基于无线传感器网络节点采集存储系统设计

无线传感器网络是当前前沿热点研究领域;随着无线传感器网络的发展,每一个节点采集信号的精度和速率成为关键因素;本设计以FPGA、DSP作为控制核心,实现了一种可对多路信号同时高速采集的系统,采样率为72 kHz,利用流水线技术对混合编帧后的数据进行存储,存储速率为6.282 MB/s,以解决数据量传送速率的问题,并利用无线传输将传感器节点信息传入汇聚节点输出;测试结果表明:该设计可以完成对多路信号的同时采集和存储且整个系统稳定可靠。     

基于3G-ASCX的小型飞行器异常导航信号检测系统设计

传统方法在异常导航信号信噪比较低时对小型飞行器异常导航信号的检测效果不理想。设计并实现了一种基于3G-ASCX的小型飞行器异常导航信号检测系统,硬件设计时着重于ASCX传感器模块、异常导航信号检测模块、主控基站模块、3G/GPRS传输模块的研究,3G/GPRS传输模块的硬件设计中,通过功耗低体积小的CC1100完成异常导航信号的收发,传输过程中通过芯片STC12C5410AD完成电容的平衡转换,选取了MC3486进行电压的转换,最终实现异常信号数据的安全快速传输;软件设计中,系统软件流程设计及异常导航信号检测模块软件设计,最后进行仿真实验,实验结果证明,相比传统系统,所设计系统检测到的小型飞行器异常导航信号同实际测量的异常导航信号具有较高的匹配度,与实际值相比,误差小于1dB,适合推广使用。     

基于RTP/RTCP的塔机远程实时监控系统设计与实现

塔机远程安全监控模型容易受到电缆线或无线电信号的限制,大大降低塔机信号传递距离和质量,导致传统的塔机监控模型信号仅能传递几十米到几百米,无法实现塔机的远程实时监控,设计并实现了一种基于RTP/RTCP的智能塔机远程实时监控系统,采用基于C/S与B/S结合的数据链驱动无缝集成模式,设计了智能塔机远程监控模型,实现了各模块间的网络传递,主要包括嵌入式监控终端、中心服务器以及远程客户端3个模块,对中心服务器和客户端采用RTP/RTCP实现视频传递,设计了基于Ajax的Web交互式人机界面,对大规模网络数据进行实时处理分析,最终完成了塔机远程实时视频传输的过程;实验结果说明,所设计模型能够实现塔机的远程实时智能监控,具有较高的监控效率和精度。     

新一代DCS中智能温度监控系统设计与实现

传统的分布式温度监控方法存在费时费力、不便应用在特殊环境、不便用于多点融合监控等弊端,设计并实现了新一代DCS智能温度监控系统,通过核心为ARM7LPC2292芯片的下位机及时调整全部温控点的温度,自主设置温度、显示实际温度与报警;采用核心为89C51微处理器模块,将上、下位机的信息互相传递,确保上位机随时查询温度信息;通过CC2530终端节点实时采集测温终端的温度数据,将温度数据无线发送给CC2530协调器节点,不在采用传统的中转服务器方式,而是采用协调器节点通过串口与上位机进行通信,并在上位机中进行温度数据的处理和存储。软件设计过程中,对系统监控过程中上位机和下位机间的主从通信方式进行详细分析,并给出了系统温度监控数据通信传输的流程图,分析了系统实现温度监控的数据库访问代码以及温控曲线显示代码的设计。实验结果说明,所设计系统性能好、操作简单、控制准确率高。     

圈养瓶鼻海豚对20 kHz连续声信号的行为响应研究

将20 kHz连续声信号作为刺激信号,测试了厦门某海湾圈养的两只瓶鼻海豚对该信号的行为变化。通过对比信号发射期与间歇期海豚相对声源的水面距离、露出水面的次数以及水下发出的click定位声信号的数目等变化,判断发射信号对海豚行为的影响。给出了瓶鼻海豚对测试信号产生躲避行为的声压级门限(154±2 dB re 1μPa,rms),并与鼠海豚的躲避声压门限级进行了对比。结果表明:信号发射期,瓶鼻海豚移离了声源位置,增加了露出水面的次数,水下发出click声信号的次数明显减少。因此,瓶鼻海豚对20kHz连续信号产生了行为改变。      

