMR及HRMS进行了结构确证.生物活性测试结果表明,目标化合物可不同程度地抑制结肠癌HCT-116细胞的增殖,其中化合物4h的活性最强(IC50=7.945±0.421 μmol/L),优于PABA/NO(IC50=12.134±0.675 μmol/L).NO释放实验结果表明,此类化合物的NO释放量与细胞毒性呈正相关.化合物4h在HCT-116细胞中释放NO的量最多,约是正常细胞的2倍.此外,化合物4h在大鼠血浆中的体外稳定性显著优于PABA/NO,值得进一步研究.     

基于萘普生-芳基金属配合物的抗癌及抗炎性能

以萘普生(NPX)为前体,分别与芳基钌(Ru)、锇(Os)及铱(Ir)二聚体反应制备了3个单核配合物[Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)(NPX-bpy) Cl]Cl (1),[Os (η⁶-p-cymene)(NPX-bpy) Cl]Cl (2)和[Ir(η⁵-Cp^*)·(NPX-bpy) Cl]Cl(3)。利用元素分析、电喷雾质谱和核磁共振波谱对3个配合物的组成和结构进行了表征,并研究了其细胞毒性。结果表明,3个配合物对几种肿瘤细胞株均无毒性(IC₅₀>100μmol/L),仅配合物1对NB-4细胞有中等程度的毒性(IC₅₀=45. 2μmol/L),且毒性大于配合物2和3,这可能与配合物1在细胞核内具有更高的富集量有关。此外,3个配合物均可有效抑制COX-2的表达,保留了萘普生的抗炎性质,实现了金属配合物抗癌及抗炎的多功能化应用。