芬布芬电化学行为的线性扫描极谱法研究

应用线性扫描极谱法研究芬布芬的电化学行为.在0.2mol.L-1Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲溶液(pH6.86)中,芬布芬于-1.38V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,其一次微分线性扫描峰电流与芬布芬浓度呈良好的线性关系,浓度范围1.6～200.0mg.L-1,相关系数r=0.9958(n=10),检出限为0.8mg.L-1.以80.0mg.L-1芬布芬溶液作6次平行试验,RSD为0.73%,回收率在97.7%～109.2%之间.芬布芬的此一电化学特性可用于其片剂含量测定.     

碲的极谱催化波研究进展

碲是一种有毒和致畸元素,也是重要的材料元素,碲的一种重要分析方法就是极谱催化波,碲的极谱催化波包括平行催化波,催化氢波以及络合物吸附(催化)波。此文就近年来碲的极谱催化波的研究现状进行评述,引用文献42篇。     

极谱催化波的机理研究及应用

本文评述七五期间北京大学化学系电分析化学小组完成国家自然科学基金项目《极谱催化波的机理研究及应用》的成果和进展。内容分三个部分：一、极谱催化波的机理研究。二、稀土及某些元素络合吸附波的新体系。三、催化波和络合吸附波在植物生理研究中的应用。各了具体例子并谰议了电分析化学与生物化学交叉学科发展的前景。     

碘酸钾存在时极谱催化波法测定甘草酸

碘酸钾存在时极谱催化波法测定甘草酸过玮，赵明仁，宋俊峰，柳芸（西北大学电分析化学研究所，西安，７１００６９）关键词甘草酸，有机去极剂，极谱催化波，药物分析有机化合物尤其是生物活性物质作为有机去极剂在氧化剂存在时有无它们自身的极谱催化波，对电分析化学和...     

有机化合物极谱催化波研究的进展

评述有机化合物极谱催化波研究的进展．建议有机化合物极谱催化波的主要类型及其命名分别为：(1)平行催化波,包括平行催化波、诱导吸附-平行催化波和缔合-平行催化波;(2)平行催化氢波,包括平行催化氢波和缔合-平行催化氢波．简要介绍蛋白质、黄酮类化合物、甾族类化合物、醌类化合物、α,β-不饱和羰基化合物、含氮化合物和荷电表面活性剂等不同种类有机化合物的极谱催化波及其应用．     

双烯醇酮乙酸酯的极谱催化波及应用研究

采用线性扫描极谱技术,研究了在H2O2存在下双烯醇酮乙酸酯的极谱催化波。结果表明,在pH 4.0±0.5的B-R缓冲溶液、8.0×10-3mol/L H2O2溶液和0.1 mol/L KCl底液中,双烯醇酮乙酸酯于-1.01 V处产生一极谱催化波;其一阶倒数峰电流与双烯醇酮乙酸酯的浓度在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-7mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,iP′=1.384×1011c 2.374×104(nA/s),相关系数r=0.9991;讨论了极谱催化波的产生机理。     

极谱催化波法测定地塞米松

基于地塞米松在过硫酸钾存在下产生的极谱催化波 ,拟定了测定地塞米松的新方法。与基于还原波的差分脉冲极谱法相比 ,本方法用线性变位极谱法获得的分析灵敏度提高了两个数量级。在 2 .0× 10 - 3mol LH2 SO4 ～ 2 .0× 10 - 2 mol LK2 S2 O8底液中 ,地塞米松于 - 1 0 8V (vs .SCE)处产生一极谱催化波 ,其二阶导数峰电流与地塞米松浓度在 3.2× 10 - 8～ 3.2× 10 - 7mol L范围内呈线性关系 (r =0 .9994 ,n =6 ) ,检出限为 1.0×10 - 8mol L。讨论了极谱催化波产生的机理。     

薯蓣皂甙元的极谱催化波及其应用

采用线性扫描极谱技术,研究了薯蓣皂甙元(C27H42O3,简称皂素)的极谱催化波及应用。结果表明,在pH=5.3±0.5的BR缓冲溶液、0.1mol/LKCl和8×10-3mol/LH2O2的底液中,皂素产生极谱催化波,其一阶导数波的峰电位在-1.05V(vs.SCE)处,峰电流与皂素浓度在1.0×10-8～8.0×10-8mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,线性回归方程:i′P=7.322×108c+3.919(μA/s),相关系数r=0.9984,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L;该波为不可逆吸附、平行催化波。建立了测定皂素的新分析方法,并测定了黄姜中皂素的含量。     

铕（Ⅲ）—邻菲罗啉极谱催化前波的机理研究

本文用交流极谱、脉冲极谱、循环伏安法以及紫外吸收光谱等多种实验手段,研究并提出了铕(Ⅲ)-邻菲罗啉催化前波是配位体架桥的反应机理。     

过硫酸钾存在下吸附缔合/平行催化波法测定酮洛芬

应用线性扫描极谱法和循环伏安法,在0.10 mol/L NH4C l-NH3.H2O(pH 9.5)-0.01 mol/L K2S2O8底液中,对酮洛芬(KPF)的电化学行为进行了研究。在该底液中KPF于峰电位-1.37 V(vs.SCE)处产生1个灵敏的吸附缔合/平行催化波。该极谱催化波中S2O82-有双重作用:①S2O82-作为配位体与吸附在电极表面的质子化KPF形成缔合物,引起峰电位负移;②S2O82-及其还原中间产物SO4-作为氧化KPF羰基经单电子单质子还原的自由基,产生了极谱催化,使峰电流显著增加。该极谱催化波的二阶导数峰峰电流与KPF浓度在1.97×10-8~3.94×10-6mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为6.57×10-9mol/L(3σ)。对3.94×10-7mol/LKPF溶液进行13次平行测定,RSD为1.24%。该催化波的分析灵敏度比相应还原波提高20倍。该方法已用于药剂中KPF的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.