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1.
Panayot K. Petrov Jožica Majda Serafimovska Sonja Arpadjan Dimiter L. Tsalev Trajče Stafilov 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2008,6(2):216-221
The influence of EDTA, carboxylic acids, amino-and hydroxocarboxylic acids, monosaccharides and humic substances on the generation
of arsines in hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) was investigated. EDTA (0.02 mol L−1), ascorbic acid (0.02 mol L−1) and glucose or fructose (0.2 mol L−1) are useful additives for levelling sensitivities for As(III), monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA). The presence
of glycine, malonic, tartaric acids, BICIN and soil humin extracts leads to differences in analytical signal response between
these arsenic species. An analytical application to the determination of the sum of As(III), monomethylarsonate (MMA) and
dimethylarsinate (DMA) as well as the sum of toxicologically relevant hydride forming arsenic fraction As(III) + As(V) + MMA
+ DMA in EDTA soil/sediment extracts using continuous flow HGAAS was demonstrated. The limit of detection was 0.2 mg kg−1 As. Within-day and between-day precision were in the range 3–7% and 4–10%, respectively, for arsenic contents of 0.7–25 mg
kg−1, with recoveries 95–103%.
相似文献
2.
R. Zwicker B. M. Zwicker S. Laoharojanaphand A. Chatt 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,287(1):211-216
Neutron activation analysis (NAA) methods were employed for the determination of total arsenic, and water soluble As(III)
and As(V) compounds in freshwater fish/shellfish and plant samples from Southern Thailand. Total arsenic concentrations varied
from 0.05 to 425 mg kg−1. Water soluble arsenic species were separated by solvent extraction using ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC)/methylisobutylketone
(MIBK) followed by NAA. The water soluble As(III) and As(V) levels varied from 0.07 to 26.4 and 0.03 to 22.9 mg kg−1, respectively. The As(III) and As(V) detection limits were 0.007 for fish/shellfish, 0.005 for As(III) and 0.006 mg kg−1 for As(V) in plants. This separation method allows for the determination of water soluble As(III) and As(V) using commonly
available and inexpensive laboratory equipment and chemicals, which can be coupled to a variety of quantification techniques. 相似文献
3.
S. S. Kim M. H. Baik K. C. Kang 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,281(3):577-583
The solubilities of NpO2(s) in the KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) granitic groundwater with low ionic strength were measured experimentally
and calculated by a geochemical code. Then these results were compared with each other as well as with foreign results. The
concentrations of neptunium were measured as 6·10−8−2·10−8 mol/L at a pH = 9.5–11.1 and Eh = −0.2 V, and less than 5·10−9 mol/L at a pH = 11.8–13.0 and Eh = −0.3–0.44 V. The dominant aqueous species were presumed as Np(OH)x(CO3)y
4−x−2y complexes and Np(OH)4(aq) at pH = 9.5–13 under the Eh<−0.2 V reducing condition. 相似文献
4.
Grace O. Ogunlusi Jide Ige Olayinka A. Oyetunji Jonathan F. Ojo 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2009,34(5):483-491
The kinetics of the reactions between azido-pentacyanocobaltate(III), Co(CN)5N3
3−, and iron(II) polypyridyl complexes, Fe(LL)3
2+ (LL = bipy, phen), have been studied in both neutral and acidic aqueous solutions at I = 0.1 mol dm−3 NaCl. The reactions were carried out under pseudo-first-order conditions in which the concentration of Fe(LL)3
2+ was kept constant, and the second-order rate constants obtained for the reactions at 35 °C were within the range of 0.156–0.219
dm3 mol−1 s−1 for LL = bipy and 0.090–0.118 dm3 mol−1 s−1 for LL = phen. Activation parameters were measured for these systems. The dependence of reaction rates on acid was studied
in the range [H+] = 0.001–0.008 mol dm−3. The reaction in acid medium shows interesting kinetics. Two reactive species were identified in acid medium, namely, the
protonated cobalt complex and the azido-bridged binuclear complex. The electron-transfer process is proposed to go by mixed
outer- and inner-sphere mechanisms in acid medium, in which electron transfer through the bridged inner-sphere complex (k
5) is slower than through the outer-sphere path (k
4).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
5.
