1,3,5,7-四异氰氧基乙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷合成及结构表征

以丙烯酸和1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷(D4H)等为初始原料,经酯化、硅氢加成反应制得1,3,5,7-四(三甲基硅氧羰丙基)-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷(2),水解2制得1,3,5,7-四羧丙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷(3),3经Staudinger反应和Curtius重排反应制得1,3,5,7-四异氰氧基乙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷(4).反应总收率为14.5%,化合物结构经1H NMR,29Si NMR,IR,MS和HRMS确证.     

氯铂酸(钠)-冠醚络合物及对氢化硅烷化反应的催化作用的研究

对氢化硅烷化反应所用铂催化剂已进行了大量的研究,但以氯铂酸(钠)的冠醚络合物作为氢化硅烷化反应的催化剂至今未见报导。冠醚用于铂系金属的络合多是以含氯,含硫的环状化合物为配体。氯铂酸(钠)冠醚络合物的研究旨在寻求室温惰性、高温有良好活性和能反复使用的新型氢化硅烷化反应催化剂。本文报导了氯铂酸及其钠盐和18-冠-9及1,7,10,16-四氧-4,13,二氮环十八烷(简称([2,2])的冠醚络合物的合成,物性及其对不饱和化合物的硅氢加成反应的催化活性和选     

特定乙烯基和硅氢键含量聚硅氧烷的可控制备

以1,3,5-三乙烯基-1,3,5-三甲基环三硅氧烷与六甲基环三硅氧烷为共聚单体,四氢呋喃为溶剂,在正丁基锂引发条件下实现可控阴离子开环共聚,制备特定乙烯基含量的聚硅氧烷;同时,以1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷与六甲基环三硅氧烷为共聚单体,四氢呋喃为溶剂,在浓硫酸引发条件下实现可控阳离子开环共聚,制备特定硅氢键含量的聚硅氧烷,为制备具有特定乙烯基和硅氢键含量聚硅氧烷国防专用标准物质奠定了基础。     

铂配合物类催化剂在γ-氯丙基三氯硅烷合成中的应用

γ-氯丙基三氯硅烷是生产硅烷偶联剂的重要中间体,主要通过铂络合物催化氯丙烯和三氯氢硅的硅氢化反应来制备,产业规模早已突破万吨级别。但选择性较低、副产物过多是该产品产业化过程中急需解决的一个关键问题。通过铂催化剂的配体修饰以及催化剂负载的方式,科研工作者在发展高活性高选择性的铂络合物催化剂方面取得了较大成果。本文从均相催化剂以及非均相催化剂两个方面,分别概述了近年来催化该硅氢化反应的铂络合物催化剂和反应机理的研究进展,并对更为高效的铂络合物催化剂的发展进行了展望。     

CuFe_2O_4纳米粒子催化芳香酮的不对称硅氢化反应

分别采用共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法和溶剂热法制备得到CuFe_2O_4纳米粒子,以(R)-联萘二苯基膦[(R)-BINAP]为手性配体、聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)为硅氢化试剂,将制得的CuFe_2O_4纳米粒子用于催化芳香酮的不对称硅氢化反应.结果表明,溶剂热法能制得分散性好、粒径小且分布均匀的CuFe_2O_4纳米球,其催化活性明显优于其它2种方法.在添加剂t-Bu OK和t-BuOH的共同作用下,CuFe_2O_4纳米粒子的催化活性得以明显改善,最终得到一种高效的非均相催化体系CuFe_2O_4/t-Bu OK/t-BuOH.在室温和空气氛围下,用于催化芳香酮的不对称硅氢化反应,底物转化率和产物对映体过量值分别高达99%和92%.研究证实底物芳环上取代基的电子效应和空间位阻明显影响不对称硅氢化反应的结果.CuFe_2O_4纳米催化剂在外加磁场的作用下能较易从反应体系中分离回收,且催化剂经4次循环利用后仍具有较高的催化活性.     

