煤中可溶有机质对煤的孔隙结构及甲烷吸附特性影响

采用四氢呋喃对临涣7煤和祁南3煤进行微波辅助抽提,进行了原煤和残煤等温吸附实验和低温氮气吸附测试,对比分析了抽提前后原煤和残煤的甲烷吸附量和比表面积、孔分布情况,并理论测算煤中可溶有机质吸附溶解甲烷量.结果表明,残煤的甲烷吸附能力低于原煤;抽提后,煤的比表面积和总孔体积增大,平均孔径减少,影响煤吸附气体能力的主要孔径为1.7~5.0 nm,且该范围内的孔数有不同程度的增加;压力为0.1~5.0 MPa时,两煤样中可溶有机质吸附溶解的甲烷量分别为0.45~4.22 mL/g、0.69~4.99 mL/g,最大吸附量分别占到原煤最大吸附量的30%和38%.分析认为,煤中可溶有机质占据部分煤中孔隙,影响煤孔隙结构,同时,在压力的作用下,甲烷可以溶解和吸附煤中可溶有机质.     

溶剂抽提法研究煤中小分子相结构

在90 ℃～100 ℃温和实验条件下,采用溶剂N-甲基-2吡咯烷酮(NMP)及其与二硫化碳(NMP+CS2)混合溶剂体系对我国7个典型煤种进行抽提研究。研究表明,NMP+CS2(75∶1 v/v)混合溶剂体系对煤有较好的抽提效果。除无烟煤外,其他6个煤种获得了20%以上的抽提率,长焰煤的抽提率为41%。抽提可溶物利用高效液相色谱进行分离并结合色谱保留指数对物质结构进行分析,实验发现,煤中的活性组分为C6以下的极性组分,而惰性组分为3个芳环的芳烃衍生物。     

室温下氧Wong盐非极性溶剂中聚集体的研究

研究了氧Ｗｏｎｇ盐在不同溶剂中的光物理性质。结果表明，该化合物在甲苯（或苯）中基态和激发态下均能殂成聚集体，浓度效应。温度效应及荧光衰变等这一结论提供了证据。     

反相HPLC中溶剂极性对容量因子的影响

考查了反相HPLC中,溶剂极性改变对容量因子的影响及其相关规律。结果发现:其影响是复杂的,不同溶质对不同溶剂极性改变的敏感程度差异较大。反映在容量因子的变化上就是:有时极性改变较大,但某些溶质的容量因子变化却较小;反之有时极性改变较小,但某些溶质的容量因子变化却较大。随着溶剂极性的改变,原来容量因子小的溶质变化幅度小,原来容量因子大的溶质变化幅度大。最后探讨了产生这种复杂变化的机理。     

有机化合物的光物理研究 XI. 芘在不同极性溶剂中的瞬态过程

芘是一种很好的电子转移试剂,它既可以作为电子给体,又可以作为电子受体。因此,在电子转移光化学、光物理中有不少研究文章报导。由于其较强的荧光、较高的量子产率及较长的荧光寿命,因而常被用作荧光探针,研究胶体分子及生物大分子的结构和功能等。利用紫外、红外、电子脉冲辐射和激光光解瞬态光导的测量方法研究芘与一些溶剂的相互作用以及在不同极性溶剂中的光离子化现象已有一些研究工作。本文报导芘在不同极性溶剂中的时间分辨瞬态吸收光谱的研究结果。藉对芘在不同极性溶剂中的时间分辨瞬态吸收光谱的研究,了解芘在不同极性溶剂中的瞬态反应过程,考查其与溶剂间在激光作用下的相互作用。     

从分子中正电荷分数探讨常用溶剂的极性顺序

基于桑德逊电负性均衡原理,改进了计算方法,计算出溶剂分子中的正电荷分数,得到的常用溶剂极性顺序与实测顺序基本一致。改进的计算方法比受溶剂纯度等条件影响的实际测量更通用,并有一定的预见性。     

若干极性树脂对黄芩甙及黄芩黄素的吸附性能研究

测定了35种具有不同极性的吸附树脂对黄芩甙及黄芩黄素的吸附量,发现弱碱树脂具有较大的吸附量,研究了弱碱树脂对黄芩黄素的吸附动力学,观察到该树脂对黄芩黄素的吸附较快,5h已基本达到吸附平衡。     