Jonathan F. Ojo Jide Ige Grace O. Ogunlusi Olanrewaju Owoyomi Esan S. Olaseni 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2006,31(6):782-785
The kinetics of the reactions between Fe(phen)
3
2+
[phen = tris–(1,10) phenanthroline] and
Co(CN)5X3− (X = Cl, Br or I) have been investigated in aqueous acidic solutions at I = 0.1 mol dm−3 (NaCl/HCl). The reactions were carried out at a fixed acid concentration ([H+] = 0.01 mol dm−3) and the second-order rate constants for the reactions at 25 °C were within the range of (0.151–1.117) dm3 mol−1 s−1. Ion-pair constants K
ip for these reactions, taking into consideration the protonation of the cobalt complexes, were 5.19 × 104, 3.00 × 102 and 4.02 × 104 mol−1 dm−3 for X = Cl, Br and I, respectively. Activation parameters measured for these systems were as follows: ΔH* (kJ K−1 mol−1) = 94.3 ± 0.6, 97.3 ± 1.0 and 109.1 ± 0.4; ΔS* (J K−1) = 69.1 ± 1.9, 74.9 ± 3.2 and 112.3 ± 1.3; ΔG* (kJ) = 73.7 ± 0.6, 75.0 ± 1.0 and 75.7 ± 0.4; E
a
(kJ) = 96.9 ± 0.3, 99.8 ± 0.4, and 122.9 ± 0.3; A (dm3 mol−1 s−1) = (7.079 ± 0.035) × 1016, (1.413 ± 0.011) × 1017, and (9.772 ± 0.027) × 1020 for X = Cl, Br, and I respectively. An outer – sphere mechanism is proposed for all the reactions. 相似文献
6.
Alaa Eldin M. Abdel-Hady 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2008,33(7):873-878
A kinetic study of the oxidation of [Co(H2L)(H2O)2]2+ (H2L = N,N-bis (salicylaldehyde-1,2-diaminoethane) Schiff base) by periodate in aqueous solution was performed over pH (2.3–3.4) range,
(0.1–0.5) mol dm−3 ionic strength and temperatures 20–35 °C for a range of periodate and complex concentrations. The reaction rate showed a
first-order dependence on both reactants and increased with pH over the range studied. The effects of Cu(II) and Fe(II) on
the reaction rate were investigated over the (1.0–9.0) × 10−5 mol dm−3 range. The reaction was inhibited as the concentration of Cu(II) increased, and it was independent on Fe(II) concentrations
over the ranges studied. An inner-sphere mechanism is proposed for the oxidation pathways of both the protonated and deprotonated
CoII complex species. 相似文献
7.
Guru C. Pradhan 《Transition Metal Chemistry》1992,17(5):443-445
The kinetics of the base hydrolysis ofcis-[Co(en)2(RNH2)-(SalH)]2+ (R=Me or Et; SalH=HOC6H4CO
2
−
) were investigated in aqueous ClO
4
−
in the 0.004–0.450 mol dm−3 [OH−] range, I=0.50 mol dm−3 at 30–40°C. The phenoxide species is hydrolysed via [OH−]-independent and [OH−]-dependent paths, the latter being first order in [OH−]. The high rate of alkali-independent hydrolysis of the phenoxide species is associated with high ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ values, in keeping with the SNICB mechanism involving an amido conjugate base generated by the phenoxide-assisted NH-deprotonation
of the coordinated amine. The [OH−]-dependent path also involves the conventional SN1 CB mechanism. The rate constant, k1, for the SNICB path exhibits a steric acceleration with the increasing size of the non-labile alkylamine, whereas the rate
constant, k2, for the SN1CB path shows a reverse trend.
TMC 2578 相似文献
8.
