Heat capacity and density of solutions of lithium and sodium nitrates in N-methylpyrrolidone at 298.15 K

The heat capacity and density of solutions of lithium and sodium nitrates in N-methylpyrrolidone (MP) at 298.15 K are studied by calorimetry and densimetry. The standard partial molar heat capacities and volumes (C? _p,2° and V? ₂°) of LiNO₃ and NaNO₃ in MP are calculated. The standard heat capacities C? _p,i ° and volumes V? _i ° of Li⁺ and Na⁺ ions in MP at 298.15 K are determined on the basis of a proposed scale of ionic contributions of C? _p,2° and V? ₂° values. The obtained data are discussed in relation to certain features of solvation in solutions of the investigated salts.     

The heat capacity and density of solutions of barium and tetrabutylammonium iodides in N-methylpyrrolidone at 298.15 K

The heat capacity and density of solutions of barium and tetrabutylammonium iodides in N-methylpyrrolidone (MP) were studied at 298.15 K by calorimetry and densimetry. The standard partial molar heat capacities and volumes (\(\overline {C_{p^2 }^ \circ } \) and \(\overline {V_2^ \circ } \)) of the electrolytes in MP were calculated. The standard heat capacities \(\overline {C_{pi}^ \circ } \) and volumes \(\overline {V_i^ \circ } \) of the Ba²⁺ and (C₄H₉)₄N⁺ ions in solution in MP at 298.15 K were determined. With the tetrabutylammonium ion, these values were in agreement with those calculated on the basis of the tetraphenylarsonium-tetraphenyl borate and tetraphenylphosphonium-tetraphenyl borate assumptions. The results are discussed in relation to the special features of solvation in solutions of the salts studied.     

Heat capacity and density of potassium iodide solutions in mixed N-methylpyrrolidone-water solvent at 298.15 K

The heat capacity and density of potassium iodide solutions in a mixed N-methylpyrrolidone (MP)-water solvent with a low content of the organic component are measured via calorimetry and densimetry at 298.15 K. Standard partial molal heat capacities \(\bar C_{p,2}^ \circ \) and volumes \(\bar V_2^ \circ \) of potassium iodide in MP-water mixtures are calculated. Standard heat capacities \(\bar C_{p,i}^ \circ \) and volumes \(\bar V_i^ \circ \) of potassium and iodide ions are determined. The character of the changes in heat capacity and volume are discussed on the basis of calculating additivity coefficients δ _c and δ _v upon the mixing of isomolal binary solutions KI-MP and KI-water, depending on the composition of the MP-H₂O mixture and the concentration of the electrolyte.     

The heat capacity and density of solutions of cadmium and mercury diiodides in methylpyrrolidone at 298.15 K

The heat capacity and density of solutions of cadmium and mercury diiodides in methylpyrrolidone (MP) at 298.15 K were studied by calorimetry and densimetry. The data obtained are discussed in relation to the special features of solvation and complex formation in solutions of the salts. The standard partial molar heat capacities and volumes (

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and

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) of the electrolytes in MP were calculated. The standard heat capacities

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and volumes

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of the Cd²⁺ and Hg²⁺ ions in solutions in MP at 298.15 K were determined.

     

Heat capacity and density of methylpyrrolidone solutions of sodium and potassium perchlorates at different concentrations and 298.15 K

The heat capacity and density of solutions of sodium and potassium perchlorates in N-methylpyrrolidone (MP) at 298.15 K were studied by calorimetry and densimetry. The standard partial molar heat capacities $ \bar C_{p2}^ \circ $ \bar C_{p2}^ \circ and volumes $ \bar V_2^ \circ $ \bar V_2^ \circ of NaClO₄ and KClO₄ in MP were calculated. The standard heat capacities $ \bar C_{pi}^ \circ $ \bar C_{pi}^ \circ and volumes $ \bar V_i^ \circ $ \bar V_i^ \circ of the perchlorate ion in an MP solution at 298.15 K were determined. The results are discussed with allowance for the specifics of solvation in the solutions of the salts under study. The coordination number of the ClO₄⁻ ion in an MP solution at 298.15 K was calculated.     

