La0.7Sr0.3Co1-xFexO3催化剂氮氧化物储存及抗硫性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法通过在静态空气中700°C焙烧制备了不同Fe掺杂量的La0.7Sr0.3Co1-xFexO3(x=0,0.2,0.6,1.0)系列钙钛矿催化剂.考察了Fe掺杂量对催化剂的结构、氮氧化物储存、抗硫及再生性能的影响.研究结果表明:在La0.7Sr0.3CoO3钙钛矿B位用Fe部分取代Co,可有效提高SrCO3物相的分散,X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示样品中基本为钙钛矿物相.随着Fe掺杂量的增加,催化剂的NOx储存量(NSC)下降.对预硫化样品进行NOx储存测试,发现La0.7Sr0.3CoO3催化剂由于表面沉积了硫酸盐,同时钙钛矿结构也遭到了部分破坏,使得NOx储存量和NO氧化能力均大幅度下降,NOx储存量下降了64.2%,NO-to-NO2转化率从72.8%降至43.4%.掺杂Fe元素后,催化剂的抗硫性能都有不同程度的提高,特别是Fe掺杂量为60%的样品具有最佳的抗硫性能和可再生性能.与新鲜样品相比较,再生后样品的NOx储存量仅下降16.6%,而NO-to-NO2转化率为69.1%,几乎与新鲜样品相同.     

还原剂对La0.7Sr0.3Co0.8Fe0.2O3钙钛矿催化剂NOx储存性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La0.7Sr0.3Co0.8Fe0.2O3钙钛矿催化剂,考察了还原剂种类(CO,C3H6,H2)对催化剂在氮氧化物储存还原(NSR)循环前后的氮氧化物储存量(NSC)和NO-to-NO2转化率的影响.O2程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)实验结果表明,CO还原后的钙钛矿催化剂上形成了较多的氧空位,而氧空位则是一种有效的NOx储存活性中心.活性测试和傅里叶红外变换(FTIR)光谱表征结果显示:在NSR循环中,以CO为还原剂时催化剂显示了最佳的氮氧化物(NOx)储存效果.进一步的研究结果显示,当采用CO作为还原剂时,经过三次NSR循环后,催化剂中出现了Sr3Fe2O7新物相,而该物相可能具有比La0.7Sr0.3Co0.8Fe0.2O3钙钛矿更佳的NOx储存性能.综上所述,CO作为还原剂时可能使钙钛矿催化剂产生更多的氧空位以及更易于储存NOx的Sr3Fe2O7物相,这些原因使其NOx储存性能得到了大幅度改善.     

钙钛矿型稀土锰氧化物La0.7Sr0.3FexMn1—xO3的磁性和巨磁电阻效应

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了La     

碱土元素掺杂的BaFeO3钙钛矿型催化剂的NOx储存性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ba_1-xM_xFeO₃ (M=Mg, Ca, Sr; x=0, 0.1, 0.2)系列钙钛矿型NO_x储存还原(NSR)催化剂, 考察碱金属元素Mg、Ca 和Sr 的掺杂对BaFeO₃ 钙钛矿NO_x 储存和氧化性能的影响. 结果表明, 在250-400 ℃范围内Mg的掺杂提高了BaFeO₃钙钛矿的NO_x储存性能, 其中以Ba_0.8Mg_0.2FeO₃样品的NO_x储存性能最佳, 在温度350 ℃时NO_x储存量高达1200 μmol·g^-1以上, NO→NO₂转化率为53.4%. 与BaFeO₃比较,Ba_0.8Mg_0.2FeO₃样品在250 ℃进行NO_x储存时就出现了单齿硝酸盐, 并随储存温度的变化而变化, 它的数量与NO_x储存量有相同的变化趋势. 傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱结果表明, 与BaFeO₃相比, Ba_0.8Mg_0.2FeO₃样品NO_x储存量增大的原因在于: 一方面, 形成了具有A位缺陷的钙钛矿结构, 产生大量能够用于储存NO_x的氧空位; 另一方面, 未进入钙钛矿晶格的Mg元素可能以碱性氧化物的形式与NO_x作用形成了单齿硝酸盐.     