Tomohiro Narukawa Takayoshi Kuroiwa Izumi Narushima Yasujiro Jimbo Toshihiro Suzuki Koichi Chiba 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,397(2):493-499
Arsenate [As(V)] solution reference material, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) certified reference material (CRM)
7912-a, for speciation of arsenic species was developed and certified by NMIJ, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology. High-purity As2O3 reagent powder was dissolved in 0.8 M HNO3 solution and As(III) was oxidized to As(V) with HNO3 to prepare 100 mg kg-1 of As(V) candidate CRM solution. The solution was bottled in 400 bottles (50 mL each). The concentration of As(V) was determined
by four independent analytical techniques—inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry—according to As(V) calibration solutions, which were prepared from the arsenic standard of the Japan Calibration
Service system and whose species was guaranteed to be As(V) by NMIJ. The uncertainties of all the measurements and preparation
procedures were evaluated. The certified value of As(V) in the CRM is (99.53 ± 1.67) mg kg-1 (k = 2). 相似文献
9.
Ternary complex species formed by the V3+ cation with the picolinic acid (Hpic, HL) and dipicolinic acid (H2dipic, H2L) ligands in aqueous solutions have been studied potentiometrically (25 °C, I=3.0 mol⋅dm−3 KCl ionic medium) and by spectrophotometric measurements. Application of the least-squares computer program LETAGROP to the
experimental emf (H) data, taking into account the hydrolytic V(III) species and the binary V3+–picolinic acid and V3+–dipicolinic acid complexes, shows that under the investigated conditions the following ternary complexes are formed: [V(dipic)(pic)],
[V(dipic)(pic)(OH)]− and [V(dipic)(pic)2]−. The stability constants of the ternary complexes were determined by potentiometric measurements whereas the spectrophotometric
measurements were done in order to obtain a qualitative characterization of the complexes formed in aqueous solution. 相似文献
10.
W. Menendez Sanchez B. Zwicker A. Chatt 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,282(1):133-138
A combination of solid phase extraction, coprecipitation, and neutron activation techniques has been used to develop a speciation
analysis method based on green chemistry for the major arsenic species in drinking water. Arsenate as As(V), monomethylarsonic
acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) are separated and preconcentrated by strongly anion and cation exchange columns
in tandem while As(III) remains in the effluent. These species are then selectively eluted and As(III) coprecipitated with
bismuth sulphide. This simple method has been applied to the analysis of water reference materials with good results. The
detection limits are 0.9, 1.7, 1.6, 3.8 and 16 ng mL−1 for As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA and total arsenic, respectively, using a neutron flux of 2.5 × 1011 cm−2 s−1 at the Dalhousie University SLOWPOKE-2 reactor (DUSR) facility and anti-coincidence gamma-ray spectrometry. 相似文献
11.
Reactions of e−aq, OH radicals and H atoms were studied with n-allylthiourea (NATU) using pulse radiolysis. Hydrated electrons reacted with
NATU (k = 2.8×109 dm3 mol−1 s−1) giving a transient species which did not have any significant absorption above 300 nm. It was found to transfer electrons
to methyl viologen. At pH 6.8, the reduction potential of NATU has been determined to be −0.527 V versus NHE. At pH 6.8, OH radicals were found to react with NATU, giving a transient species having absorption maxima at 400–410
nm and continuously increasing absorption below 290 nm. Absorption at 400–410 nm was found to increase with parent concentration,
from which the equilibrium constant for dimer radical cation formation has been estimated to be 4.9×103 dm3 mol−1. H atoms were found to react with NATU with a rate constant of 5 × 109 dm3 mol−1 s−1, giving a transient species having an absorption maximum at 310 nm, which has been assigned to H-atom addition to the double
bond in the allyl group. Acetoneketyl radicals reacted with NATU at acidic pH values and the species formed underwent reaction
with parent NATU molecule. Reaction of Cl.−2 radicals (k = 4.6 × 109 dm3 mol−1 s−1) at pH 1 was found to give a transient species with λmax at 400 nm. At the same pH, reaction of OH radicals also gave transient species, having a similar spectrum, but the yield
was lower. This showed that OH radicals react with NATU by two mechanisms, viz., one-electron oxidation, as well as addition to the allylic double bond. From the absorbance values at 410 nm, it has been
estimated that around 38% of the OH radicals abstract H atoms and the remaining 62% of the OH radicals add to the allylic
double bond. 相似文献
12.
