用于乙烷氨氧化反应的高效Sb2O3/Co-ZSM-5催化剂

低碳烷烃（C1～C4）广泛存在于石油气、天然气、焦炉气及石油裂解气中，因其容易获得且成本低廉，以它们为原料直接转化合成其它化工产品无论在技术上还是在商业方面都有很大的吸引力．低碳烷烃的催化氨氧化是对其有效利用的途径之一．目前对低碳烷烃氨氧化的研究主要集中在丙烷上，对乙烷氨氧化制乙腈的反应研究尚处在探索阶段．与丙烷相比，乙烷的化学活性较低，一般需在较为苛刻的条件下才能反应，且对主产物的选择性较低．     

Kinetics of the oxidative coupling of methane in the presence of model catalysts

The kinetics of the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) in the presence of La/MgO and NaWMn/SiO₂ catalysts in a flow reactor at low reactant conversions was studied. It was found that, in spite of different compositions and properties of the test catalysts, the formation of ethane from methane and ethylene from ethane can be described within the framework of the Mars-van Krevelen redox model in both cases. The rate laws of side reactions, which lead to the formation of carbon oxides, are different from the rate laws of the target reactions of the conversion of methane into ethane and ethane into ethylene. The kinetic parameters required for the numerical simulation of the OCM process were determined for either of the catalysts.     

乙烷添加对 Mo/HZSM-5 催化剂上甲烷芳构化反应的影响

 研究了乙烷添加对 Mo/HZSM-5 催化剂上甲烷芳构化反应性能的影响. 在所考察的反应条件下, 未观察到乙烷添加对甲烷转化的促进作用, 乙烷本身反而生成甲烷, 同时导致更高的积炭生成速率, 使 Mo/HZSM-5 催化剂更快地失活. 但添加乙烷加速了钼活性中心的形成, 缩短了芳构化反应的诱导期, 使苯的生成提前.     

Light paraffin oxidative conversion in a silent electric discharge

Methane, ethane, and their mixtures with oxygen have been passed through the silent electric discharge at various operating conditions Beside.carbon oxides and water, formaldehyde and methane, and acetaldehyde and ethanol from ethane were the other major products. The effect of temperature, pressure, discharge voltage, contact time, and oxygen concentration have been examined. The rate of oxygen consumption is almost independent of oxygen concentration and depends mainly on the discharge voltage. The selectivities of methanol formation from methane and ethanol/formation from ethane were 20 and 15%, respectively.     

Vapor–liquid equilibrium of systems containing alcohols,water, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons using SAFT

The statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) equation of state is employed for the correlation and prediction of vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) of eighteen binary mixtures. These include water with methane, ethane, propane, butane, propylene, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol (EG), ethanol with ethane, propane, butane and propylene, methanol with methane, ethane and carbon dioxide and finally EG with methane and ethane. Moreover, vapor–liquid equilibrium for nine ternary systems was predicted. The systems are water/ethanol/alkane (ethane, propane, butane), water/ethanol/propylene, water/methanol/carbon dioxide, water/methanol/methane, water/methanol/ethane, water/EG/methane and water/EG/ethane. The results were found to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data except for the water/methanol/methane system for which the root mean square deviations for pressure were 60–68% when the methanol concentration in the liquid phase was 60 wt.%.     

Kinetic Simulation of Methane and Ethane Hydroxylation by Methane Monooxygenase

According to the mechanism of alkane hydroxylation, whose main postulate is the formation of an intermediate complex containing pentacoordinated carbon, the hydroxylation of methane and ethane by methane monooxygenase was kinetically simulated by the numerical method. The published data on the kinetic isotope effects of oxidation of deuterium-substituted methane molecules (CHD₃, CH₂D₂, and CH₃D) and the distribution of products of chiral ethane (R- and S-MeCHDT) oxidation by methane monooxygenase were examined. The kinetic models proposed for the oxidation of isotopically substituted methane and ethane are in good agreement with experimental data.     

The thermal decomposition of dicyclopentadienyldimethyltitanium(IV)

Thermal decomposition of (C₅H₅)₂Ti(CH₃)₂ in alkane or benzene solution yields primarily methane, with only traces of ethane. Methane is produced by hydrogen abstraction from both the cyclopentadienyl rings and from the methyl groups, but never from the alkanes or benzene. A scheme of decomposition is suggested involving two paths, each with a two stage formation of methanes. A very much slower ethane formation competes with the second stage. Strong evidence exists for slow hydrogen exchange between the eyelopentadienyl rings and the methyl groups prior to significant production of ethane. Decomposition in diethyl ether yields methane, much of it arising through hydrogen abstraction from the ether. Decomposition in CCl₄ and C₂Cl₄ yields mainly methane but also some methyl chloride and ethane. Both diethyl ether and C₂Cl₄ almost block methane formation through ring attack.     

