热损耗条件下导热系数反演模型及实验研究

通过导热反问题反演求解导热系数通常误差较大,本文构建考虑热损耗条件下的虚拟薄板模型精确求解导热系数。首先通过数值算例验证模型的准确性和稳定性,正向问题使用有限差分法进行求解,反问题求解采用人工蜂群算法进行目标函数最优化。然后搭建第二类边界条件下导热正向装置,进行导热系数实例反演和实验研究,并将新模型与理论模型反演结果对比分析。结果表明理论模型反演结果的相对误差约为-14.76%,而新模型下导热系数反演相对误差达到-4.67%。新模型较理论模型反演结果更精确,有效降低了热损耗对反演的影响,提高了反演精度,更符合实际工况。     

Thermophoretic transport of moderately large spherical and cylindrical particles in two-component gases

The problem of the thermophoretic motion of moderately large solid spherical and cylindrical particles in a two-component gas is solved for Re≪1. The formulas obtained permit direct estimation of the rate of thermophoretic motion of both single-layer and multilayer particles. Corrections which depend directly on the Knudsen number are taken into account in the derivation of these formulas. The thermal conductivity of the particles is assumed to be a function which depends on the radial coordinate. It is shown that thermal diffusion and the dependence of the thermal conductivity on the radial coordinate can have a significant influence on the rate of thermophoretic transport of particles. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 21–27 (August 1999)     

Thermal nonlinearity in a photoacoustic cell

The effect of the thermal nonlinearity caused by the temperature dependence of the specific heat and thermal conductivity of a sample, substrate, and air on the temperature field in a photoacoustic cell is stud-ied theoretically. Exact solutions are obtained for a steady temperature field with allowance for thermal nonlin-earity and for a nonsteady field without allowance for this nonlinearity. The nonsteady nonlinear problem was solved numerically. It is shown that, due to thermal nonlinearity, the linear dependence of the temperature of the irradiated surface on the heating beam intensity gradually transforms into a power-law dependence as the beam intensity increases.     

Design of reinforced composites with a given set of effective thermophysical characteristics and some adjoining problems of diagnostics of their properties

A thermal conductivity model is proposed for an orthogonally reinforced fiber medium with dispersed hardening of the bonding agent. On its basis, the problem of the design of a composite with a given set of effective thermophysical properties is solved as well as the solutions are derived for some inverse problems of the diagnostics of thermophysical properties of phase materials and the reinforcement structure of a fiber composite from known effective thermophysical characteristics.     

基于改进布谷鸟算法识别瞬态热传导问题的导热系数

基于改进布谷鸟算法反演瞬态热传导问题随温度变化的导热系数.采用Kirchhoff变换将非线性热传导问题转换为线性热传导问题,使用边界元法求解瞬态热传导正问题.将导热系数的反演转化为函数表达式中未知参数的反演,使用改进布谷鸟算法求解未知参数.与共轭梯度法相比,改进布谷鸟算法对迭代初值不敏感;与布谷鸟算法相比,改进布谷鸟算法迭代次数大大减少.数值算例表明对改进布谷鸟算法,增加测点数量迭代次数增加;增加鸟巢数量迭代次数减少;减小测量误差计算结果更精确,同时迭代次数更少.数值算例验证了改进布谷鸟算法反演导热系数的准确性和有效性.     

小型平板CPL蒸发器耦合计算及优化设计研究

本文建立了小型平板CPL蒸发器毛细多孔芯内汽液两相流动与传热的模型以及金属外壁和工质区的导热模型,并进行耦合求解.分析了金属侧壁效应对蒸发器性能的影响,提出小型平板CPL存在着侧壁效应传热极限.数值结果表明,工质蒸发发生在多孔芯加热表面附近,蒸发器采用单一金属外壁时由于侧壁效应导致系统传热极限低,而上壁采用导热系数大,侧壁及下壁采用导热系数小的新型结构能够明显的提高系统的传热能力,同时使加热表面的温度维持在较低的水平.     

基于DISLab温度传感器的导热系数测定

对采用热电偶测量导热系数的实验进行改进,利用DISLab温度传感器测金属盘达到平衡的温度和散热盘的温度,解决了传统的导热系数测定时误差较大的问题。实验表明,该实验操作简单,精度高,具有明显的优势。     

Thermocapillary motion of a drop near a plane interface between liquids

The thermocapillary motion of a liquid drop immersed into another liquid near an infinite plane interface between two liquids is theoretically analyzed. The motion is considered under the conditions of a constant temperature gradient normal to the interface at infinity and small Reynolds and Peclet numbers. The problem is solved in bispherical coordinates. The analysis takes into consideration the thermal conductivity of the liquids and the thermocapillary motion of the liquids due to a nonuniform temperature distribution over the plane interface.     

The effect of orientational disorder on hopping conductivity in disordered organic semiconductors

The model of variable range hopping is generalized to systems with extended sites. The calculation of the hopping conductivity of a disordered medium with chain structure is reduced to the percolation problem for a system of one-dimensional fragments with random distribution of lengths and orientations. The percolation problem is solved using the Monte Carlo method and the method based on the bonding criterion. The percolation threshold, which determines the dependence of the conductivity on the fragment lengths and degree of their orientational ordering (texture), is calculated. It is shown that the conductivity increases exponentially with fragment lengths and decreases with orientational ordering.     