Jonathan F. Ojo Jide Ige Grace O. Ogunlusi Olanrewaju Owoyomi Esan S. Olaseni 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2006,31(3):337-339
The reactions between Fe(Phen)32+[phen = tris-(1,10) phenanthroline] and Co(CN)5X3− (X = Cl, Br or I) have been studied in aqueous acidic solutions at 25 °C and ionic strength in the range I = 0.001–0.02 mol dm−3 (NaCl/HCl). Plots of k2 versus √I, applying Debye–Huckel Theory, gave the values −1.79 ± 0.18, −1.65 ± 0.18 and 1.81 ± 0.10 as the product of charges (ZAZB) for the reactions of Fe(Phen)32+ with the chloro-, bromo- and iodo- complexes respectively. ZAZB of ≈ −2 suggests that the charge on these CoIII complexes cannot be −3 but is −1. This suggests the possibility of protonation of these CoIII complexes. Protonation was investigated over the range [H+] = 0.0001 −0.06 mol dm−3 and the protonation constants Ka obtained are 1.22 × 103, 7.31 × 103 and 9.90 × 102 dm6 mol−3 for X = Cl, Br and I, respectively. 相似文献
13.
María Goncalves José Daniel Martínez Mary Lorena Araujo Felipe Brito Giuseppe Lubes Mildred Rodríguez Vito Lubes 《Journal of solution chemistry》2011,40(9):1517-1527
The complex species formed in aqueous solutions (25 °C, I=3.0 mol⋅dm−3 KCl ionic medium) between the V(III) cation and the ligands 6-methylpicolinic acid (MePic, HL), salicylic acid (H2Sal, H2L) and phthalic acid (H2Phtha, H2L) have been studied by potentiometric and spectrophotometric measurements. Application of the least-squares computer program
LETAGROP to the experimental emf(H) data, taking into account the hydrolytic species and hydrolysis constants of V(III), indicates
that under the employed experimental conditions the complexes [VL]2+, [V(OH)L]+, [V(OH)2L], [V(OH)3L]−, [VL2]+, [VL3] and [V2OL4] form in the vanadium(III)–MePic system. Were observed the complexes [VL]+, [VL2]−, [V(OH)L2]2− and [VL3]3− in the vanadium(III)–H2Sal system, and the species [VHL]2+, [VL]+, [V(OH)L], [VHL2], [VL2]−, [V(OH)L2]2−, [V(OH)2L2]3− and [VL3]3− in the vanadium(III)–H2Phtha system. The stability constants of these complexes were determined by potentiometric measurements, and spectrophotometric
measurements were made in order to perform a qualitative characterization of the complexes formed in aqueous solution. 相似文献
14.
The octahedral complex, [CoIII(HL)]·9H2O (H4L = (1,8)-bis(2-hydroxybenzamido)-3,6-diazaoctane) incorporating bis carboxamido-N-, bis
sec-NH, phenolate, and phenol coordination has been synthesized and characterized by analytical, NMR (1H, 13C), e.s.i.-Mass, UV–vis, i.r., and Raman spectroscopy. The formation of the complex has also been confirmed by its single
crystal X-ray structure. The cyclic voltammetry of the sample in DMF ([TEAP] = 0.1 mol dm−3, TEAP = tetraethylammonium perchlorate) displayed irreversible redox processes, [CoIII(HL)] → [CoIV(HL)]+ and [CoIII(HL)] → [CoII(HL)]− at 0.41 and −1.09 V (versus SCE), respectively. A slow and H+ mediated isomerisation was observed for the protonated complex, [CoIII(H2L)]+ (pK = 3.5, 25 °C, I = 0.5 mol dm−3). H2Asc was an efficient reductant for the complex and the reaction involved outer sphere mechanism; the propensity of different
species for intra molecular reduction followed the sequence: [{[CoIII(HL)],(H2Asc)}–H]− <<< {[CoIII(H2L)],(H2Asc)}+ < {[CoIII(HL)],(H2Asc)}. A low value (ca. 3.7 × 10−10 dm3 mol−1 s−1, 25 °C, I = 0.5 mol dm−3) for the self exchange rate constant of the couple [CoIII(HL)]/[CoII(HL)]− indicated that the ligand HL3− with amido (N-) donor offers substantial stability to the CoIII state. HSO3− and [CoIII(HL)] formed an outer sphere complex {[CoIII(HL)],(HSO3−)}, which was slowly transformed to an inner sphere S-bonded sulfito complex, [CoIII(H2L)(HSO3)] and the latter was inert to reduction by external sulfite but underwent intramolecular SIV → CoIII electron transfer very slowly.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
15.