氮氧自由基的研究VIII. 关于溶剂极性经验参数的讨论

作者测定了有机溶剂-水二元混合溶剂体系中2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶1-氧自由基(TMPO)的ESRaN 值. 这类混合溶剂体系中aN-m关系可归属有机二元混合溶剂体系的四种典型线关系. 比较了几种溶剂极性经验参数, 说明各种经验极参数-m关系图的差异是特定模型反痘中溶剂分子与溶质分子间相互作用不同的反映. 对二元混合溶剂体系而言, aN-Er(30),aN-Z一般不具有线线性关系, 认为溶剂极性经验参数是溶剂(包括溶剂混合物)对模型化合物溶剂化能力的标度, 给出了在各种溶剂体系中的aN 测定值, 作为溶剂对中性偶极分子相对溶剂化能力的经验标度.     

极性敏感的BDP分子溶剂化效应的光谱性质

合成了具有分子内电荷转移(ICT)性质的三重态光敏剂分子BDP,研究了其稳态吸收光谱、荧光光谱、荧光寿命、飞秒/纳秒瞬态吸收光谱及诱导产生单线态氧的能力等性质,发现强极性溶剂对BDP分子的溶剂化效应降低了其ICT态和第一激发三重态(T1态)的能量,从而降低了BDP分子单线态氧的产量.     

Solvent polarity indicators: Extraction of some coumarin indicator dyes

Study of the extraction of ten different coumarins (unsubstituted, 6-methyl-, 7-methyl-, 4-hydroxy-, 7-hydroxy-, 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 7-methoxy-, 7-amino-4-methyl-, 7-diethyl-amino-4-methyl-, and 3-carboxy-) with nine organic solvents shows that the percentage extraction is generally high. Cyclohexanone and heptane were found to be, respectively, the most and least effective extracting solvents for the compounds under study. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of different solvent polarity parameters on the extraction process.     

Solvent polarity studies. Part I. NewZ values and relationships with other solvent polarity scales

Z values are reported for 41 solvents, thereby almost doubling present knowledge. Linear correlations amongZ, Y, logk _ion, _B, , andF solvent polarity scales have been examined statistically. Correlation coefficients are greater than 0.95, and it is shown that solvent polarity values may be predicted to within a few percent. TheZ value for water is reexamined and a new lower value of 91.8 kcal-mole^–1 is advocated.     

Generalized criterion of solvent polarity as a tool for control of chromatographic process

The generalized (reductive) criterion of solvent polarity was obtained by the method of multiparametric optimization of the Snyder index P", Hildebrand parameter _T , permittivity _r , and solvatochromism parameter E _T (30). Possibilities of employing this criterion for estimation of the elution power of normal and reversed mobile phases used in high-performance liquid chromatography were considered.     

Determination of solvatochromic solvent polarity parameters for the characterisation of some nematic liquid crystal in anisotropic and isotropic phases

Characterisation of liquid crystals (LCs) as solvents is needed, to obtain the polarity and solvatochromic polarity parameters of these media. Polarity parameters demonstrate the effects of LC media on the photo-physical behaviour of solute molecules in an anisotropic medium. The practical limitations in determining solvent polarity scale parameters for LCs can overcome the overlapping absorption band of LCs and solvent-sensitive standard compounds or their insolubility in LCs. In this work, we report Kamlet–Abboud–Taft polarity functions of some nematic LCs in different temperatures and phases, isotropic and anisotropic, with the solvatochromic method, using the Reichardt's dye and 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-1-pyridinio)-phenolate standard probe. In addition, a new azo and coumarin dye were used as probes to obtain some solvatochromic polarity parameters. Finally, a new polarity parameter, the LC anisotropic matrix, is introduced.     

