Thermal diffusion of hydrogen in zirconium with allowance for thermal stresses

The thermal diffusion of hydrogen atoms in zirconium is studied with allowance for thermal stresses. As a mathematical model, a steady-state temperature in a hollow cylinder is considered. The logarithmic coordinate dependence of this temperature allows an exact analytical solution to be obtained for a diffusion kinetics problem. The results of a theoretical analysis can serve as a test example for studying mass transfer in systems with a more complex coordinate dependence of temperature.     

Dynamic theory of thermal fluctuations with allowance for the spatiotemporal nonlocality

Previously the author showed that classical statistical mechanics for a certain class of external forces is equivalent to nonlocal hydrodynamics [1]. In the present work, formulas are derived that describe a one-to-one interrelationship between hydrodynamic nonlocality kernels and the correlation function for the thermal fluctuations of hydrodynamic quantities. This allows the spatiotemporal hydrodynamic nonlocality to be investigated in principle, for example, from spectra of molecular scattering. Analytical forms of model nonlocality kernels are discussed. Institute of Earth Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebhykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 30–33, April, 2000.     

Modeling of the active medium based on XeCl molecules with allowance for the halogencarrier regeneration process

A method of modeling of the active medium based on XeCl molecules with allowance for halogen-carrier (HCl and Cl₂) regeneration process is described, and results of modeling are presented. The influence of the regeneration rate on the emission characteristics of capacitive discharge excilamps depending on the pulse repetition frequency and the total pressure of the mixture is considered. It is demonstrated that hydrogen with partial pressure of ~2 Torr must be added to the mixture in order that to provide complete HCl regeneration in a XeCl laser.     

Acoustic sounding of the thermal and velocity structure characteristics with allowance for the turbulent attenuation

A method of simultaneous acoustic sounding of vertical profiles of the thermal and velocity structure parameters with allowance for the turbulent sound attenuation is suggested in the present work. A closed iterative algorithm that implements the suggested method is described, and results of its application for processing of measurements with the Zvuk-2 three-component Doppler sodar are given. It is demonstrated that the thermal, velocity, and acoustic refractive index structure characteristics obtained are in good agreement with the data available from the literature. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 84–90, November, 2008.     

Simulating transuranium isotope yields upon explosive nucleosynthesis with allowance for elements of process dynamics

A two-group model of transuranium isotope production under the conditions of explosive nucleosynthesis is studied. The slow neutron effect on the yields of transuranium isotopes is considered. The static model of multiple neutron capture is supplemented with features of dynamics with allowance for the adiabatic expansion of matter at t ?? 10^?6 s. The results from calculations in the two-group model for mass numbers A = 246?C257 are compared to those of the Par experiment.     

Statistical simulation of the process of acoustic radiation propagation through the moving turbulent atmosphere with allowance for refraction

The Monte–Carlo method is used to solve the problem of sound propagation through the lower plane-stratified 500-meter layer of the moving turbulent atmosphere. Quantitative estimates of the intensity of transmitted and multiply scattered radiation are obtained with allowance for the influence of the refraction effects.     

高热流密度芯片冷却的冷板设计

电子设备体积功率的剧增,对设备的散热需求越来越高,散热成为了当前电子器件设计时首要考虑的问题。在充分调研的基础上,提出了一种新型的阵列射流冲击冷板用于高热流密度芯片的冷却。该冷板是一种三层盒式结构,其中间层为流体入口区,然后由层间的射流孔分别向上下两层喷射,这样冷板上下两面均可作为热扩展的均温表面。理论模拟和实验分析均验证了该冷板具有良好的散热效果。     

Effects of Au coating on thermal stresses in stainless-to-Kovar packages

A finite-element method (FEM) analysis has been carried out on the thermally-induced stresses generated when stainless steel covers are laser-welded to Au-coated Kovar TO headers during the packaging of semiconductor lasers. In particular, the effect of varying the Au coating thickness of these stresses was investigated. Maximum stresses were found to be reduced as the Au thickness increased. This effect is attributed to the reduction in thermal gradient in the weld region provided by the increased thermal conduction of thicker Au. The result suggests that adequate Au coating thickness is important for ensuring good reliability of opto-electronic packages having laser-welded caps. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Investigation of the thermal conductivity of diamond film on aluminum nitride ceramic