Kiran A. Thabaj Deepak S. Munavalli Shivamurti A. Chimatadar Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2007,32(7):902-912
The micro amounts of iodide (10−7) (mol dm−3) and chloride (10−2) (mol dm−3) mediated oxidation of antimony(III) by cerium(IV) in an aqueous sulphuric acid medium have been studied spectrophotometrically
at 25 °C and μ = 3.10 mol dm−3. The stoichiometry is 1:2 in chloride and iodide mediated reactions. i.e. one mole of antimony(III) requires two moles of cerium(IV). In the case of chloride mediated reaction, the reaction was
first order in cerium(IV) and halide concentrations, whereas in the case of iodide mediated reaction the order with respect
to [cerium(IV)] was unity and with respect to iodide concentrations was more than unity (ca. 1.4). In both chloride and iodide mediated reactions the order with respect to antimony(III) concentrations was less than
unity. Increase in sulphuric acid concentration increased the rate. The order with respect to H+ ion concentration was less than unity. Added products, cerium(III) and antimony(V) did not have any significant effect on
the reaction rate. The active species of oxidant was understood to be
, whereas that of reductant as SbCl3 in the case of chloride and SbI2+ in case of iodide mediated reactions. The possible reaction mechanisms were proposed and the activation parameters were determined
and discussed. 相似文献
16.
The differential pulse (dp) polarograms of thiamine in neutral aqueous solutions exhibited six peaks at low depolarizer concentration
(⋦10−4 mol dm−3) and only three peaks at concentrations ≥10−3 mol dm−3. Only one of these was found to correspond to the diffusion-controlled reduction of this compound at the dme and this was
shown to be an irreversible two-electron process. The kinetic parameters derived from the dp polarograms were found to be
in good agreement with those calculated from classical polarograms and were:E
1/2=−1·261 Vvs SCE,an
a=0·54 andD≈3·5×10−6 cm2 sec−1 for 10−3 mol dm−3 thiamine in 0·1 mol dm−3 acetate buffer (pH 6·5). The reduction product has been identified as dihydrothiamine. The effect of pH on the dpp of thiamine
was studied in the pH range 0–7. In the pH region 5·5 to 7·0 only one peak attributable to the B1
+ form of thiamine is present. In the pH region 3·5–5·5 another dpp peak attributable to the protonated form (B1H2+) of thiamine was also observed. At pHs less than 3 only one peak was observed which could be attributed to the doubly protonated
form (B1 H2
3+) of thiamine. Surfactants like triton-X-100 and CTABr were found to inhibit the electroreduction of thiamine due to the strong
adsorption of these compounds on the dme. Thiamine itself was found to have an inhibitory effect on its own electroreduction,
although to a smaller extent. 相似文献
17.
The reductions of [Co(CN)5NO2]3−, [Co(NH3)5NO2]2+ and [Co(NH3)5ONO]2+, by TiIII in aqueous acidic solution have been studied spectrophotometrically. Kinetic studies were carried out using conventional
techniques at an ionic strength of 1.0 mol dm−3 (LiCl/HCl) at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C and acid concentrations between 0.015 and 0.100 mol dm−3. The second-order rate constant is inverse—acid dependent and is described by the limiting rate law:- k2 ≈ k0 + k[H+]−1,where k=k′Ka and Ka is the hydrolytic equilibrium constant for [Ti(H2O)6]3+. Values of k0 obtained for [Co(CN)5NO2]3−, [Co(NH3)5NO2]2+ and [Co(NH3)5ONO]2+ are (1.31 ± 0.05) × 10−2 dm3 mol−1 s−1, (4.53 ± 0.08) × 10−2 dm3 mol−1 s−1 and (1.7 ± 0.08) × 10−2 dm3 mol−1 s−1 respectively, while the corresponding k′ values from reductions by TiOH2+ are 10.27 ± 0.45 dm3 mol−1 s−1, 14.99 ± 0.70 dm3 mol−1 s−1 and 17.93 ± 0.78 dm3 mol−1 s−1 respectively. Values of K
a
obtained for the three complexes lie in the range (1–2) × 10−3 mol dm−3 which suggest an outer-sphere mechanism. 相似文献
18.
