基于噪声特性的大气湍流退化图像多帧盲反卷积复原

由于大气湍流和噪声的影响,造成观测目标图像的退化.为了目标的精确观测,根据噪声特性,结合符合物理意义的约束条件,提出了新的大气湍流图像盲反卷积复原最小化模型,并以共轭梯度数值优化方法交替迭代求解,复原观测目标图像.为验证提出的算法的有效性,在计算机上模拟参数为望远镜口径为2.0 m,大气相干长度为0.1 m,图像信噪比为10 dB的大气湍流退化和噪声污染的图像,以提出的盲反卷积复原方法复原,实验结果表明,提出的盲反卷积复原算法避免了传统的盲反卷积复原算法的缺陷,有效地克服大气湍流和噪声的影响,复原出了清晰的观测目标图像.该图像盲反卷积复原方法的研究,对地基望远镜的观测有重要的基础性作用.     

基于总变分的湍流退化噪声图像盲反卷积复原

根据总变分的噪声抑制特性和大气湍流成像过程,建立了基于总变分的大气湍流噪声图像多帧盲反卷积复原最小化模型,以基于共轭梯度数值优化方法的交替迭代算法求解,复原出了观测目标的清晰图像。在计算机上模拟了湍流退化和噪声污染图像。实验结果表明,该复原算法能有效地克服大气湍流和噪声的影响,可复原出清晰的原始目标图像。     

基于盲解卷积的水声信号恢复技术

信号在环境复杂多途严重的水声波导中传输后,接收到的信号时间长度被拉长,信号是失真的。在许多实际应用中,常常希望从已失真的接收信号中把原始信号波形恢复出来。本文利用盲解卷积技术对水声信号恢复进行研究。理论推演表明,在垂直阵条件下用人造的格林函数可成功地代替水声信道真实的格林函数,可以把非线性关系化解为线性关系,从而推导出依靠基阵记录下的信息去确定声源宽带信号原始波形和环境传播特征的公式和步骤。声场数值计算对6种海底类型进行,恢复后的宽带信号与原始信号的归一化相关系数均大于0.945,对硬海底多途严重的情况,收效特别明显,证明该方法的有效性。在青岛海试中恢复后信号的相关系数平均值为0.933,在青岛海试中利用这种解卷积技术去恢复信号是成功的。     

基于模糊度量的激光水下图像复原的盲去卷积方法

由于水体对激光存在着不可克服的吸收和散射效应,距离选通水下激光成像系统所获得的图像存在不同程度的劣化问题,具有信噪比低、边缘模糊等特点.为提高图像质量,将基于模糊度量的盲去卷积方法应用于激光水下成像的图像复原中.结合威尔斯小角度近似得出的点扩展函数与调制传递函数,分别讨论了最大期望,最小均方与多次乘法迭代盲去卷积算法,...     

基于参数化盲反卷积的三维非扫描激光雷达距离估计

三维(3D)非扫描激光雷达具有多表面目标距离分辨能力,可以用于对隐藏和伪装目标的识别。为了快速、准确地估计3D非扫描激光雷达多表面目标距离信息,提出了基于期望值最大化(EM)的单像素多表面目标的距离估计算法,通过对系统点扩展函数的参数化,该算法可以同时估计出成像系统点扩展函数和目标的距离信息。仿真实验结果表明,相比于传统的混合高斯匹配算法和维纳空间滤波算法,该算法在系统点扩展函数未知的条件下,可以将目标的距离估计精度分别提升大约70%和40%。     