稀土锰氧化物La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xCuxO3低场磁电阻及电传输特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列多晶CMR材料La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xCuxO3（x=0%,1%,5%,10%,15%,20%）。在77-350 K温度范围内测量了样品的电阻率及磁电阻大小。实验结果发现：系列样品TC随掺杂量增加而递减;系列样品的电阻率峰及磁电阻峰在整个测温范围内随掺杂量的增加均依次被展宽直至消失,当掺杂量为x≥10%时,电阻率随温度的变化在整个测温范围内呈现绝缘相行为;同时还发现,掺杂量为x≥10%时,样品的磁电阻在整个测温区内基本表现为隧穿磁电阻。基于我们采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法提出的逾渗模型及隧穿磁电阻模型,对样品的磁电阻行为进行了很好的解释。对系列样品的ρ-T曲线进行lnρ-T^-（1/4）系拟合,发现掺杂量为x=10%样品在整个温区内的lnρ-T^-（1/4）系基本呈线性。     

BaCo1-xFexO3-δ缺陷钙钛矿NOx储存还原催化剂的制备、结构与性能

制备了B位Fe取代的BaCo1-xFexO3-δ系列缺陷钙钛矿型NOx储存还原(NSR)催化剂,考察了其储存NOx与抗硫性能;应用N2吸附-脱附,X射线衍射,红外光谱,程序升温还原和程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Fe的取代提高了BaCoO3的抗硫能力,当x=0.4时,样品具有相对最大的NOx储存量,且...     

La0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ钙钛矿催化剂表征及其催化氧化碳黑性能研究

为了研究La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)CoO_(3-δ)钙钛矿催化剂对碳黑的催化氧化过程,本研究通过研究催化剂和碳黑的两种不同接触方式,即紧密接触与松散接触,讨论了其对碳黑催化氧化过程的影响。结果表明,与松散接触和无催化剂接触条件相比,紧密接触条件下碳黑的tig(起燃温度)分别下降了89.5和157.4℃,同时随着催化剂/碳黑的比例增加,碳黑氧化的tig、tm(最大转化温度)、tf(燃净温度)均向低温区域移动,表明该催化剂对碳黑有着良好的催化氧化性能。     

钙钛矿结构B位掺杂化合物LaCO1-xFexO3的光催化活性研究

用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了钙钛矿型LaCo1-xFexO3系列化合物，使用XRD、XPS、红外和紫外等手段对其进行了表征和测定，并测定了其对活性艳红水溶性染料脱色的光催化活性．实验结果表明在B位掺杂Fea 后使LaCoO3光催化活性明显提高，当x=0．05时，即LaCo1-xFexO3的光催化活性最佳。     

稀土A-Ce-O催化剂的合成及性能研究

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法合成出了几种含铈稀土复合氧化物催化剂,运用XRD,IR等不同测试手段对复合氧化物催化剂进行了表征,测试了甲烷催化燃烧活性.XRD分析结果表明:经1200 ℃焙烧3 h后4种催化剂中Ba-Ce-O,Sr-Ce-O主要以单一相钙钛矿结构BaCeO3和SrCeO3的形式存在,La-Ce-O体系催化剂呈现面心立方晶体结构特征衍射峰,与立方结构CeO2的衍射峰相似,只是峰的位置偏向低角度;Mg-Ce-O主要以简单氧化物CeO2的相存在,在甲烷催化燃烧反应中La-Ce-O显示出了良好的催化活性,T10为510 ℃,T90为670 ℃;主相为SrCeO3的Sr-Ce-O体系催化剂的甲烷催化活性最差,T10为570 ℃,T90为743 ℃.     