Thermal characteristics of paratellurite single crystals by the rectangular thermal wave method

The study of the thermal characteristics of bulk nonferroelectric materials with low heat conductivity coefficient by the pyroelectrical rectangular thermal wave is shown to need the solution of the problem of the thermal conductivity for a three-layer system. The thermal characteristics of a paratellurite crystal with various crystallographic directions were studied. The heat conductivity coefficient is found to depend on the crystallographic direction.     

Calculation of displacement function of crystal atoms in the presence of temperature gradient

The thermal conductivity equation is solved with allowance for experimental conditions. An expression for the displacement function is derived. A method for calculating the displacement functions for different axes of symmetry of a crystal is proposed.     

Effect of internal heat evolution on the motion of a solid particle in a viscous fluid

The problem of the effect of internal heat evolution on the motion of a heated solid spherical particle in a viscous fluid is analytically solved in the Stokes approximation at small Reynolds and Peclet numbers. The temperature drop between the surface of the particle and the area away from it is assumed to be arbitrary. In solving hydrodynamic equations, the thermal conductivity of the particle is set to be a power function of temperature and the viscosity of the fluid, an exponential-power function of temperature. The observability of this effect is discussed.     

Thermoelectrical regime of a vertical electrolyzer. Part 2: Numerical modeling of two-phase electrolyte convection

The results of numerical modeling of two-phase electrolyte thermo-and hydrodynamics in the working space of a separate electrolyzer cell with vertical electrode arrangement are presented. The problem is solved in a self-consistent formulation taking into account the electric current, Joule heat evolution, gas evolution, gas and liquid flows, and electric conductivity of the disperse phase. Within the framework of the proposed two-liquid approach, near-wall bubbly flow is calculated using a model of expanding gas plume, which is based on the introduction of an effective force acting upon the gas phase. The results of several variants of such calculations are compared. The numerical solution is also compared to approximate analytical solutions of the problem. The results of this study can be used to calculate estimations of the electrical and thermal regimes of vertical electrolyzers.     

稳态法导热系数测量的误差分析及改进方案

稳态法测量导热系数实验影响测量结果的因素有很多,总结、分析及恰当处理引起误差的主要因素,对测量原理的完善、新型装置的设计以及测量数据的处理具有重要的指导作用.     

Variable viscosity and thermal conductivity effects on MHD flow and heat transfer in viscoelastic fluid over a stretching sheet

The problem of flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting viscoelastic fluid over a continuously stretching sheet in the presence of a uniform magnetic field is analyzed for the case of power-law variation in the sheet temperature. The fluid viscosity and thermal conductivity are assumed to vary as a function of temperature. The basic equations comprising the balance laws of mass, linear momentum, and energy modified to include the electromagnetic force effect, the viscous dissipation, internal heat generation or absorption and work due to deformation are solved numerically.     

Generalized thermoelsticity of the thermal shock problem in an isotropic hollow cylinder and temperature dependent elastic moduli

In this paper, we construct the equations of generalized thermoelasicity for a non-homogeneous isotropic hollow cylider with a variable modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity based on the Lord and Shulman theory. The problem has been solved numerically using the finite element method. Numerical results for the displacement, the temperature, the radial stress, and the hoop stress distributions are illustrated graphically. Comparisons are made between the results predicted by the coupled theory and by the theory of generalized thermoelasticity with one relaxation time in the cases of temperature dependent and independent modulus of elasticity.     

On the theory of giant magnetoresistance (longitudinal current)

The problem of conductivity of a multilayer sample (alternating magnetic and nonmagnetic metal layers) with a current parallel to its surfaces is solved using a set of kinetic equations. Conditions at which the conductivity variations associated with changes in the type of magnetization alignment in adjacent layers reach the values on the order of initial conductivity are considered. Parameters governing the giant magnetoresistance effect and the relations between them are determined.     

考虑界面接触热阻的一维复合结构的热整流机理

建立了考虑变截面、变热导率及界面接触热阻效应的组合热整流结构的温度场及热整流系数的理论模型和有限元解.数值算例证明了本文模型及算法的可靠性,进而通过参数影响研究确定了若干几何及材料参数对结构热整流系数的影响规律,揭示界面接触热阻对热整流效果的影响机理.研究结果表明长度比、截面半径变化率、热导率、边界条件温差和界面接触热阻等因素必须通过优化设计才能得到最大的热整流系数,同时界面接触热阻的引入也为调控热整流系数提供了一条新的途径.     

两相复合材料有效热导率的理论推导

复合材料有效热导率的解析表达式一直是传热问题中人们想要解决的问题.本文选用合适的单元体,采用热阻模型和积分平均方法,分别对分散相为球体和圆柱体的两相复合材料的有效热导率进行了推导.对于多孔复合材料,当孔隙率较大或温度较高时辐射换热的影响不能忽略,本文分析了气孔为球体或圆柱体时辐射换热对其有效热导率的影响.将计算所得有效热导率与相关实验数据进行了比较,结果表明两者吻合较好,证明了公式的准确性.     

Influence of inner and outer walls electromagnetic properties on the onset of a stationary dynamo

To study the onset of a stationary dynamo in the presence of inner or outer walls of various electromagnetic properties, we propose a simple 1D-model in which the flow is replaced by an alpha effect. The equation of dispersion of the problem is derived analytically. It is solved numerically for walls of different thicknesses and of electric conductivity and magnetic permeability different from those of the fluid in motion. We also consider walls in the limit of infinite conductivity or permeability.