The standard partial molar volumes of ions in N-methylpyrrolidone at 298.15 K

The standard partial molar volumes of electrolytes and ions in N-methylpyrrolidone (MP) at 298.15 K are presented. Separate components of ionic volumes in solutions in MP at infinite dilution, \(\overline {V_i^0 } \), are considered. The influence of various volume effects on ion-solvent interactions is analyzed.     

The thermodynamic properties and solvation of lithium halides in N-methylpyrrolidone at 298.15 K

The heat capacity and density of solutions of lithium chloride, bromide, and iodide in N-methylpyrrolidone (I) were determined by calorimetry and densimetry techniques. The standard partial molar heat capacities and volumes ( $\overline {C^\circ _{p2} } $ and $\overline {V^\circ _2 } $ ) of lithium halides in I were calculated. The $\overline {C^\circ _{pi} } $ and $\overline {V^\circ _i } $ values for halogen and lithium ions in I were determined. The coordination numbers of the Li⁺, Cl^?, Br^?, and I^? ions in solutions in I at 298.15 K were calculated.     

Ion-molecular interactions in solutions of potassium and cadmium thiocyanates in N-methylpyrrolidone at 298.15 k, according to calorimetry and densitometry data

The heat capacity and density of KNCS-N-methylpyrrolidone (MP), Cd(NCS)₂-MP, and KNCS-Cd(NCS)₂-MP solutions at 298.15 K are studied by means of calorimetry and densitometry. Standard partial molar heat capacities and volumes ( $\bar C^\circ _{p,2} $ and $\bar V^\circ _2 $ ) of the studied electrolytes in MP are calculated. Standard values of heat capacity $\bar C^\circ _{p,i} $ and volume $\bar V^\circ _i $ of NCS^? ions in MP at 298.15 K are determined. Values of the heat capacity and volume changes upon the formation of the three-component system KNCS-Cd(NCS)₂-MP from binary solutions are obtained and discussed.     

Heat capacities of binary cycloalkane mixtures at 298.15 K

Volumetric heat capacities of the six binary mixtures formed from cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane and cyclooctane were determined at 298.15 K in a Picker flow microcalorimeter. Excess heat capacities obtained from the results are compred with the temperature variation of excess enthalpies from the literature.     

Calorimetric and spectroscopic studies of solutions of copper(II) and nickel(II) nitrates in water-carbamide mixtures at 298.15 K

The heat effects of mixing aqueous solutions of copper(II) and nickel(II) nitrates with water-carbamide mixtures were measured on an isothermic-shell calorimeter in the amide concentration region. An increase in the concentration of carbamide strengthened solvation in copper(II) salt solutions to a greater extent. The electronic absorption spectra were recorded at fixed concentrations of the electrolytes to find that the solvation of copper(II) and nickel(II) nitrates in water-carbamide mixtures involved intrasphere and predominantly outer-sphere cation-solvent interactions, respectively.     

Isopiestic determination of osmotic coefficients and evaluation of vapor pressures for solutions of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate in methanol at 298.15 K

The osmotic coefficients of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate in methanol have been measured by the isopiestic method at the temperature 298.15 K. Sodium iodide served as isopiestic standard for the calculation of osmotic coefficients. The Pitzer model and the self-consistent local composition (SCLC) model developed by Ananth and Ramachandran was used to fit each set of osmotic coefficients. The parameters from the fit were used to calculate the vapor pressures. The osmotic coefficient data are successfully correlated with these models, which provide reliable predictions of vapor pressures.     

Activities of the components of glycerol-water binary solutions at 298.15 K

Based on the assumption that there exists a distribution of hydrates over the hydration number, expressions for the hydration number, activity coefficients of the components, and excess Gibbs energy were obtained. It was demonstrated that the van Laar formula for the activity coefficients corresponds to the Poisson distribution of hydrates. It was established that, at a constant ratio of the variance to the mathematical expectation of the distribution of hydrate, the model’s equations adequately describe the available experimental data on the vapor pressure and water activity for the glycerol-water system over the entire concentration range.     