含贵金属的BaZrO3 储存NOx 催化剂结构及性能研究

A series of perovskite-type BaZrO3 catalysts are prepared by the sol-gel method. Their NOx storage capacity（NSC）and the resistance of SO2 poison are measured. XRD,XPS and FT-IR techniques are also used to characterize their structures and the influence of the structures on performance. The results indicate that,after calcinations at 750 and 900 ℃,the Ba and Zr species mainly exist in the form of perovskite BaZrO3 phase,and the BaCO3 and ZrO2 phases also exist. The presence of bulk nitrate is shown by XRD and FT-IR after BaZrO3 absorbing NOx . The Rh/BaZrO3 is prepared by doping 0.5%Rh on the BaZrO3 with the impregnation method. It is found that the Rh mainly deposits on the surface of catalyst. However,the noble metals 0.5% Rh or Pt well disperse on the surface of the sample after the BaZrO3 is mixed with γ-Al2O3 in equal weight proportion. The structure of perovskite BaZrO3 may be partly broken after doping Rh or Pt,because of the reduction by hydrogen in the process of preparing samples,and then some ZrO2 is enriched on the surface. The BaZrO3 catalysts possess high NSC and high resistance ability of SO2 poison. The NSC of Rh/BaZrO3 decreases compared to that of BaZrO3 . However,the NSC of the samples Pt/BaZrO3/γ-Al2O3 and Rh/BaZrO3/γ-Al2O3 increases by 78% and 15% respectively. It is noticed that the NSC enhances for all the samples containing noble metal Pt or Rh duing the 0.01%SO2 mixed with the NO and O2 . It implies that the NO oxidation is improved by SO2 .     

La0.67Sr0.33FexMn1-xO3制备和奇特磁电阻效应

The Ln0.67Sr0.33Fe.Mn1-xO3(LSFMO)(0.05< x <0.33) systems have been synthesized by co-precipitation. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicates that these compounds are of single phase with rhombohedral structure. The resistivity of samples was measured in zero field and applied field (H=4000Oe) by a standard four-probe method. Large magnetoresistance (MR) was found in all samples. There is a resistivity transition peak in LSFMO (x ≦0.13) in which MR negative, the temperature (TP) at which the resistivity peak occurs decreases with the increasing of x. LSFMO (x=0.23) to which the large negative MR is still found is a semiconductor, It is unexpected that a peculiar alternative positive negative MR was found in LSFMO(x=0.33) which also is a semicondutor.     

Thermochemistry of La0.7Sr0.3Mn1−xFexO3 solid solutions (0<x<1)

The structure, the energetics and the internal redox reactions of La_0.7Sr_0.3Fe_xMn_1−xO₃ have been studied in the complete solid solution range 0.0<x<1.0. High temperature oxide melt drop solution calorimetry was performed to determine the enthalpies of formation from binary oxides and the enthalpy of mixing. There is a noticeable change in the energetics of the solid solution near x=0.7, which is due to the growing concentration of Fe⁴⁺ at higher Fe/(Fe+Mn) ratio. The balance between different valences of the transition metals, Mn and Fe, is the main factor in determining the energetics of the La_0.70Sr_0.30Fe_xMn_1−xO₃ solid solution.     

Magnesium substitution in Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3

Magnesium substitution in Nd_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ has been studied by neutron powder diffraction. Polycrystalline samples of nominal compositions Nd_0.7Sr_0.3Mn_1−yMg_yO₃ with y=0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 were synthesized by the standard solid-state reaction method. Rietveld refinements of the neutron powder diffraction data showed that all samples had distorted perovskite structure of orthorhombic symmetry. Mg initially preferred to substitute for Nd and only at Mg concentration greater than 0.1, a substantial substitution for Mn occurred. Our study also showed that Mg-substitution did not change the crystal structure of Nd_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃.     

Preparation and Magnetic Property of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Nanorod by Combination Sol-Gel with Molten Salt

La0.7Sr0.3MnO3（LSMO） nanorods were synthesized by a method combining sol-gel with molten salts at 950 ℃ for 10 h, which employed KCl＋NaCl（mass ratio 4：1） as eutectic molten salts. The morphologies and magnetic properties of the resulting LSMO nanorods were investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and vibrating sample magnetometer（VSM） measurements. It was found that the obtained perovskite manganite LSMO was a uniform nanorod with a diameter of about 50 nm and a length of longer than 500 rim. The Curie temperature（To） of the LSMO nanorod used here was 262 K, much lower than that of bulky single crystal LSMO（360 K）. The low Curie temperature might be a result of the great disorder near the grain boundary, which could be observed clearly from the TEM picture.     