Selective Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane and Propane over Copper-Containing Mordenite: Insights into Reaction Mechanism and Product Protection

Copper(II)-containing mordenite (CuMOR) is capable of activation of C−H bonds in C₁-C₃ alkanes, albeit there are remarkable differences between the functionalization of ethane and propane compared to methane. The reaction of ethane and propane with CuMOR results in the formation of ethylene and propylene, while the reaction of methane predominantly yields methanol and dimethyl ether. By combining in situ FTIR and MAS NMR spectroscopies as well as time-resolved Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the reaction mechanism was derived, which differs significantly for each alkane. The formation of ethylene and propylene proceeds via oxidative dehydrogenation of the corresponding alkanes with selectivity above 95 % for ethane and above 85 % for propane. The formation of stable π-complexes of olefins with Cu^I sites, formed upon reduction of Cu^II-oxo species, protects olefins from further oxidation and/or oligomerization. This is different from methane, the activation of which proceeds via oxidative hydroxylation leading to the formation of surface methoxy species bonded to the zeolite framework. Our findings constitute one of the major steps in the direct conversion of alkanes to important commodities and open a novel research direction aiming at the selective synthesis of olefins.     

负载型钼基催化剂上甲烷,乙烷无氧芳构化反应研究

研究了不同载体钼基催化剂上甲烷，乙烷的无氧芳构化反应。在所采用的载体中，ＨＺＳＭ－５具有最佳性能，对甲烷的芳构化反应，Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂表现出较高的活性和芳烃选择性；而Ｍｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３或Ｍｏ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂则相对较差。对于乙烷的反应，钼物种的存在更有利于甲烷或乙烯的生成，芳烃选择性相对较低。钼物种较强的断键能力可能是使甲烷Ｃ－Ｈ键活化的原因。     

Catalytic decomposition of CH4 over Ni-Al2O3-SiO2 catalysts: Influence of pretreatment conditions for the production of H2

This article reports the production of COx free hydrogen and carbon nanofibers by the catalytic decomposition of methane over Ni-Al2O3-SiO2 catalysts. The influence of reaction temperature, pretreatment temperature, and effect of reductive pretreatment on the decomposition of methane activity is investigated. The physico-chemical characteristics of fresh and deactivated samples were characterized using BET-SA, XRD, TPR, SEM/TEM, CHNS analyses and correlated with the methane decomposition results obtained. The Ni-Al-Si （4 ： 0.5 ： 1.5） catalyst reduced with hydrazine hydrate produced better H2 yields of ca. 1815 mol H2/mol Ni than the catalyst reduced with 5% H2/N2.     

Selective CH Functionalization of Methane,Ethane, and Propane by a Perfluoroarene Iodine(III) Complex

Direct partial oxidation of methane, ethane, and propane to their respective trifluoroacetate esters is achieved by a homogeneous hypervalent iodine(III) complex in non‐superacidic (trifluoroacetic acid) solvent. The reaction is highly selective for ester formation (>99 %). In the case of ethane, greater than 0.5 M EtTFA can be achieved. Preliminary kinetic analysis and density functional calculations support a nonradical electrophilic CH activation and iodine alkyl functionalization mechanism.     

Selective CH Functionalization of Methane,Ethane, and Propane by a Perfluoroarene Iodine(III) Complex

Direct partial oxidation of methane, ethane, and propane to their respective trifluoroacetate esters is achieved by a homogeneous hypervalent iodine(III) complex in non‐superacidic (trifluoroacetic acid) solvent. The reaction is highly selective for ester formation (>99 %). In the case of ethane, greater than 0.5 M EtTFA can be achieved. Preliminary kinetic analysis and density functional calculations support a nonradical electrophilic CH activation and iodine alkyl functionalization mechanism.     