Mihucz VG Tatár E Virág I Cseh E Fodor F Záray G 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2005,383(3):461-466
Flow injection analysis (FIA) and high-performance liquid chromatography double-focusing sector field inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-DF-ICP-MS) were used for total arsenic determination and arsenic speciation of xylem sap of
cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in hydroponics containing 2 μmol dm−3 arsenate or arsenite, respectively. Arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)] and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were identified in
the sap of the plants. Arsenite was the predominant arsenic species in the xylem saps regardless of the type of arsenic treatment,
and the following concentration order was determined: As(III) > As(V) > DMA. The amount of total As, calculated taking into
consideration the mass of xylem sap collected, was almost equal for both treatments. Arsenite was taken up more easily by
cucumber than arsenate. Partial oxidation of arsenite to arsenate (<10% in 48 h) was observed in the case of arsenite-containing
nutrient solutions, which may explain the detection of arsenate in the saps of plants treated with arsenite. 相似文献
19.
Kannappan Santhakumar Narayanasamy Kumaraguru Sankarlingam Arunachalam Mahadevimanglam Narayanasamy Arumugham 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2006,31(4):475-481
The kinetics and mechanism of iron(II) reduction of cis- α-chloro/bromo(cetylamine)(triethylenetetramine) cobalt(III) surfactant complex ions were studied spectrophotometrically
in an aqueous acid medium by following the disappearance of CoIII using an excess of the reductant under pseudo-first-order conditions: [FeII = 0.25 mol dm−3, [H+ = 0.1 mol dm−3, [μ = 1.0 mol dm−3 ionic strength in a nitrogen atmosphere at 303, 308 and 313 K. The reaction was found to be second order and showed acid
independence in the range [H+ = 0.05−0.25 mol dm−3. The second order rate constant increased with CoIII concentration and the presence of aggregation of the complex itself altered the reaction rate. The effects of [FeII], [H+] and [ μ] on the rate were determined. Activation and thermodynamic parameters were computed. It is suggested that the reaction of
Fe2+(aq) with CoIII complex proceeds by an inner-sphere mechanism. 相似文献
20.
J. J. LaBrecque J. A. Alfonso P. R. Cordoves 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(2):405-411
As a result of routine soil sampling to determine the 137Cs background activities country-wide in Venezuela, it was decided to further investigate El Mirador (Lookout) area at the
base of the Sierra de Lema mountain range. In April 2003 (A), soil samples were collected at eight sites on and around the
edge of the diabase outcrop to confirm that this area had anomalously high 137Cs activities. In July 2003 (B), not only soil samples were collected again, but also black mat, palm tree leaves and trunks,
fruit bushes leaves and its fruit and fern leaves. The 137Cs content was measured by high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy by a comparative method with reference materials. The 137Cs activity values range from 16.3 to 30.8 Bq·kg-1 in the soil samples collected in July 2003, 20.7–32.1 Bq·kg−1 for the black mat, 26.3–38.4 Bq·kg−1 for the palm leaves, 16.8–31.2 Bq·kg−1 for the palm trunks and 17.6–27.3 Bq·kg−1 for the fruit bush leaves, while, the 137Cs activity values for the whole fruit were between 23.4 and 30.7 Bq·kg−1; but, the value of the 137Cs activity in the center of the fruit (the edible part) was 51.6 Bq·kg−1, and the value of the 137Cs activity for the fern leaves was 51.8 Bq·kg−1. Thus, most of the 137Cs activity values determined in the soil, black mat and vegetation samples from El Mirador (Lookout) were considered anomalously
high with respect to those found near the equator and in other areas of Venezuela. Only the center of the fruit from the Clusia grandiflora bushes and the fern leaves had high activity ratios, about a factor of three and could be considered as biomonitors that
concentrate and retain the 137Cs. Finally, these anomalously high 137Cs activities have been attributed not only to the rich organic soils, as sinks, but also due to the affect of the cloud forests. 相似文献