盲反卷积方法在水下激光图像复原中的应用

由于水体对激光存在着吸收和散射效应,距离选通水下激光成像系统所获得的图像存在不同程度的劣化问题,具有信噪比低、边缘模糊等特点。为提高图像质量,在分析水下激光成像劣化过程的基础上,研究了水下激光图像的基本噪声特征,并结合点扩展函数和调制传递函数,利用威尔斯小角度近似理论,将盲反卷积方法应用到水下激光图像复原中。在进行盲反卷积图像复原时,比较和讨论了将原始图像和经过降噪处理后的图像分别作为初始输入的处理结果;并对当人为改变调制传递函数和点扩展函数时所得到的图像复原结果进行了研究和讨论。处理结果表明该方法能达到抑制背景噪声、突出目标细节、提高对比度的效果,对水下激光图像增强十分有效。     

利用盲反卷积和混沌振子增强船舶辐射噪声解调线谱

针对经典解调方法中心频率、带宽选择困难和解调线谱受带外噪声干扰难以分辨等问题,提出采用盲反卷积和混沌振子方法抑制带外噪声,增强船舶噪声解调线谱。该方法通过Duffing振子预检宽带船舶噪声低频弱周期信号,随后将相应频率作为最小噪声幅值比反卷积(MNAD)方法的先验参数,利用MNAD方法自适应搜索解调频带得到可清晰分辨的高信噪比解调线谱。仿真和实测数据分析表明,该方法较经典解调方法和其他盲反卷积方法,可获取更佳的中心频率和滤波带宽,所得解调线谱的窄带信噪比DF值最高。     

利用加权预测的图像迭代盲解卷积

为解决大气湍流造成的图像退化问题,本文鉴于现有的盲解卷积算法收敛性不稳定,计算量大等特点,提出了一种基于加权预测的迭代盲解卷积算法。对目前性能优秀的用迭代实现盲解卷积的L-R算法进行优化,在每次迭代结束后通过加权方法求出预测值,根据预测值计算方向加速算子,从而大大提高算法的收敛速度。实验表明：该算法不仅可对模糊退化图像进行很好的复原,同时与L-R算法相比收敛速度提高约43.8倍,其迭代速度快的特点决定了算法具有较高的工程实用价值。     

利用加权预测的图像迭代盲解卷积

为解决大气湍流造成的图像退化问题,本文鉴于现有的盲解卷积算法收敛性不稳定,计算量大等特点,提出了一种基于加权预测的迭代盲解卷积算法。对目前性能优秀的用迭代实现盲解卷积的L-R算法进行优化,在每次迭代结束后通过加权方法求出预测值,根据预测值计算方向加速算子,从而大大提高算法的收敛速度。实验表明:该算法不仅可对模糊退化图像进行很好的复原,同时与L-R算法相比收敛速度提高约43.8倍,其迭代速度快的特点决定了算法具有较高的工程实用价值。     

催化裂化反再系统的故障诊断方法研究

考虑到石油化工过程系统复杂,变量繁多,非线性关系极强,故障样本数据难于获取,故利用支持向量机对炼油厂催化裂化装置反应再生子系统的故障状态进行模式识别;且支持向量机参数C、σ对分类精度有很大影响,采用了改进的遗传算法对其进行优化;并采用了决策树算法进行多类分类,根据类间分离测度,从最难分类(类间分离测度最小)的两类样本集开始训练,将其合并为一个类簇后同其他样本集一起,再从中寻找最难分类的两个样本集合并,如此逐步合并最终得到训练模型;实验结果表明,利用改进的遗传算法优化惩罚系数C和核函数参数σ后,缩短了分类时间,提高了分类准确率,基于决策树算法的支持向量机能有效地解决一对一和一对多分类算法中存在的无法辨识区域的问题,能很好地识别故障类型,对催化裂化装置的故障诊断有显著的指导作用。     

基于MCKD-EEMD近似熵和TWSVM的齿轮箱故障诊断

在复杂环境下齿轮箱信号往往会淹没在噪声信号中,特征向量难以提取;为了有效地进行故障诊断,提出了基于最大相关反褶积(MCKD)总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)近似熵和双子支持向量机(TWSVM)的齿轮箱故障诊断方法;首先采用MCKD方法对强噪声信号进行滤波处理,在采用EEMD方法对齿轮箱信号进行分解,分解后得到本征模函数(IMF)分量进行近似熵求解,得到齿轮特征向量,最后将其输入到TWSVM分类器中进行故障识别;仿真实验表明,采用MCKD-EEMD方法能够有效地提取原始信号,与其他分类器相比,TWSVM的计算时间短,分类效果好等优点。     