La0.8Sr0.2Fe1-xScxO3-δ催化剂的制备、表征及甲烷催化燃烧性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐溶液燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型氧化物催化剂La_0.8Sr_0.2Fe_1-xSc_xO_3-δ (LSFS, x=0, 0.3,0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1), 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积测试等手段对催化剂进行了系统表征, 并在常压微型固定床反应器上考察了催化剂对甲烷燃烧的催化性能. 结果表明, 经空气气氛下900 °C煅烧5 h制备的LSFS均具有单一的钙钛矿结构, 在La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO_3-δ (LSF)中掺杂Sc有助于改善催化剂的抗烧结性能, 提高催化剂的比表面积. 当LSF 中的Sc 掺杂量为0.4-0.6 时, 所形成的LSFS表现出良好的甲烷催化燃烧活性, 其中Sc 掺杂量为0.5 时, 其起燃温度(T₁₀)和完全转化温度(T₉₀)分别为406和563 °C, 与La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO_3-δ和La_0.8Sr_0.2ScO_3-δ相比, T₁₀分别降低了14和87 °C; T₉₀分别降低了59和95 °C.     

掺杂型稀土双钙钛矿光催化剂La2FeTiO6葡萄糖络合法制备与表征

采用葡萄糖络合法制备了双钙钛矿型催化剂La2FeTiO6,进行不同量Sr掺杂改性。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、比表面(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、磁性与电性测试等手段对其进行表征,以可见光催化降解对氯苯酚为探针讨论了Sr掺杂对La2FeTiO6催化剂的物理化学性质及可见光催化活性的影响。结果表明:催化剂La2FeTiO6在掺杂Sr后,催化剂的可见光催化活性均有所提高,其中Sr掺杂量为0.08时,催化剂的光催化活性提高最大,光照1 h时对氯苯酚的降解率就已经达到了90%,5 h后降解率达到99.2%。La2FeTiO6通过Sr掺杂改性后光照5 h降解率提高了37.1%。比表面测试和程序升温还原试验结果表明,碱土金属Sr的掺杂提高了催化剂的比表面,促进了双钙钛矿La2FeTiO6中Fe的还原,使其还原峰面积增大,还原温度也有所降低。电性和磁性测量结果说明,碱土金属Sr的掺杂明显影响其催化剂的电磁性能。     

Thickness Impacts of Vacancy Defects in Epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3Thin Films Using Slow Positron Beam

Thickness effects of thin La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ (LSMO) films on (LaAlO₃)_0:3(Sr₂AlTaO₆)_0:7 sub-strates were examined by a slow positron beam technique. Doppler-broadening line shape parameter S was measured as a function of thickness and differnt annealing conditions. Re-sults reveal there could be more than one mechanism to induce vacancy-like defects. It was found that strain-induced defects mainly influence the S value of the in situ oxygen- ambience annealing LSMO thin films and the strain could vanish still faster along with the increase of thickness, and the oxygen-deficient induced defects mainly affect the S value of post-annealing LSMO films.     

Effects of magnesium substitution on the magnetic properties of Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3

Effects of magnesium substitution on the magnetic properties of Nd_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ have been investigated by neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements on polycrystalline samples of composition Nd_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃, Nd_0.6Mg_0.1Sr_0.3MnO₃, Nd_0.6Mg_0.1Sr_0.3Mn_0.9Mg_0.1O₃, and Nd_0.6Mg_0.1Sr_0.3Mn_0.8Mg_0.2O₃. The pristine compound Nd_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ is ferromagnetic with a transition temperature occurring at about 210 K. Increasing the Mg-substitution causes weakened ferromagnetic interaction and a great reduction in the magnetic moment of Mn. The Rietveld analyses of the neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data at 1.5 K for the samples with Mg concentration, y=0.0 and 0.1, show ferromagnetic Mn moments of 3.44(4) and 3.14(4) μ_B, respectively, which order along the [001] direction. Below 20 K the Mn moments of these samples become canted giving an antiferromagnetic component along the [010] direction of about 0.4 μ_B at 1.5 K. The analyses also show ferromagnetic polarization along [001] of the Nd moments below 50 K, with a magnitude of almost 1 μ_B at 1.5 K for both samples. In the samples with Mg substitution of 0.2 and 0.3 only short range magnetic order occurs and the magnitude of the ferromagnetic Mn moments is about 1.6 μ_B at 1.5 K for both samples. Furthermore, the low-temperature NPD patterns show an additional very broad and diffuse feature resulting from short range antiferromagnetic ordering of the Nd moments.