基于CC2530的重症监护病房环境实时监测系统设计

为了实时监测ICU(intensive care unit)病房环境中湿度、温度及CO₂浓度等环境信息,设计了基于CC2530的重症监护病房环境实时监测系统,系统由重症监护病房环境感知节点、网关节点、监控终端等几个部分构成;以CC2530为主处理器完成对感知节点的软、硬件设计,根据重症监护病房湿度、温度及CO₂浓度等环境信号的特点,设计各传感器模块的驱动电路;在Z-STACK协议栈的基础上,设计感知节点软件,实现数据的转发;经测试,网关节点的收包率在80%以上,预警信号产生时间小于3 s,监控终端数据刷新能力强,该系统具有精确度高、实时性强、预警及时等特点。     

稳健声线扰动特征用于浅海小目标定位*

针对海洋环境中的信道起伏变化对基于扰动声线声压敏感核的水下小目标定位算法影响较大的问题,提出了基于稳健声线扰动特征的目标定位方法,该方法首先对海洋环境中接收声场的到达结构进行分析,提取稳态的到达成分;然后通过观测稳健声线对应的接收信号在目标穿越过程中的扰动特征提取扰动声线;最后应用扰动声线类定位方法得到水下目标的定位模糊图实现定位。在浅海港口环境中开展了蛙人穿越实验,发射信号为中心频率为22.5kHz,带宽为15kHz的线性调频信号,实验数据的处理结果表明,直达路径和一次水底反射路径受信道起伏的影响较小,通过筛选稳健声线可以将扰动声线的定位方法用于自然的海洋环境。     

基于灰色模型和改进Chan的海洋移动传感器定位

为了实现海洋水下传感器网络中的移动节点定位,并改善传统节点定位方法在应用于无人值守和复杂环境的海洋生态监控中具有的定位误差大的问题,提出了一种基于灰色模型预测和改进Chan算法的海洋移动传感器节点定位方法;首先,采用灰色模型对节点在下一时刻的采集数据进行预测,然后将预测值与实际采集值进行比较从而判断出移动节点的状态是否正常;在此基础上,采用改进的Chan算法对处于正常状态的移动节点进行定位,从而提高水下移动传感器节点的定位精度;在Matlab中进行仿真实验,实验结果表明:文中方法能在节点运动速度增加、通信半径变大和锚节点密度增加的情况下,均具有比其它方法更低的节点定位误差,具有一定的优越性。      

基于RFID和低占空比机会路由协议的冷链物流监控系统设计

针对现有冷链物流监控系统往往侧重于系统软硬件设计或仅对感知层获取的数据进行压缩融合处理,没有考虑到可靠、节能和短路径路由协议的设计,设计了一种基于RFID和低占空比机会路由协议的冷链物流监控系统;首先给出了系统总体结构框图,并对各组成部分即RFID标签,标签阅读器、节点和汇聚节点均进行了硬件设计,然后,设计了一种基于低占空比休眠机制的机会型路由协议,通过汇聚节点广播Hello数据包确定数据传输方向和邻居候选节点集,在此基础上进一步通过预测候选节点在某时刻的状态来确定是否为最终的候选节点获得转发机会;通过部署实验进行测试,结果证明文章设计的系统能实时有效地对冷链物流系统进行有效监控,较其它方法,具有数据传输路径短、数据包到达率高和数据延时短的优点,具有较大的优越性。     

基于环状检测器的WSN节点异常度双向多重检测方法

双向多重检测一直是WSN节点异常检测的难点,结合人工免疫原理提出了基于环状检测器的WSN异常度双向多重检测方法,引入人工免疫原理,设计了环状检测器,利用环状检测器能够实现对异常信号的分级,并根据小波包提取信息的异常特征信号,结合设计的环状检测器进行检测,无需知道异常信号的参数和特点,只要有正常的信号样本就能对WSN节点的早期故障进行检测,实时预警;以美国Crossbow公司生产的内置震动传感器的WSN节点进行测试,测试结果表明,环状检测器在选择合适的内径和外径后,能够准确地对WSN节点的异常进行检测,检测准确率高达95%以上,比传统系统准确率提高了35%左右,满足了WSN系统对WSN节点准确检测的要求,有效地解决了传感网络节点异常双向检测的问题。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.