基于Elman神经网络的齿轮故障诊断研究

在齿轮故障诊断过程中,针对传统的BP神经网络具有学习、记忆不稳定等缺点,提出了将Elman神经网络应用于齿轮故障诊断中,建立了Elman神经网络的应用结构模型,介绍了该网络的训练算法,阐明了齿轮故障诊断的实现过程;结果表明该神经网络学习记忆稳定,具有很好的学习功能,诊断方法具有高可靠性,达到了预期效果。     

Subway Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Algorithm Based on Adaptive Spline Impact Suppression

In the signal processing of real subway vehicles, impacts between wheelsets and rail joint gaps have significant negative effects on the spectrum. This introduces great difficulties for the fault diagnosis of gearboxes. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive time-domain signal segmentation method that envelopes the original signal using a cubic spline interpolation. The peak values of the rail joint gap impacts are extracted to realize the adaptive segmentation of gearbox fault signals when the vehicle was moving at a uniform speed. A long-time and unsteady signal affected by wheel–rail impacts is segmented into multiple short-term, steady-state signals, which can suppress the high amplitude of the shock response signal. Finally, on this basis, multiple short-term sample signals are analyzed by time- and frequency-domain analyses and compared with the nonfaulty results. The results showed that the method can efficiently suppress the high-amplitude components of subway gearbox vibration signals and effectively extract the characteristics of weak faults due to uniform wear of the gearbox in the time and frequency domains. This provides reference value for the gearbox fault diagnosis in engineering practice.     

Gear Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Multi-Sensor Information Fusion and VGG

The gearbox is an important component in the mechanical transmission system and plays a key role in aerospace, wind power and other fields. Gear failure is one of the main causes of gearbox failure, and therefore it is very important to accurately diagnose the type of gear failure under different operating conditions. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to effectively identify the fault types of gears using traditional methods under complex and changeable working conditions, a fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor information fusion and Visual Geometry Group (VGG) is proposed. First, the power spectral density is calculated with the raw frequency domain signal collected by multiple sensors before being transformed into a power spectral density energy map after information fusion. Second, the obtained energy map is combined with VGG to obtain the fault diagnosis model of the gear. Finally, two datasets are used to verify the effectiveness and generalization ability of the method. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method can reach 100% at most on both datasets.     

Fault Diagnosis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Stacked Denoising Autoencoder

As a complex field-circuit coupling system comprised of electric, magnetic and thermal machines, the permanent magnet synchronous motor of the electric vehicle has various operating conditions and complicated condition environment. There are various forms of failure, and the signs of failure are crossed or overlapped. Randomness, secondary, concurrency and communication characteristics make it difficult to diagnose faults. Meanwhile, the common intelligent diagnosis methods have low accuracy, poor generalization ability and difficulty in processing high-dimensional data. This paper proposes a method of fault feature extraction for motor based on the principle of stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) combined with the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. First, the motor signals collected from the experiment were processed, and the input data were randomly damaged by adding noise. Furthermore, according to the experimental results, the network structure of stacked denoising autoencoder was constructed, the optimal learning rate, noise reduction coefficient and the other network parameters were set. Finally, the trained network was used to verify the test samples. Compared with the traditional fault extraction method and single autoencoder method, this method has the advantages of better accuracy, strong generalization ability and easy-to-deal-with high-dimensional data features.     