酸洗脱灰及离子交换对低阶煤热溶剂提质分离的影响

采用酸洗脱灰、酸洗和Na/Co离子交换对两种低阶煤(MM和LY)进行预处理,然后以1-甲基萘为溶剂对预处理煤进行热溶剂提质萃取,把煤分成提质煤(UC)、高分子量萃取物(deposit)和低分子量萃取物(soluble)3种主要固体组分,以及少量水和气体产物。结果表明,通过脱灰和离子交换均提高了两种萃取物的收率及碳含量,并明显促进了煤中含氧官能团的脱除。脱灰后MM煤的高分子量萃取物收率从3.5%增加到9.5%,Na离子交换LY的低分子量萃取物的碳含量高达85.3%、氧含量低于6.4%。离子交换对两种萃取物的物理化学性质有明显的影响,Na+的影响尤为显著。酸洗脱灰和离子交换对低阶煤热溶剂提质萃取有明显促进作用。     

Solvent effects on radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate: solvent polarity and solvent-monomer interaction

Abstract

New insights for the effects of organic solvent polarities and solvent-monomer interactions on the radical copolymerization for an important copolymer, poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (PAN-co-MA), were provided in this research. Solvents, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were used as reaction media. The polarity of these solvents was in the sequence of DMAc?<?DMF?<?DMSO. By studying the reactivity ratios of AN and MA, the triad fractions of the resultant copolymers, the interactions between monomers and solvents, and the compositions of copolymers at various conversions, we concluded that the solvent polarity had minimal influence on the copolymerization of AN and MA, while the solvent-monomer interactions played important roles. The interactions between monomer-monomer, monomer-solvent, and solvent-solvent, were calculated based on quantum chemistry methods. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results suggested that AN and MA in DMSO tended to aggregate locally, while they could be homogeneously dissolved in DMAc and DMF. The interactions between solvent and monomers could cause local monomer concentration variations, or ‘bootstrap’ effect, which is one of the critical factors affecting the copolymerization process of AN and MA and the chemical structures of the resultant polymers.     

Effects of coverage and solvent on H2S adsorption on the Cu(100) surface: A DFT study

Density functional theory is used to investigate the effects of coverage and solvent on the adsorption of H₂S on the Cu(100) surface. In this work, the adsorption energies, structural parameters and Mulliken charges of the adsorbed H₂S are calculated. The results show that when the coverage of H₂S is high (1 ML), H₂S molecule cannot adsorb on the Cu(100) surface spontaneously, and the decomposition of H₂S preferentially occurs at the bridge site. When the coverage decreases to 1/4 ML coverage, H₂S molecule does not exhibit the decomposition, but bonds to the top Cu atom with the tilted adsorption. Furthermore, when the coverage is 1/9, 1/16 and 1/25 ML, H₂S adsorption remains stable. In addition, the stability of H₂S adsorption on the Cu(100) surface improves rapidly when the solvent dielectric constant (ε) increases from 1 to 12.3 corresponding to the vacuum and pyridine, respectively. For the higher ε (≥24.3), the effect of the solvent on the H₂S adsorption was greatly reduced. In this work, both coverage and solvent are shown to have an important effect on the H₂S adsorption on the Cu(100) surface, which might be useful to improve the future similar simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Switchable polarity solvent for liquid phase microextraction of Cd(II) as pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate chelates from environmental samples

A switchable polarity solvent was synthesized from triethylamine (TEA)/water/CO₂ (Dry ice) via proton transfer reaction has been used for the microextraction of cadmium(II) as pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) chelate. Cd(II)-APDC chelate was extracted into the switchable polarity solvent drops by adding 2 mL 10 M sodium hydroxide solution. Analytical parameters affecting the complex formation and microextraction efficiency such as pH, amount of ligand, volume of switchable polarity solvent and NaOH, sample volume were optimized. The effects of foreign ions were found tolerably. Under optimum conditions, the detection limit was 0.16 μg L⁻¹ (3Sb/m, n = 7) and the relative standard deviation was 5.4% (n = 7). The method was validated by the analysis of certified reference materials (TMDA-51.3 fortified water, TMDA-53.3 fortified water and SPS-WW2 waste water, 1573a Tomato Leaves and Oriental Basma Tobacco Leaves (INCT-OBTL-5)) and addition/recovery tests. The method was successfully applied to determination of cadmium contents of water, vegetable, fruit and cigarette samples.