CPA方程计算醇+卤代烃体系气液相平衡

醇+卤代烃混合体系,尤其是乙醇、三氟乙醇(TFE)等与卤代烃的混合工质在吸收式制冷、热泵、蒸气动力循环等领域中有着重要的应用.CPA方程可以描述缔合流体的性质,用于含醇类组元的混合体系气液相平衡性质描述.本文首先从纯物质饱和性质实验数据回归得到了CPA方程参数;将CPA方程应用于醇+卤代烃混合体系的气液相平衡计算,采用并比较了2种缔合方案;比较了CPA方程与G~E-EoS模型的相平衡计算效果.CPA状态方程在揭示分子间相互作用的基础上可准确描述醇+卤代烃混合体系的气液相平衡性质.     

由剩余熵预测流体的黏度性质

对于许多化工过程,流体的黏度是十分重要的参数,对其进行预测具有重要的意义。本文通过自由体积理论将扩散系数与剩余熵联系起来,同时又根据Stokes-Einstein方程,结合自扩散系数的Lennard-Jones链方程,获得了一个计算Lennard-Jones链流体黏度性质的方程。其计算值与分子模拟相比较,误差为4.48%;对于真实流体甲烷和乙烷,其黏度系数计算误差分别为5.59%和7.01%。     

稠密流体导热系数和粘度计算的新方程

根据热力学面上流体无量纲化剩余迁移性质曲线与对比密度曲线的相似性,通过关联无量纲化剩余导热系数和粘度与对比密度的方程,提出了一个推算卤代烃制冷工质稠密流体迁移性质状态方程。在常压下迁移性质计算的基础上,应用该方程只要已知物质的临界参数、分子量和偏心因子便可以计算稠密流体（气相或液相）的导热系数和粘度。该方法的提出使得迁移性质的计算像平衡性质一样通过状态方程便可以求出。与实验数据比较,本方法计算导热系数的总平均偏差为 4.8％,最大偏差为18.0％;计算粘度的总平均偏差为4.4％,最大偏差为 15.6％。     

基于表面磁感应强度的铁磁构件应力恒磁表征方法

便捷获取铁磁承载构件应力对维护基础设施安全具有重要意义.其关键在于准确快速地确定随应力变化灵敏度高、线性度好的表征参数.现有电磁检测法一般在时变磁场线圈激励下,逐点分析实验结果来确定合适的表征参数,会带来线圈发热、涡流影响结果的问题,表征磁参数的确立繁琐.为此,本文提出基于表面磁感应强度的铁磁构件应力恒磁表征方法,采用永磁恒定磁化器产生全局衰减局部均匀的空间变化磁场作激励,用正交磁场测量单元拾取构件表面轴向和法向磁感应强度以表征应力.着重阐述基于表面磁感应强度的应力表征原理：根据退磁场理论、磁场强度切向连续性和磁场高斯定理,建立表面轴向和法向磁感应强度关于应力导函数之间的关系方程.最后开展实验验证.结果表明：根据该关系方程可快速准确地确定随应力灵敏度最高的表面磁感应强度,且其随应力变化线性度较好,拟合优度R²大于0.98,可作为应力表征磁参数.本文所提方法可为在线检测铁磁构件应力提供新途径.     

CCD光谱辐射计的非线性特性建模与校正

采用自主研制的CCD光谱辐射计,对CCD探测器的积分时间和光强灰阶2个关键参数的非线性参数依赖特性进行实验与建模,给出CCD的微分非线性量化表征函数,并以此为基础实现CCD在多级尺度下自动积分时间调整测量的非线性修正.以激光作为输入光源进行双参数调节响应特性测试,并对CCD光电转换非线性特性进行分析.根据数据集曲线族的结构特征重构数据表征空间,在新的表征坐标下进行CCD的参数依赖非线性变化关系的拟合建模.结果表明,在多级尺度范围内,该模型能够通过2个参量描述CCD光谱辐射计产生的非线性偏差变化的精确函数关系,即实现了相关双参数在CCD光电转换过程中产生非线性偏差现象的精准量化表征.采用该模型进行非线性校正后与监测功率计进行比较,发现该模型能够有效地将非线性偏差降低至±2%以内.     