Concentration dependences of the heat capacity of solutions of alkali metal iodides in N-methylpyrrolidone-water mixed solvent at 298.15 K

Heat capacities of solutions of alkali metal iodides (MeI) in N-methylpyrrolidone (MP)-water mixed solvent were measured over the range of compositions. The influence of the composition of the mixed solvent on the heat capacity of MeI-MP-H₂O ternary systems is discussed. Standard partial molar heat capacities $ \bar C_{p_2 }^o $ \bar C_{p_2 }^o (MeI) in the MP-water mixed solvent at 298.15 K are calculated.     

The heat capacity of singly charged inorganic ions in methylpyrrolidone at 298.15 K

The standard partial molar heat capacities of singly charged ions in methylpyrrolidone (MP) at 298.15 K are reported. Heat capacity changes caused by the solvation of ions in MP and water are used to analyze the influence of various effects on ion-solvent interactions.     

298.15 K时斯蒂芬酸钾盐和铯盐在水和DMF中的溶解热

在298.15 K时, 采用微热量热仪测定斯蒂芬酸钾盐[K₂(TNR)(H₂O)]_n和斯蒂芬酸铯盐[Cs₂(TNR)(H₂O)₂]_n两种含能配合物在水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中的溶解热, 研究其溶解过程和溶解热化学性质. 结果表明, 两种配合物溶解于水是吸热过程, 而溶解于DMF则为放热过程, 这主要是由于溶质和溶剂的分子结构及其极性不同而导致的. 通过对实验数据计算拟合, 求得这两种配合物的溶解焓(Δ_solH)、相对表观摩尔焓(ФL_i)、相对偏摩尔焓(L_i)及稀释焓(Δ_dilH_1,2)的经验公式和标准溶解焓值(Δ_solH_m^θ).     

Heat capacities and volumes of interaction between mixtures of alcohols in water at 298.15 K

The heat capacities and densities of mixtures of aqueous solutions of normal alcohols (methanol to n-butanol) and t-butanol were measured at 298.15 K at low molalities. The results were used to calculate the thermodynamic pair and triplet interaction parameters between solutes for heat capacities and volumes. The pair parameters are approximately a linear function of the total number of carbon atoms of the two solutes. The enthalpic pair and triplet interaction parameters for (ROH + H₂O) are also reported. The temperature dependence of the pair parameters for Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, entropies, heat capacities, and volumes are discussed in terms of structural changes in the aqueous solutions.     

Dependence of bulk and viscosity characteristics of naphthalene solutions in methanol-heptane mixtures at 298.15 K

The solubility of naphthalene in methanol-heptane mixtures is studied according to isothermal saturation. Data on the density of solutions and partial and apparent molar volumes of naphthalene are obtained. Viscosity is determined using an Ubbelohde viscometer with a suspended level equipped with photoelectric circuit for flow time measurement. All measurements are performed at 298.15 K. Our results are discussed on the basis of interactions that occur in solution.     

Solubilities of imidazolium-based ionic liquids in aqueous salt solutions at 298.15 K

The solubilities of ionic liquids in the ternary systems (ionic liquid + H₂O + inorganic salt) were reported at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The examined ionic liquids are [C₄mim][PF₆] (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), [C₈mim][PF₆] (1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), and [C₈mim][BF₄] (1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate). The examined inorganic salts are the chloride-based salts (sodium chloride, lithium chloride, potassium chloride, and magnesium chloride) and the sodium-based salts (sodium thiocyanate, sodium nitrate, sodium trifluoroacetate, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium perchlorate, sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, sodium sulfate, and sodium carbonate). The effects of the cations and the anions of the ionic liquids and of the inorganic salts on the solubility of the ionic liquids in the ternary solutions were systematically compared and discussed.