聚乙烯基硅氧烷-铂络合物的合成及其对硅氢加成反应的催化作用的研究

乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和氯铂酸在无水碳酸钠存在下反应可以生成乙烯基乙氧基硅烷一铂络合物,该络合物可以固载于二氧化硅表面或自行缩聚成聚乙烯基硅氧烷-铂络合物,它们对不饱和化合物和硅氢化合物的加成反应具有良好的催化活性.例如,络合(C)在80℃、10分钟或25℃、3小时可使己烯-1与甲基二乙氧基硅烷的反应转化率达95,同时,催化剂可以回收反复使用。     

聚-γ-氨丙基硅氧烷-铂络合物对不饱和化合物的硅氢加成的催化活性和选择性

硅氢加成反应是把Si—H键加到不饱和烃上,生成含有饱和有机基团的硅烷的反应:此反应可由某些金属和金属卤化物催化.近年来,出现了一些对硅氢加成反应具有一定催化活性,而且容易回收使用的高分子催化剂.例如,Capka等人报道了带有二苯基膦、二甲胺基和氰基的交联聚苯乙烯,带有二苯基膦的交联聚丙烯酸与铑或铂的络合物. 我们在烟雾状二氧化硅(普通市售)表面上,进行了γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的水解缩合,制备了以二氧化硅为载体的聚-γ-氨丙基硅氧烷.然后使其和水合铂氯酸作用,得到聚-γ-氨丙基硅氧烷—铂络合物:     

聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷——铂络合物对烯烃硅氢化反应的催化特征

本文报道二氧化硅负载的三苯膦铂络合物——聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷铂络合物对三甲氧基硅烷与不饱和化合物进行硅氢加成反应的催化特性.在底物用量的万分之一摩尔量的铂络合物存在下,1-己烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、苯基烯丙醚和ω-氯代十一碳烯在60或40℃平稳地与三甲氧基硅烷发生硅氢加成反应,唯一地得到末端加成产物,产率均在85％以上.其催化活性在反应初期低于四(三苯膦)合铂,但后期反应速度和硅氢化产率均较高.实验表明,聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷与四(三苯膦)合铂反应制得的铂络合物(1)比与氯铂酸反应制得的铂络合物(Ⅱ)催化活性高.其次,反应气氛对硅氢加成反应具有决定性的影响.在空气气氛中,硅氢化反应平稳地进行;在氮气气氛中,不发生反应.     

直接合成三烷氧基硅烷铜系催化剂的研究现状

三烷氧基硅烷(HSi(OR)3)既含有可水解的Si-OR键,又具有活泼的Si-H键.其中,Si-OR键通过水解缩合可转化成聚硅氧烷,与格氏试剂反应可生成烷氧基硅烷;Si-H键在铂系催化剂作用下,可与一系列含不饱和基的化合物发生氢硅化加成反应,得到各种碳官能硅烷、硅氧烷及硅基改性有机聚合物[1     

1,1′-双(乙硫基)二茂铁铂、铑配合物的合成及其对烯烃硅氢加成反应的催化性能

研究了1,1'-双(乙硫基)二茂铁铂、铑配合物在烯烃与三烷氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应中的催化性能。结果表明,该催化剂在70～120℃时具有良好的活性。提出并讨论了铂、铑催化烯烃硅氢化反应的可能机理。     

Chemical assembling of silica surface using a reaction of catalytic hydrosilylation

Chemical assembling of the silica surface modified by dimethylchlorosilane was performed by the catalytic hydrosilylation of 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, α-methyl styrene, acetophenone, allyl butyl and allyl glycidyl ethers with dimethylchlorosilane. The effect of the nature of complexes of platinum, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium on the parameters of hydrosilylation was studied. It was shown that the maximum rate of hydrosilylation was observed in the reaction with allyl glycidyl ether, and minimum, with α-methylstyrene; the most effective catalyst of hydrosilylation was [Rh(CO)₂(acac)].     