甲烷在CaO—Li—CeO2催化剂上氧化偶联反应宏观动力学

本文报导在CaO-Li-CeO_2催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应的宏观动力学。在893-973K温度范围内测出了甲烷氧化偶联反应产物的生成速度及其对甲烷及氧分压的反应级数。根据这些数据计算出了甲烷转化和相应产物生成的表观活化能E。在此基础上对反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

加拿大合成原油瓦斯油裂解反应规律与产物生成机理

利用小型固定流化床实验装置研究了加拿大合成原油重瓦斯油(HGO)和轻瓦斯油(LGO)的催化裂解性能和热裂解性能。HGO和LGO催化裂解总低碳烯烃(乙烯+丙烯+丁烯)产率在660℃附近达到最大值,分别为33.8%和35.6%。HGO和LGO热裂解反应程度很大,700℃的转化率分别为66.7%和76.3%。HGO热裂解总低碳烯烃的产率在680℃达到最大值27.9%。通过对比分析催化裂解与热裂解气体产物产率的比值发现,催化剂的加入促进了乙烯和液化气的生成,同时抑制了甲烷和乙烷的生成。研究结果揭示了小分子烃类的生成机理,甲烷和乙烷主要是自由基反应的产物,乙烯和液化气是自由基反应和正碳离子反应的共同产物。     

On the thermodynamic stability and structural transition of clathrate hydrates

Gas mixtures of methane and ethane form structure II clathrate hydrates despite the fact that each of pure methane and pure ethane gases forms the structure I hydrate. Optimization of the interaction potential parameters for methane and ethane is attempted so as to reproduce the dissociation pressures of each simple hydrate containing either methane or ethane alone. An account for the structural transitions between type I and type II hydrates upon changing the mole fraction of the gas mixture is given on the basis of the van der Waals and Platteeuw theory with these optimized potentials. Cage occupancies of the two kinds of hydrates are also calculated as functions of the mole fraction at the dissociation pressure and at a fixed pressure well above the dissociation pressure.     

以金属有机骨架材料ZIF-8为固定相的硅基微气相色谱柱

基于微机电技术制备了一种含有椭圆微柱阵列的半填充柱; 采用水热法合成了一种金属有机骨架材料ZIF-8, 将其涂敷在微色谱柱的微沟道内壁上作为固定相. 在30 ℃恒温下对芯片的分离性能进行了测试, 结果表明, 以ZIF-8为固定相的微色谱柱可以在75 s内实现甲烷、 乙烷和丙烷(C1~C3)的基线分离, 其中甲烷-乙烷的分离度达到了2.23, 与以介孔硅为固定相的微色谱柱相比提高了99%; 甲烷、 乙烷的峰面积以及甲烷-乙烷分离度重复性的相对标准偏差均小于3%. 以上结果表明, 以ZIF-8为固定相的微色谱柱在针对油田气实时分离的便携式微色谱系统中具有广泛的应用前景.     

La—Ba—Na—O催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联宏观反应动力学研究

甲烷氧化偶联反应在不同催化剂体系上动力学的研究各不相同,我们已报道了La-Ba-O系复合氧化物催化剂对此反应的优良催化性能。本文则是对该催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应的动力学进行初步探讨。     

甲烷在SrO-La2O3/CaO催化剂上的氧化偶联Ⅱ.反应动力学的研究

在２０％Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＣａＯ（ＬＣ）催化剂中添加ＳｒＯ（添加ＳｒＯ的ＬＣ以ＳＬＣ表示）明显地提高了反应活性和Ｃ２选择性。反应动力学研究表明，ＬＣ和ＳＬＣ催化剂在甲烷氧化偶联反应中，在表观活化能和表观反应级数上存在很大的差异。ＬＣ催化剂在ＣＨ４转化以及Ｃ２和ＣＯｘ形成过程中，表观活化能大于ＳＬＣ催化剂，而ＳＬＣ催化剂的指前因子小于ＬＣ体系，两者存在着补偿形象。ＳＬＣ催化剂的反应速率常数比ｋｃ２／ｋＣＨ     

Discrimination of Lattice Oxygen Species Involved in the Oxidative Coupling of Methane on a Mn Mixed-Mg Oxide

Two functional lattice oxygens on the surface of a Mn-mixed Mg oxide were distinguished in the oxidative coupling of methane: the oxygen of MgO, which was active for methyl radical formation, and that of a Mn-Mg oxide solid solution, which was active for the dehydrogenation of ethane.     

Partial oxidation of methane and ethane to oxygenates over silica supported rhenium oxide

Silica supported rhenium oxide has been studied for partial oxidation of methane and ethane with oxygen. Loading of rhenium oxide on silica remarkably increases the conversions of methane and ethane. The presence of rhenium oxide increases the selectivity to useful oxygenates, particularly in ethane oxidation. The results suggest that rhenium oxide not only activates methane or ethane but also enhances oxygen transfer to form oxygenates. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.