球形SnO2 纳米微粒的合成及形成机理分析

以SnCl4*5H2O为主要原料,用溶剂热技术在油酸体系中成功地合成了球形SnO2纳米微粒,在无水乙醇体系中合成了菱形的SnO2纳米微粒.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD),选区电子衍射(SAED)和透射电镜(TEM)对两种产物进行了表征,并对两种产物的形成机理进行了分析.透射电镜(TEM)结果表明: 在油酸体系中得到了平均尺寸约为 3.5 nm的球形SnO2纳米微粒,此微粒趋向于特殊高的比表面积,适合于作气敏探测器材料方面的应用.     

Pd掺杂的纳米晶α-Fe_2O_3基CO敏感元件

采用共沉淀法制备了掺杂 Pd和其它元素的纳米晶α-Fe2 O3 粉体 ,并制作了厚膜型 CO敏感元件 .用XRD、TEM和比表面积测定技术对合成的粉体进行了表征 ,考察了掺杂元素的种类和含量及焙烧温度对敏感元件的灵敏度的影响 .结果表明 ,掺杂 5% Sn4 和 1 % Pd2 ,在 4 50℃焙烧的α-Fe2 O3 对 CO的气敏性最佳 .     

Pd掺杂的纳米晶a-Fe2O3基CO敏感元件

采用共沉淀法制备了掺杂Pd和其它元素的纳米晶α-Fe2O3粉体,并制作了厚膜型CO敏感元件.用XRD、TEM和比表面积测定技术对合成的粉体进行了表征,考察了掺杂元素的种类和含量及焙烧温度对敏感元件的灵敏度的影响.结果表明,掺杂5％Sn4+和1％Pd2+,在450℃焙烧的α-Fe2O3对CO的气敏性最佳.     

Pd掺杂的纳米晶α-Fe2O3基CO敏感元件

采用共沉淀法制备了掺杂Pd和其它元素的纳米晶α-Fe2O3粉体,并制作了厚膜型CO敏感元件,用XRD、TEM和比表面积测定技术对合成的粉体进行了表征,考察了掺杂元素的各类和含量及焙烧温度对敏感元件的灵敏度的影响,结果表明,掺杂5％Sn^4＋和1％Pd^2 ,在450℃焙烧的α-Fe2O3对CO的气敏性最佳。     

聚合氯化铝制备球形拟薄水铝石和γ-Al_2O_3的研究Ⅰ——制备条件探讨

采用实验室自制的聚合氯化铝为原料,结合溶胶-凝胶法和油滴法制备球形拟薄水铝石及其衍生物γ-Al2O3,采用XRD,TEM和N2吸附法对样品进行了分析表征,探讨了不同pH值、不同铝形态含量的聚合氯化铝、不同煅烧温度及不同表面活性剂对产物结构性质的影响。结果表明:pH值在8.5附近合成的水合氧化铝以拟薄水铝石为主;高Alc含量的聚合氯化铝有利于形成高比表面积的球形产物;在450～750℃下煅烧产物为球形γ-Al2O3,并且随温度升高,产物比表面积下降、孔径增大,孔容变化不明显,在1000℃下煅烧产物为球形θ-Al2O3与γ-Al2O3的混合物;随着聚乙二醇表面活性剂分子量的增加,所得球形γ-Al2O3的孔容和孔径增大,聚乙二醇10000的扩孔效果最好,450℃下煅烧所得球形γ-Al2O3的比表面积、孔容分别达326m2·g-1、0.55cm3·g-1。     

ZnFe2O4纳米微晶的自控合成及其气敏性

纳米晶;AnFe2O4;ZnFe2O4纳米微晶的自控合成及其气敏性     

(Sn,Sb)O2-x基纳米结构厚膜材料气敏特性及机理

对采用水热合成技术所形成的纳米(Sn,Sb)O2 x晶粒结构、厚膜材料的气敏特性及其机理进行了研究,并采用XRD、TEM手段对纳米尺度的（Sn、Sb)O2 x晶粒的结构与表面效应及晶粒形态进行了表征.结果表明,当掺杂Sb5＋的浓度（摩尔分数xSb5＋)为（2.9～5.8)×10－6时,（Sn、Sb)O2 x纳米晶粒表面的电子缺陷浓度增大,增强了对气体的吸附能力,从而提高了对可燃性气体的灵敏度.同时可使晶粒保持短柱状的形态特征,对其灵敏度有一定的控制作用.     

反相微乳液法制备纳米氧化铝

采用由环己烷、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(TritonX-100)、正丁醇与水溶液构成的反相微乳液体系, 合成了纳米Al2O3粉体. 采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、比表面积分析仪等表征手段, 分别对产物的结构、形貌、比表面积和孔容进行了表征, 该纳米Al2O3比表面积约450 m2·g-1(随反应参数不同发生变化), 均属γ-Al2O3, 粒径均匀, 颗粒直径小于10 nm. 考察了微乳液体系中水与表面活性剂的物质的量之比r0、表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的体积比φ、焙烧温度等关键因素对产物比表面积等物理性质的影响. 结果表明, 当r0=20, φ=0.5, 焙烧温度为500 ℃时, 可以得到大比表面积、高孔容、分散性好及粒径分布均匀的γ-Al2O3粉体.     

真空冷冻干燥制备高比表面积纳米氧化铝

采用真空冷冻干燥技术结合反相微乳液法, 于环己烷/聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(曲拉通X-100)-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/水溶液体系中, 合成了纳米Al2O3粉体. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及比表面积与孔隙度分析仪对产物的形貌、结构、比表面积、孔容与孔径进行了表征. 经过煅烧, 该纳米Al2O3比表面积约550.0 m2·g-1(随反应参数不同而变化), 属γ-Al2O3晶型, 粒径均匀, 颗粒直径小于10.0 nm. 考察了不同的干燥方式(电热鼓风干燥、普通真空干燥、真空冷冻干燥)以及真空冷冻干燥过程中主要参数对产物比表面积、孔容、平均孔径等物理性质的影响. 结果表明, 采用真空冷冻干燥法制备的纳米Al2O3的比表面积和孔容远高于采用另外两种干燥方式制备的纳米Al2O3. 采用真空冷冻干燥法制备纳米Al2O3时, 降温速率、预冻时间、冻干时间等参数对最终制备的产物比表面积与孔结构有显著影响.     

超临界水体系制备二氧化铈纳米颗粒

采用超临界水氧化的方法,使用自主设计的SCWO连续性反应釜制备出纳米Ce O2粉末,并应用XRD,FE-SEM,XPS等一系列分析手段对实验样品的结构与形貌进行了表征。结果表明:采用SCWO超临界反应釜制备的产物Ce O2纳米颗粒呈球形,结晶良好,平均粒径控制在10 nm左右,随着Ce(NO3)3·6H2O水溶液浓度的增大,制备出的纳米Ce O2粉末的粒径逐渐减小,粒度分布更加集中,但是粒子间团聚现象加重,Ce与O的结合能力逐渐减弱;随着Ce(NO3)3·6H2O水溶液浓度的增大,所制得的产物纳米Ce O2颗粒的BET比表面积也逐渐增加,平均比表面积为48 m2·g-1。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.