Effect of triarylphosphane ligands on the rhodium‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkene

A series of triarylphosphanes ( 1a , 2a , 3a , 4a , 5a , 6a , 7a , 8a , 9a , 10a , 11a ) have been synthesized. An X‐ray crystal structure analysis of (2‐bromophenyl)diphenylphosphane ( 1a ) unambiguously confirmed the constitution of the functionalized phosphane. The hydrosilylation reaction of styrene with triethoxysilane catalyzed with RhCl₃/triarylphosphane was studied. In comparison with the classic Wilkinson's catalyst, rhodium complexes with functionalized triarylphosphane ligands are characterized by a very high catalytic effectiveness for the hydrosilylation of alkene. Among these catalysts tested, RhCl₃/diphenyl(2‐(trimethylsilyl)phenyl)phosphane ( 8a ) exhibited excellent catalytic properties. Using this silicon‐containing phosphane ligand for the rhodium‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of styrene, both higher conversion of alkene and higher β‐adduct selectivity were obtained than with Wilkinson's catalyst. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel aryl amide-bridged ladderlike polymethylsiloxane synthesized by an amido H-bonding self-assembled template

A novel soluble aryl amide-bridged ladderlike polymethylsiloxane (A-LPMS) was synthesized by stepwise coupling polymerization on the basis of amido H-bonding self-assembling template from monomer N,N'-bis(3-methyldiethoxylsilylpropyl)-[4,4'-oxybis(benzyl amide)]. The monomer was prepared in a high yield by the hydrosilylation reaction of template agent N,N'-diallyl-[4,4'-oxybis(benzyl amide)] with methyldiethoxysilane in the presence of dicyclopentadienylplatinum dichloride (Cp(2)PtCl(2)) as catalyst. A variety of techniques including (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (29)Si NMR, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and, especially, static and dynamic light scattering and viscosimetry were combined to confirm the presence of the ordered ladderlike structure of polymer A-LPMS.     

聚-4-氧杂-6,7-双二苯膦基庚基硅氧烷铑配合物的合成及其催化硅氢化性能

4-氧杂-6,7-二氯庚基三甲氧基硅烷依次与二苯膦钾、气相法二氧化硅、三氯化铑作用,合成了聚-4-氧杂-6,7-双二苯膦基庚基硅氧烷铑配合物。它对烯烃与取代烯烃的硅氢化反应具有良好的催化活性。     

Modification of silica gel with diethylamino group by novel reaction and its characterization

1,3,5,7-Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (H₄) was deposited on silica gel at 80°C by utilizing a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, where it was catalytically polymerized to form a surface coating of polymethylsiloxane (PMS). Treated silica gel (PMS-Si) increased in weight up to a plateau level, and there was no further increase with increasing reaction time. The film of PMS was partially cross linked; typical values of crosslinking ratio and film thickness were 2% and 0.6 nm, respectively. An anionic ion exchanger containing diethylamino groups was synthesized from PMS-Si by hydrosilylation of allyl glycidyl ether followed by treatment with diethylamine. Its structure was confirmed by¹³C and²⁹Si CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Characterization of silica gel (DEA-Si) modified with diethylamino group was evaluated by a packing of the column for liquid chromatography. As a mixture of five nucleotides was completely separated, it was recognized that DEA-Si was operated by ion exchange action. Because the surface of the silica gel was covered with hydrophobic PMS, the peak heights and retention times did not change after washing of the column with alkaline solution.     

