头孢孟多酯钠的LC-MS分析

头孢孟多酯钠(cefamandole nafate)是头孢孟多(cefamandole)的前体药物,头孢孟多对多数革兰氏阳性球菌有较强的抗菌作用,用于敏感菌所致的肺部感染、尿路感染、胆道感染等.     

牛奶中链霉素与双氢链霉素残留检测的液相色谱-串联质谱法研究

链霉素(streptomycin)是从放线菌属灰链丝菌培养液中提取的一种氨基糖苷类抗生素,兽医临床上常用于预防和治疗革兰氏阴性菌和结核杆菌等引起的感染.由于其抗菌谱广,而且价格低廉,因此在奶牛养殖业中常被大量应用于治疗奶牛乳腺炎等.     

具有高效阳性菌抗菌活性的合成多肽聚合物研究

合成了具有抗菌活性的β-氨基酸聚合物,采用核磁共振和凝胶渗透色谱表征聚合物的数均分子量,通过最低抑菌浓度实验测试了β-氨基酸聚合物对多种革兰氏阳性菌(包括多株耐药菌)的抗菌活性,并开展了可能的耐药性研究。通过细胞膜去极化实验和扫描电子显微镜探究了抗菌聚合物对革兰氏阳性菌,尤其是对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌机理。结果表明,β-氨基酸聚合物通过作用于细菌的细胞膜杀死革兰氏阳性菌从而获得高效的抗菌活性,其对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌活性最好,最低抑菌浓度为3.13μg/mL。金黄色葡萄球菌对β-氨基酸聚合物不产生耐药性,但在相同条件下测试的对照抗生素诺氟沙星的最低抑菌浓度增加了124倍,表明细菌对抗生素很快产生了耐药性。     

氟化修饰显著提高碳点的抗菌活性

本文采用支化聚乙烯亚胺和乙醇制备阳离子碳点,并在其表面接枝含氟烷基链,得到一种氟化修饰的碳点材料,其对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌以及革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌都表现出了优异的抗菌活性,而对哺乳动物细胞具有较低的毒性。通过构效关系研究发现,氟化修饰对于碳点的抗菌活性至关重要,将含氟烷基链替换成烷烃基链会极大削弱碳点的抗菌性能。本文的结果为阳离子抗菌材料的设计提供了新的思路。     

侧链带有脂肪族双季铵盐的赖氨酸的合成及抗菌性能分析

为了解决单季铵盐扩链剂所合成的聚氨酯对革兰氏阴性细菌不敏感的问题,文中合成了侧链带有脂肪族双季铵盐的赖氨酸作为聚氨酯的扩链剂(ED8)。用质谱、核磁共振对所合成的产物进行分析。最后,通过采用最低抑菌浓度(MIC)法对ED8进行抗菌性能测试发现,ED8对革兰氏阴性细菌的抗菌效果比单季铵盐扩链剂好8倍。     

基于聚谷氨酸囊泡的抗菌水凝胶

通过开环聚合(ROP)合成了两亲嵌段共聚物聚己内酯-聚谷氨酸(PCL-b-PGA),并将其自组装成囊泡,然后利用聚谷氨酸的羧基原位沉积纳米银颗粒,得到了抗菌囊泡. 最后,将抗菌囊泡与普朗尼克F127基体混合,制备了抗菌水凝胶. 实验结果表明抗菌囊泡对典型革兰氏阴性菌如大肠杆菌和典型革兰氏阳性菌如金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC90(抑制90%菌株生长的最低浓度)分别为10和20 μg mL?1. 平板菌落计数法表明抗菌水凝胶对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC50(抑制50%菌株生长的最低浓度)为30 μg mL?1,MIC90为60 μg mL?1. 外敷法抗菌实验也证明了水凝胶具有优异的抗菌效果,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC50为7.5 μg mL?1,MBC(最小杀菌浓度)为30 μg mL?1.     

纳米银/二甲基砜/聚乳酸-乙醇酸静电纺丝人工敷料的制备及生物评价

采用静电纺丝方法制备了纳米银(n-Ag)/二甲基砜(MSM)/聚乳酸-乙醇酸(PLGA)抗菌人工敷料. 通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)和能量离散X射线光谱(EDX)研究敷料的微观结构及表面元素组成. 同时对敷料的力学性能、 吸水性、 细胞相容性及抗菌性进行测试, 结果表明, 该敷料内部纤维呈交叉的网格状结构, 互相连结, 随着n-Ag含量的增加, 纤维的力学强度逐渐增大, 吸水性能逐渐增强. 当n-Ag质量分数达到1%以上时, 敷料对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌具有良好的抗菌活性. 细胞实验结果表明, 当n-Ag含量在0.01%～10%之间时, 敷料属无毒性或低毒性; 当其含量小于1%时, 有助于细胞的生长和增殖. 因此, 该敷料具有良好的细胞相容性和抗菌性能.     

Nd、Er—氟哌酸配合物的合成、结构及其抗菌活性

引言 氟哌酸(norfloxacin),属于含氟喹诺酮类化合物,是一种八十年代发展起来的广谱抗菌药。在临床上,它已被广泛用于尿道感染、肠道感染等领域,疗效显著。此外,在烧伤领域及对性病的治疗中也得到了应用。为了考察金属离子对氟哌酸抗菌作用的影响,探测氟哌酸抗菌作用的本质,我们合成了氟哌酸与Nd~(3+)、Er~(3+)形成的固体配合物(它们在水和甲醇中的溶解度都明显优于氟哌酸),并对其结构进行了初步探讨,又将它们分别对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌)和革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)采用纸片扩散法进行了抗菌活性实验。     

二氧化钛纳米棒的制备及抗菌性能研究

通过一种简单的水热法制备了TiO2纳米棒。采用微量稀释法研究TiO2纳米棒对绿脓杆菌的抗菌性能,细菌菌落计数基于光密度测试在96孔细胞培养板上生长的细菌给出。抗菌结果表明,TiO2纳米棒对革兰氏阴性菌（绿脓杆菌）表现出明显的抗菌效率。TiO2纳米棒对绿脓杆菌的抗菌效率达到95.2%。结论：TiO2纳米棒具有优异的抗菌性能。     

基于自组装技术制备硫酸链霉素修饰电极及其对DNA的检测

抗生素(antibiotics)又称抗菌素,是由一些微生物合成的、能抑制或杀灭某些病原体的化学物质.由于抗生素对革兰氏阳性菌及革兰氏阴性菌等引起的多种感染有良好的杀灭和抑制作用,被广泛地应用于临床、兽药、农业等方面,但是抗生素在动物性食品中的残留对人体的危害也越来越引起人们的关注,因此对于抗生素检测的研究开发得到迅速发展.硫酸链霉素为氨基酸糖苷类抗生素,临床上主要用于治疗结核病及敏感革兰氏阴性杆菌感染.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.