阵列光镊的发展与应用

在生命科学研究中和在微量液体环境下分离液体中的细胞、生物大分子或胶体颗粒一直是一项具有挑战性的工作。"光镊"技术自20世纪80年代被提出到现在,在生命科学研究领域已经得到了日益广泛的运用。激光对细胞捕获的作用已得到进一步扩展,二维"光镊阵列"技术是近年来"光镊"技术中最重要的发展之一。讨论了阵列光镊的发展现状及基本原理,分析了它在生命科学中的应用,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

光镊系统的组建及光阱效应的观察

光镊是美国科学家Arthur Ashkin于1986年发明的,现被用来操控微小粒子和作为微小力的传感器.随着光镊技术的不断发展,光镊在生物大分子的操控和生物大分子生命过程中动力学研究方面发挥着巨大作用.本文介绍了光镊的工作原理,以及如何利用实验室现有条件,以较低成本搭建了一个简化的光镊系统,并观察了光镊对几种微小粒子的捕捉情况,证实了光阱有一定的作用范围,且其捕获能力随微粒尺寸增大而减小.     

光镊技术在生命科学研究中的应用

介绍了光镊技术的工作原理和系统结构,论述了光镊技术工作特点,并结合具体的研究工作,阐述了光镊技术在单细胞、单分子等生命科学研究领域中的应用,最后给出了近年来光镊技术取得的进展和新的应用.     

基于片层光照明的新型单分子横向磁镊

磁镊是一种高精度的单分子技术,它用磁场对连有生物大分子的超顺磁球产生磁力,通过追踪磁球的位置来测量生物大分子的长度信息.磁镊包括横向磁镊和纵向磁镊.纵向磁镊空间精度高,但昂贵;横向磁镊简单便宜,但由于受其成像原理的限制,一般情况下只能连接较长的DNA等生物大分子,且其空间精度较差,进而限制了其应用范围.为了解决这个问题,本文改进了横向磁镊,用片层光照明的方法使光线主要被磁球散射,从而能够直接观察到吸附在样品槽侧壁上的磁球,这使得测量短连接的底物成为可能.对于实际应用的检测,首先测试了包含270 bp发卡结构的0.5μm双链DNA,用其中发卡结构的"折叠-去折叠"跳变过程证明了改进后的横向磁镊的确可以追踪短DNA等生物大分子.然后,进一步用16μm的λ-DNA检验了实验系统.最后,将新型横向磁镊与普通横向磁镊及纵向磁镊在小力和大力条件下拉伸不同长度DNA的噪声进行了比较,发现改进后的横向磁镊在空间精度上明显优于普通横向磁镊,与纵向磁镊相比也无明显差异.以上结果证明了改进后的横向磁镊的精度优势,并扩展了横向磁镊的应用范围.     

光致温度场光镊：原理及生物医学应用

面向生物粒子操控方法的研究,在生物医学和生命科学等领域具有重要意义。光镊操控具有无接触与高精度的特点,已被广泛应用于多个领域的研究中。然而,传统光镊的光热效应以及衍射极限都制约着光镊在生物医学领域的更广泛应用和发展。近十年来,研究者们将光热效应化劣势为优势,利用光与热的耦合效应实现了多种粒子的精确捕获及操控,即光致温度场光镊（OTFT）。由于此种新型光镊对光能的利用率极高,能量密度低于传统光镊近3个数量级,并可实现颗粒的大范围操控,极大地拓展了光镊可操控粒子的种类,已经成为纳米技术以及生命科学领域的重要研究工具。温度场光镊仍面临诸多问题,例如对于颗粒界面调控的依赖性以及三维捕获受限等,尤其是在生物光子学的研究中,还需要进一步发展和优化。本文对光致温度场光镊操控基本原理及其在生物医学中的应用两个方面进行了系统阐述,并对其今后的发展与挑战进行了展望。     

第二讲光电子技术在保健医疗和生物学应用中的进展

文章论述了激光与光电子技术在人类保健、医疗以及生命科学应用中的作用和意义.综述了光活检技术、光美容医疗和生物光子技术等光电子技术在保健、医疗和生物学领域中的具体应用.重点介绍了：（1）用于组织病理诊断的光活检技术,其中包括光活检的发展历史、技术优点、研究现状,以及荧光光谱和成像技术等实用光活检技术的临床应用;（2）非消融性光疗的基本作用机制和研究进展;（3）扫描共焦显微术、多光子荧光显微术、近场光学扫描显微术和光镊等显微生物成像技术的工作原理和应用.最后,展望了激光与光电子技术在生命科学中的应用前景.     

光捕获和光操控研究进展

光捕获和光操控是一种通过光镊、倏逝波、光泳或光热等对微纳尺度颗粒、生物大分子和细胞等微小物体进行非接触、无损伤捕获和操控的方法和技术.详细归纳和总结了国际上在光捕获和光操控方面的研究进展和最新动态,分析了其今后的研究发展方向.     