Carboxylic Acids Promoted Speier’S Catalyst for the Hydrosilylation of Styrene with Triethoxysilane: Activity,Selectivity, and Mechanism

Abstract

Catalytic performances of Speier's catalyst with carboxylic acids were studied in the hydrosilylation reaction of styrene with triethoxysilane. The effect of carboxylic acids (RCOOH) with different pKa values and size was investigated, and the temperature and n(COOH)/n(Pt) ratios were also studied. The catalytic activity of the hydrosilylation reaction is related to the acid strength of the carboxylic acid, temperature, and n(COOH)/n(Pt) ratio, while the selectivity for the β-adduct is related to the size of carboxylic acid and the n(COOH)/n(Pt) ratio. Moreover, the influence of carboxylic acid on the hydrosilylation reaction was explained with the help of density functional theory calculations, and a reasonable mechanism was proposed.     

Synthesis and hydrosilation of multi-vinyl branched siloxane for self-healing system

In this work, the preparation of α,ω-dichloride-terminated multi-vinyl branched siloxane 1 （yield： 57.1%） used for self-healing polymer composites were synthesized via ring-opening of 1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane （D4^vi） in the presence of vinylmethydichlorosilane （VM-32）. 1 was hydrogenated by aluminum lithium hydride （LiAlH4） to get self-healing monomer 2 （yield： 79.8%） which contained both Si-H bonds and Si-vinyl bonds. Then hydrosilation occurred between these two bands and finally silicone 3 was obtained, showing the potential of self-healing.     

Preparation of styrene–divinyl benzene copolymer-supported platinum complexes and their catalytic properties in hydrosilylation

A new type of catalyst for the hydrosilylation of unsaturated monomers with dichloromethylsilane (DCMS) was prepared, which consisted of thiolmethylene-substituted styrene–divinyl benzene copolymer and platinum. When using DCMS as a hydrosilylation agent, these catalysts showed a high activity in the hydrosilylation of vinyl and acetylene monomers as styrene, alkyl vinyl silanes, acetylene, phenyl acetylene, butyl acrylate. The activities of catalysts were not significantly reduced even after 20 reuse cycles.     

Tandem deuteration/hydrosilylation reactions catalyzed by a rhodium carbene complex under solvent-free conditions

The complex [Rh(I(t)Bu)(2)HCl] has been shown to be an active catalyst in the hydrosilylation of carbonyl and imine complexes. This reactivity, combined with the previously reported H/D exchange catalyzed by these complexes allows for a one pot, two step reaction using a single catalyst for both H/D exchange and hydrosilylation. Using triethylsilane, [Rh(I(t)Bu)(2)Cl] catalyst, and D(2) gas, deuterated silyl-ethers can be synthesized in an atom-economical, solvent-free reaction.     

Functionalization of surface‐grafted polymethylhydrosiloxane thin films with alkyl side chains

Thin films of crosslinked polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) have been grafted on silica using the sol–gel process allowing further functionalization by effective quantitative hydrosilylation of SiH groups by olefins within the network. Postfunctionalization gives the polysiloxane network with n‐alkyl side chains. The PMHS coating was prepared by room temperature polycondensation of a mixture of methyldiethoxysilane HSiMe(OEt)₂ monomer and triethoxysilane HSi(OEt)₃ (TH) as crosslinker. The surface‐attached films are chemically stable and covalently bonded to the silica surface. Subsequently, films were functionalized without delamination. We showed by FTIR spectroscopy how the crosslinking ratio and the molecular size of the alkenes precursors influence the extent of the hydrosilylation reaction of SiH groups in the PMHS network. We have determined that quasi‐full olefin addition catalyzed by a platinum complex occurred within soft networks of less than 5% TH with 1‐alkenes CH₂?CH(CH₂)_n‐2CH₃ of various alkyl chain lengths (n = 5, 11, 17). Powders of PMHS gel were also modified with 1‐alkenes by hydrosilylation. The SiH groups within the soft gel (5% crosslinked) were fully functionalized as shown by ²⁹Si and ¹H solid‐state NMR. The structure of functionalized polysiloxane with n‐octadecyl and n‐dodecyl side chains was studied by FTIR, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, and DSC showing crystallization of the long n‐alkyl chains in the network. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3546–3562, 2008