双抗体夹心酶联免疫检测法测定蓖麻毒素

建立了双抗体夹心酶联免疫法检测蓖麻毒素的方法。优化了最佳蓖麻毒素多克隆抗体包被浓度和包被方法、蓖麻毒素单克隆抗体工作浓度、酶标记二抗体工作浓度和显色时间等实验条件。方法的线性范围在1.2~10.0μg/L之间,线性回归方程y=0.05x 0.42,相关系数为0.9962,检出限为0.2μg/L。将该方法用于检测实际水样蓖麻毒素加标样品,回收率为91.7%~104.0%;检测实际土壤加标样品,回收率为83.3%~98.0%;检测奶粉加标样品,回收率为83.3%~94.0%;检测实际血液加标样品,回收率为75.0%~82.0%。     

盘式固相萃取–超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法快速测定环境水样中3种微囊藻毒素

建立盘式固相萃取–超高效液相色谱–串联质谱(UPLC–MS–MS)快速测定环境水样中3种微囊藻毒素(MCs)的方法。环境水样经过盘式固相萃取柱净化,采用Waters BEH C_(18)色谱小柱,以乙腈–0.2%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱分离后,UPLC–MS–MS多级监测正离子模式下外标法进行定性定量分析。3种微囊藻毒素在0.05~10.0μg/L范围内呈现良好线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999 4,方法检出限为0.02 ng/L。对同一环境样品进行0.1,1.0,5.0μg/L 3种浓度的加标回收试验,平均回收率为82.8%~108.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.1%~10.1%(n=6)。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可有效应用于环境水样中微囊藻毒素的监测。     

悬浮固化分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定环境水样品中6种雌激素

本文建立了悬浮固化分散液相微萃取(DLLME-SFO)高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定环境水样品中壬基雌酚、双酚A、己烯雌酚、雌酮、雌二醇、炔雌醇6种雌激素的分析方法。萃取的最优条件为:以90μL 1-十二醇为萃取剂,250μL0.025mol/L Triton X-100为分散剂,调节pH至7.0,超声3min,在室温条件下萃取环境水样中的雌激素残留。最优条件下,该方法在三个浓度水平下的平均加标回收率为93.4%~108.6%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~8.7%,检出限为0.001~0.05μg/L。将该方法应用于环境水样中雌激素残留分析,获得了较好的回收率。     

蓖麻毒素的间接酶联免疫快速检测

建立了间接酶联免疫法快速检测蓖麻毒素的方法。方法的线性范围在0.08~1.25 mg/L之间,相关系数r=0.992 3,检出限为0.02 mg/L。将该法用于检测实际水样、土壤、奶粉和血液蓖麻毒素加标样品,回收率在60%~98%范围。该方法简单、快速、假阳性率低,非常适合蓖麻毒素的快速筛选、定性和半定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果中乙撑硫脲残留

建立了水果中乙撑硫脲(Ethylenethiourea,ETU)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经碱性乙腈(1.5%氨水乙腈)振荡提取,弗罗里硅土净化后,以乙腈-0.2%甲酸为流动相,0.4m L/min流速下梯度洗脱,经HSS T3色谱柱分离,在正离子模式下采用多反应监测(MRM)扫描测定,外标法定量。研究表明,ETU在5~200μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;5,20,50μg/L 3个加标水平下,苹果、桃、葡萄、柑橘和香蕉5种基质中乙撑硫脲的加标回收率分别为93.6%~101.4%,91.2%~98.4%,84.6%~95.1%,86.8%~97.9%和79.5%~96.3%;检出限分别为0.08,0.13,0.11,0.23,0.26μg/L;定量下限分别为0.28,0.42,0.37,0.75,0.86μg/L。该方法简便、准确、经济、环保,能够满足水果中乙撑硫脲残留的快速检测要求。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定纤维板和刨花板中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂

