基于ARM的嵌入式超声传播时间测量装置

应用超声波检测技术进行检测时,通常需对超声波在介质中的传播时间进行精准的测量,为精准测量超声波的传播时间,设计了一套基于ARM的嵌入式超声传播时间测量装置。该装置电路运行稳定,成本低廉,采用多次测量结果取算数平均值的方法以减小随机干扰,采用参比方法放置接收探头以消减电路中电子器件的延时。通过对实验结果进行分析,得出该装置可精准测量超声波在实验试块中的传播时间且满足设计要求,分辨率可达一纳秒。     

利用Σ-Δ型模数转换器解决光辐射定标中弱信号测量的设计难题

随着光学遥感仪器的迅速发展,要求光谱辐射定标技术具有前所未有的高精度和长期测量的稳定性。基于探测器的新一代辐射定标技术可以满足这一需求。多波段绝对辐亮度标准探测器是辐射定标技术中的核心仪器,这种光学遥感仪器在野外、机载和星载高精度辐射定标中具有广阔的应用前景。在多波段绝对辐亮度标准探测器的设计中,需要实现对低电平微弱信号的高精度测量,这种测量通常需要采用可编程增益放大器对信号进行放大,但它不仅会引入测量误差,而且还会增加系统的复杂性。通过采用一种低噪声高精度Δ Σ型模数转换器(ADC),解决了多波段绝对辐亮度标准探测器中弱信号高精度测量的设计难题,为光辐射精确计量领域中经常面临的低电平弱信号的高精度检测提供了一种有效的途径。     

红外光学材料折射率温度系数测量装置

本文介绍一台红外光学材料折射率温度系数测量装置。该装置是由温控系统、精密测角系统、光学系统和电器控制系统等组成的一台高精度全自动化测量系统，采用改进的自准直法测量折射率温度系数值。该装置达到的主要技术指标：工作波长为2～12μm，温度范围为-50～150℃，测量不确定度为3%，可满足各种红外光学材料折射率温度系数测量的要求。利用该装置对红外材料锗折射率温度系数值进行了测量，并对测量数据进行了报道。     

基于激光位移测量技术的汽车侧滑台校准装置研究

针对汽车侧滑试验台动态检定和校准的实际需求,研制了一种基于激光位移测量技术的非接触式汽车侧滑试验台动静态校准装置。所提装置采用非接触式测量方法,利用了激光位移测量技术,同时采用丝杠运动控制技术,实现了侧滑量的非接触式测量,可以对汽车侧滑试验台动进行动态校准和静态校准。有效溯源表明,基于激光位移测量技术的所提装置完全达到并超过了JJG 908-2009《汽车侧滑检验台检定规程》对于标准器的计量技术指标要求。所提装置的使用及后续推广应用将有助于推动激光位移测量技术在高精度计量检测领域的应用,具有较高的示范作用和应用价值。     

基于高精度轮廓线激光的芯片引脚共面度视觉检测系统

实现了一种基于数字信号处理技术的高精度轮廓线激光视觉检测装置。激光视觉检测装置采用了蓝色激光光学系统,以DSP芯片为核心对采集到的数字信号进行处理和分析;取样速度达1.28×10~7点/s。利用所述激光装置和气浮运动平台,实现了对SOP和QFP芯片引脚等小型电子部件高精度检测。所述激光装置可应用于生产线或设备上移动的产品,如黑色和光泽表面的轴承、木材或者石膏等的准确测量。     

活塞圆筒容器中铁磁居里温度的一种测量方法

 本文介绍了在活塞-圆筒型装置中建立的高压下原位测量居里温度的方法。采用简单的测量电路，不需要锁相放大器等精密仪器，系统仍具有较高的灵敏度，足以满足测量小样品的要求。合理的高压组装结构保证了测量的成功率。实验结果表明，测量的重复性误差小于±1 ℃。     

HIAF电子冷却装置高精度线圈磁轴测量

强流重离子加速器装置（HIAF）将采用电子冷却技术,降低重离子束流的发射度和动量分散,提高核物理及原子物理实验的精度与亮度。电子冷却装置的冷却段磁场均匀度是影响冷却效率的主要参数,HIAF电子冷却装置采用多个独立高精度线圈串联产生纵向磁场的设计,获得极高的冷却段磁场均匀度。本文介绍了一种测量高精度线圈磁轴偏角的装置,采用定位装置测量线圈的几何对称轴,通过旋转霍尔探头测量线圈中心平面上的径向与轴向磁场分布,再根据磁场测量数据计算出线圈磁轴与几何对称轴之间的偏角。实际测量表明该装置的磁轴偏角测量精度达到±0.10 mrad。测量得到的HIAF电子冷却装置冷却段线圈样品的磁轴偏角为（1.28±0.10）mrad,达到设计要求。     

一种自适应安装的高精度图像式角位移测量装置

采用图像探测器的角位移测量技术可实现高精度高分辨力角位移测量。为提高角位移测量装置的鲁棒性,本文设计了一种自适应安装的高精度图像式角位移测量装置。其装调过程非常简便,且可以保证在标定光栅存在偏心时具有高分辨力和高精度测量输出。首先,提出了基于双线阵图像传感器的测角装置设计原理,并设计了单圈绝对式标定光栅。然后,采用基于质心算法的高分辨力细分算法进行细分,并采用双线阵图像传感器对测角误差进行误差补偿。最后,设计实验装置测试自适应安装的性能。实验结果表明,当标定光栅的偏心度在±1 mm以内时,所设计装置可以实现高精度和高分辨力的角位移测量。本文所设计的装置可以在标定光栅存在±1 mm的安装偏心时保证输出精度,为小型角位移测量装置适应性的提高给出了解决方案。     

红外光学系统焦距测量装置校准规范说明

红外光学系统焦距测量装置是红外光学系统焦距校准和检测的技术手段之一。红外光学系统焦距测量装置校准规范不仅应用于计量部门，保证计量部门日常校准工作的准确性、一致性和可溯源性，同时为红外光学系统焦距测量装置生产部门提供了技术依据，满足红外光学系统焦距测量装置用户在申请各种认证过程中对红外光学系统焦距测量系统的要求。简要介绍红外光学系统焦距测量装置校准规范的主要构成和主要参数校准方法及不确定度评定。     

高精度V棱镜折射仪光机结构设计

针对传统V棱镜折射仪采用光学度盘,目视对准方式无法满足现代光学玻璃生产线以及高精度折射率测量的需求。提出一种新型的高精度基于CCD 机器视觉对准的V棱镜折射仪的总体设计方案,并对准直光管、传动机构、锁紧和微调机构以及轴角编码测角机构等主要组成部分进行了光机结构设计。在考虑空气折射率影响因素的修正公式的基础上,分析了仪器的检测误差。实验结果表明:其折射率检测精度可达 310-6,满足了高精度V棱镜折射仪的技术指标要求。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.