强非局域介质中的二维自相似孤子波

利用自相似方法研究了强非局域介质中的二维孤子波,得到了强非局域薛定谔方程的精确自相似解.该解可以用惠克斯函数米描述.研究表明,在该种介质中存在孤子群,以自相似的方式传输,通过选择光孤子参数,高阶光孤子可以存在不同的形式,如高斯光孤子族、涡旋光孤子族、对称性单层光孤子族和多层光孤子族、不对称单层光孤子族和多层光孤子族.通过数值模拟,进一步证明孤子群在传输过程中的稳定性.     

线型分子势能函数及第二维里系数计算

本文以两中心的Lennard—Jones（2CLJ）流体为研究对象,通过引入与温度相关的势能参数,提出了改进型的2CLJDQP势能函数模型。应用此模型计算了乙烷（C2H6）、六氟乙烷（C2F6）、氟甲烷（CH3F）、氯甲烷（CH3C1）、1,1,1-三氟乙烷（CH3CF3）、二氟乙烷（CH3CHF2）的第二维里系数,较...     

一类S-mKdV方程族及其扩展可积模型

由loop代数的一个子代数出发，构造了一个线性等谱问题，再利用屠格式计算出了一类Liouvelle意义下的可积系统及其双Hamilton结构，作为该可积系统的约化，得到了著名的Schrdinger方程和mKdV方程，因此称该系统为S-mKdV方程族.根据已构造的的子代数，又构造了维数为5的loop代数的一个新的子代数，由此出发设计了一个线性等谱形式，再利用屠格式求得了S-mKdV方程族的一类扩展可积模型.利用这种方法还可以求BPT方程族、TB方程族等谱系的扩展可积模型.因此本方法具有普遍应用价值.最后作为特例，求得了著名的Schrdinger方程和mKdV方程的可积耦合系统.     

直喷式柴油机有害排放物生成的数学模型

本文提出了一个新的包括计算碳烟和NO_x生成历程及排放浓度的准维多区燃烧模型.该模型以二维气相喷注计算为基础,考虑到中小缸径直喷式柴油机的特点,推导了壁面喷注过程空气卷吸率方程;改进了喷雾区和空气区散热量的计算公式;建立了柴油机碳烟生成与氧化子模型.模型计算结果与实际柴油机实验结果相当吻合,对发动机变工况、变参数具有较好的适应能力.     

Correlation of Cooperatively Localized Rearrangement on the “Fluidized Domain” of Polymers to Their Nonexponentially Viscoelastic Behaviors at Double Aging Processes (I): A Set of Reduced Universal Equations on the Stress Relaxation Modulus and Creep Comp

基于α-和β-微区、微晶、交联和缠结链组网络结构和非线性粘弹性复相涨落模型,提出了双重(物理和力学)老化下不同尺寸和末端向量高分子链组的流动化微区内关联性局部化重排动力学新理论,它能把初级α-微区的降解作用和次级β-微区的再生效应对剪切速率、尺寸大小和温度依赖性有机结合起来．然后用统计力学和动力学结合法计算了三种不同类型高聚物在等温等压双重老化过程中多元链组的总构象改变自由能,证实了它起源于多元链组的尺寸大小、形状和体积的变化．推导出了它们单向拉伸下的本构方程、应力松弛模量和蠕变柔量表征式以及它们相对应的两组对比态普适方程．结果表明该两组对比态下应力松弛模量和蠕变柔量普适方程均具有同K-W-W伸展指数函数完全一致的形式．最终又建立了该两组对比态普适方程中三个分子参数同老化条件、温度和高聚物起始结构之间的相关性．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.