建立气相色谱–质谱方法测定纤维板和刨花板中6种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法。样品用正己烷提取后,采用HP–5MS毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,以内标法进行定量。邻苯二甲酸酯BBP,DBP,DEHP,DNOP在0.2~2μg/m L范围内线性均良好,检出限为2 mg/kg;DINP,DIDP在2.0~20μg/m L范围内线性均良好,检出限为10 mg/kg。线性相关系数均大于0.999。样品加标回收率为86.00%~95.17%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.06%~9.72%(n=6)。该方法具有较高的灵敏度,可应用于各类纤维板和刨花板产品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中丙烯酰胺、苯胺和联苯胺

建立了直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱同时分析水中丙烯酰胺、苯胺和联苯胺的分析方法。采用SHIMADZU Shim-pack FC-ODS柱(75 mm×4.6 mm,3μm)为分离柱,甲醇和0.1%甲酸为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL/min,柱温40℃。经液相色谱分离后,采用串联四极杆质谱的多反应监测模式,使用TIS(+)源电离水样。在上述条件下,水样过0.22μm滤膜后可直接进样,单个样品分析时间仅11 min。进样体积25μL时,3种物质检出限分别为0.1,0.1和0.03μg/L,在0.10~100μg/L范围内,3种物质均线性良好(r>0.9995);测试低、中、高浓度的混合标准物质,3种化合物的相对标准偏差在1.3%~5.6%之间,样品加标回收率在92.8%~106%之间。本方法可应用于实际样品的分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和水果中腈吡螨酯残留量

建立了蔬菜和水果中腈吡螨酯残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经乙腈均质提取,混合使用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)和C18两种基质分散净化剂净化,净化液过膜后直接进行UPLC-MS/MS检测。通过考察腈吡螨酯在不同果蔬样品中的基质效应发现,采用UPLC-MS/MS检测蔬菜和水果中腈吡螨酯残留量时,腈吡螨酯在不同种类样品中存在不同程度的基质减弱效应,采用空白基质溶液稀释标准建立校正的标准曲线外标法定量以消除基质效应。结果表明,腈吡螨酯在0.05~10μg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数不低于0.999 6。在0.000 05~2 mg/kg范围内进行加标回收率实验,平均回收率为81.1%~99.3%,相对标准偏差为4.7%~9.3%,方法的定量下限为0.043μg/kg,检出限为0.013μg/kg。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定乌龙茶中5种氨基甲酸酯类农药

建立了乌龙茶中5种氨基甲酸酯农药(速灭威、异丙威、仲丁威、残杀威和抗蚜威)同时测定的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶1)混合溶液提取后,通过400 mg PSA/400 mg C18/1 200 mg Mg SO4的Qu ECh ERS试剂盒进行净化,Rxi-5 Sil MS毛细管柱(30 m,0.25 mm×0.25μm)进行分离,串联质谱进行定性定量分析。5种农药在各自的线性范围(速灭威和残杀威为5~500μg/kg,异丙威、仲丁威和抗蚜威为1~500μg/kg)内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99;在5,20,100μg/kg 3个加标水平下,速灭威和残杀威的平均回收率为77.5%~95.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.1%~6.1%,检出限和定量下限分别为1μg/kg和5μg/kg;在1,20,100μg/kg 3个加标水平下,异丙威、仲丁威和抗蚜威的平均回收率为79.5%~102.5%,RSD为2.0%~8.2%,检出限和定量下限分别为0.2μg/kg和1μg/kg。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足乌龙茶样品中5种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的分析要求。     

分散固相萃取结合HPLC-MS/MS检测鸡蛋中16种全氟化合物

建立了分散固相萃取净化结合HPLC-MS/MS测定鸡蛋中16种全氟化合物(Perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)的方法。样品经乙腈40℃下超声萃取,氮吹浓缩,石墨化碳黑分散萃取净化后,采用HPLCMS/MS进行测定,基质曲线-内标法定量。结果显示,16种PFCs在0.50~10.0μg/L浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r)为0.996 2~0.999 9,检出限为0.001~0.093μg/kg,定量下限为0.003~0.310μg/kg。在0.5,1.0,2.0μg/kg 3个加标浓度水平下,16种PFCs的加标回收率为79%~125%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)为0.26%~14%。该方法具有净化效果好、定量准确、灵敏度高的特点,适用于鸡蛋样品中16种常见全氟化合物的快速确认和准确定量。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.