基于局部特征尺度分解与瞬时频率谱的齿轮故障诊断

为了更准确地进行齿轮故障诊断,根据齿轮故障振动信号的多分量调幅-调频特征,提出了局部特征尺度分解和瞬时频率谱相结合的故障诊断方法。该方法首先对齿轮振动信号运用局部特征尺度分解,得到若干个内禀尺度分量,然后分别应用希尔伯特变换技术求取每个分量的瞬时频率,最后根据瞬时频率谱并进行故障诊断。通过齿轮断齿故障试验数据分析,验证了方法的有效性。     

A Machine Learning Approach for Gearbox System Fault Diagnosis

This study proposes a fully automated gearbox fault diagnosis approach that does not require knowledge about the specific gearbox construction and its load. The proposed approach is based on evaluating an adaptive filter’s prediction error. The obtained prediction error’s standard deviation is further processed with a support-vector machine to classify the gearbox’s condition. The proposed method was cross-validated on a public dataset, segmented into 1760 test samples, against two other reference methods. The accuracy achieved by the proposed method was better than the accuracies of the reference methods. The accuracy of the proposed method was on average 9% higher compared to both reference methods for different support vector settings.     

基于BP神经网络的变速箱故障诊断方法研究

针对变速箱的工作时间不能真实反映实际健康状况的问题,通过提取变速箱的振动信号作为状态参数,建立了基于BP神经网络的变速箱故障诊断模型。该模型首先提取振动信号中对故障反映灵敏的成分作为特征值,获得BP神经网络的训练数据,并通过对比确定最优的隐含层节点数,确定BP神经网络的结构参数。模型训练结束后,以验证数据为例进行故障诊断研究,并对诊断结果进行评估。评估结果表明,该模型准确度高,具有较好的应用和推广价值。     

Fault Diagnosis of a Wind Turbine Gearbox Based on Improved Variational Mode Algorithm and Information Entropy

The working environment of wind turbine gearboxes is complex, complicating the effective monitoring of their running state. In this paper, a new gearbox fault diagnosis method based on improved variational mode decomposition (IVMD), combined with time-shift multi-scale sample entropy (TSMSE) and a sparrow search algorithm-based support vector machine (SSA-SVM), is proposed. Firstly, a novel algorithm, IVMD, is presented for solving the problem where VMD parameters (K and α) need to be selected in advance, which mainly contains two steps: the maximum kurtosis index is employed to preliminarily determine a series of local optimal decomposition parameters (K and α), then from the local parameters, the global optimum parameters are selected based on the minimum energy loss coefficient (ELC). After decomposition by IVMD, the raw signal is divided into K intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), the optimal IMF(s) with abundant fault information is (are) chosen based on the minimum envelopment entropy criterion. Secondly, the time-shift technique is introduced to information entropy, the time-shift multi-scale sample entropy algorithm is applied for the analysis of the complexity of the chosen optimal IMF and extract fault feature vectors. Finally, the sparrow search algorithm, which takes the classification error rate of SVM as the fitness function, is used to adaptively optimize the SVM parameters. Next, the extracted TSMSEs are input into the SSA-SVM model as the feature vector to identify the gear signal types under different conditions. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed method is feasible and superior in gearbox fault diagnosis when compared with other methods.     

基于故障树的地铁屏蔽门故障诊断专家系统的设计

在地铁屏蔽门系统的故障诊断中,传统方法存在效率低、人工负担重等缺陷。为此,设计了基于故障树的故障诊断专家系统。先用屏蔽门的资料构建出扩展故障树,然后使用早期不交化和模块化等方法将其简化成基本故障树,求出最小割集。在故障树的基础上,设计了专家系统的知识获取和表示机制,建立了知识库。在构建推理机时,采用了双向推理、全自动推理、半自动推理、人工回溯等策略,提高了诊断效率和可信度。该系统可与综合监控系统进行接口,能对相关信息进行推理分析,对潜在故障进行预警,对已发生故障进行快速定位和诊断,出具故障报告和处理建议书,并提供故障模拟及培训功能。试用者的反馈意见表明该系统具有较好的实用价值。