Diamond films were successfully synthesized on aluminum nitride(AlN) ceramic substrates by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. The thermal conductivity of the diamond film/aluminum nitride ceramic (DF/AlN) composites was studied by photothermal deflection (PTD) technique. It has reached 2.04 W/cm K, 73% greater than that of AlN ceramic. Compared with the measurement of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, the influence of diamond films on the thermal conductivity of the composites was pointed out. The adhesion and the stresses were also studied. The unusual stability and very good adhesion of the diamond film on AlN ceramic substrate obtained is attributed to the formation of aluminum carbide. Received: 24 March 1998 / Accepted: 8 March 1999 / Published online: 5 May 1999     

Elastic scattering of electrons on nuclei with allowance for the second born approximation

In the framework of the shell model of light nuclei, the contribution to the scattering cross section of the second Born approximation due to the interference between the electric Coulomb interaction and the magnetic-dipole interaction is calculated. The case of backward scattering is considered. For not too high energies of the incident electrons, convenient approximate expressions are obtained for the correction to the cross section.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 12–15, January, 1981.     

工艺参数对PC制品光学性能的影响

用透光率/雾度测试仪测量了模具温度、熔体温度、注射压力、注射时间、保压压力、保压时间、冷却时间等工艺参数对透光率和雾度的影响。研究表明:工艺参数的变化对透光率的影响很小;模具温度、熔体温度、注射压力的升高都会导致产品光学性能的下降;保压压力和冷却时间均应取合适的值,才能获得最优的光学性能。     

Effect of thermal stresses on chip-free diode laser cutting of glass

In laser cleaving of brittle materials using controlled fracture technique, thermal stresses are used to induce a crack and the material is separated along the cutting path by extending this crack. In this study, a glass sheet is stressed thermally using a 808-940 nm diode laser radiation. One of the problems in laser cutting of glass with controlled fracture technique is the cut deviation at the leading and the trailing edges of the glass sheet. In order to avoid this damage it is necessary to understand the stress distributions which control crack propagation. A study is conducted here to analyse the cut deviation problem of glass by examining the stress fields during diode laser cutting of soda-lime glass sheets. Optical microscope photographs of the breaking surface are obtained to examine the surface quality and cut path deviation while the latter is explained from the results of the stress fields which are obtained from a finite element simulation.     

Effect of thermal stresses on the phase transition temperature in a ferroelectric-dielectric nanocomposite

The mechanism of an increase in the phase transition temperature of a ferroelectric-dielectric nanocomposite above the corresponding temperature of an unbounded homogeneous ferroelectric has been revealed. The significant thermal stresses induced in the composite material due to the difference in the thermal and elastic characteristics of its components affect the polarized state of the ferroelectric component via the electrostrictive coupling and can lead to an increase in the phase transition temperature of the composite.     

Study on cooling process of cryogenic system for superconducting magnets of BEPCⅡ

In the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider(BEPCⅡ),three superconducting magnets are employed to realize the goal of two orders of magnitude higher luminosity.A cryogenic system with a total capacity of 0.5 kW at 4.5 K was built at the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)to support the operations of these superconducting devices.For preparing the commissioning of the system,the refrigeration process Was simulated and analyrzed numerically.The numerical model Was based on the latest engineering progress and focused on the normal operation mode.The pressure and temperature profiles of the cryogenic system are achieved with the simulation.The influence of the helium mass flow rates to cool superconducting magnets on the thermodynamic parameters of their normal operation is also studied and discussed in this paper.     

主动式冷却系统微型化发展现状

常规的制冷系统在一些特殊场合下不能用作消除热害的理想解决方案.得益于微系统工艺和微尺度传热传质理论的不断完善,以蒸气压缩系统、吸收式系统和热电系统为代表的主动冷却系统在微型化和轻量化方面取得显著进展.文中基于国内外最新文献分别介绍了这三种主动冷却系统的优、缺点及发展现状,通过实例对比说明蒸气压缩系统具有较大发展潜力,就...     

Analysis of interfacial thermal stresses for damaged structures: new theoretical model

The use of the composites for the reinforcement of the beams and structures metallic and non-metallic, is one of the recent methods of the rehabilitation by composites, what permits to replace the classic techniques of the assembly based on soldering, bonding, etc. But this technique gives stresses concentrations to the level of the zone of the assembly. The methods of rehabilitation by composites permit to prolong the life span of these structures under a reduced exploitation cost and with less pollution to the environment. In this article, an original survey on the stresses between the structure and the composite (fiber reinforced polymer [FRP]) was finalized, taking account, as well, of the mechanical and thermal loadings, as well as the effects of deformation shear lag. This originality puts in evidence a new theoretical model which takes into account the thermal effect of the stresses concentration that has not been treated seriously by the previous studies.