激光应用 激光生物学

Q63 2005031772 光镊技术测量生物大分子间的结合强度=Measuring the adhesion of biomacromolecules by optical tweezers[刊, 中]／沈为民(中国科学技术大学物理系．合肥微尺度物质 科学国家实验室(筹)．安徽,合肥(230026)),李银妹…∥ 应用激光．-2004,24(4)．-233-236 构建了一个借助微米小球为“手柄”,用光镊间接操控 生物大分子,进而测定生物大分子之间结合强度的实验方 法。具体实验以抗体A6D蛋白(肌醇磷酸激酶的单克隆 抗体)与抗原P14-kinase(肌醇磷脂激酶)为例,对它们之间 结合强度进行了实验研究。该方法可望为生物大分子相     

光镊轴向阱位操控及器件安装误差对径向阱位操控的影响

光镊利用光学梯度力捕获和操控微小粒子,已经成为深入研究生物分子间相互作用等微观机制的独特技术.光镊光束操控系统一般由扩束输入镜、扩束输出镜、调焦透镜、耦合透镜和压电转镜等光学元器件组成,以保证物镜后瞳充满的前提下实现光镊阱位操控.光镊阱位的三维精确操控是实现光镊位钳和力钳模式的基本条件.本文根据矩阵光学,对基于无穷远校正显微镜的光镊操控光路进行计算,分析扩束输入镜、调焦透镜和物镜轴向位置调整,以及压电转镜、调焦透镜和耦合透镜安装位置误差对光镊径向阱位操控精度的影响,得到了物镜高度调整基本不会影响光镊径向位置操控,压电转镜和调焦透镜的安装位置误差对光镊径向阱位操控精度影响最大等结论,提出了能够实现径向阱位精确操控的轴向阱位动态操控范围,为光镊设计和操控提供理论和实验指导.     

近场光镊技术研究新进展

光镊技术,又称光学捕获技术,它是利用光的辐射压力来捕获和操纵包括电介质颗粒、生物细胞及生物大分子在内的微小粒子的。近场光镊技术利用近场光学倏逝场随距离急剧衰减的特征,可显著地降低捕获粒子的尺寸,实现纳米捕获。追踪了近场光镊技术的最新进展,包括全内反射相干倏逝场、近场光学镀膜光纤探针尖、激光照明金属探针尖和聚焦倏逝场用于近场光学捕获,并对其进行了比较,分析了它们存在的主要问题和未来发展方向。     

Optical tweezers technique and its applications

Since their advent in the 1980s,optical tweezers have attracted more and more attention due to their unique non-contact and non-invasion characteristics and their wide applications in physics,biology,chemistry,medical science and nanoscience.In this paper,we introduce the basic principle,the history and typical applications of optical tweezers and review our recent experimental works on the development and application of optical tweezers technique.We will discuss in detail several technological issues,including high precision displacement and force measurement in single-trap and dual-trap optical tweezers,multi-trap optical tweezers with each trap independently and freely controlled by means of space light modulator,and incorporation of cylindrical vector optical beams to build diversified optical tweezers beyond the conventional Gaussian-beam optical tweezers.We will address the application of these optical tweezers techniques to study biophysical problems such as mechanical deformation of cell membrane and binding energy between plant microtubule and microtubule associated proteins.Finally we present application of the optical tweezers technique for trapping,transporting,and patterning of metallic nanoparticles,which can be harnessed to manipulate surface plasmon resonance properties of these nanoparticles.     

Simple and high efficient graded-index multimode fiber tweezers:simulation and experiment

We propose and demonstrate a novel single fiber optical tweezer based on a graded-index multimode fiber(GIMMF), which works with a free length GIMMF(30 cm). We achieve a three-dimensional stable trap of yeast cells by using the GIMMF optical tweezers. Compared with the single-mode fiber optical tweezers,the GIMMF optical tweezers possess large optical trapping forces. Owing to the freedom of the GIMMF length,the fabrication of the GIMMF optical tweezers is simple, repeatable, and highly efficient. The GIMMF tweezers have the penitential to become a new member of the single fiber optical tweezers family and have a wide range of applications in the medical and biological cytology fields.     

Computer simulation of the collision frequency of two particles in optical tweezers

Optical tweezers have been successfully used in the study of colloid science. In most applications people are concerned with the behaviour of a single particle held in the optical tweezers. Recently, the ability of the optical tweezers to simultaneously hold two particles has been used to determine the stability ratio of colloidal dispersion. This new development stimulates the efforts to explore the characteristics of a two-particle system in the optical tweezers.An infinite spherical potential well has been used to estimate the collision frequency for two particles in the optical trap based on a Monte Carlo simulation. In this article, a more reasonable harmonic potential, commonly accepted for the optical tweezers, is adopted in a Monte Carlo simulation of the collision frequency. The effect of hydrodynamic interaction of particles in the trap is also considered. The simulation results based on this improved model show quantitatively that the collision frequency drops down sharply at first and then decreases slowly as the distance between the two particles increases. The simulation also shows how the collision frequency is related to the stiffness of the optical tweezers.     

Resource Letter: LBOT-1: Laser-based optical tweezers

This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on optical tweezers, also known as laser-based, gradient-force optical traps. Journal articles and books are cited for the following main topics: general papers on optical tweezers, trapping instrument design, optical detection methods, optical trapping theory, mechanical measurements, single molecule studies, and sections on biological motors, cellular measurements and additional applications of optical tweezers.     

A non-contact single optical fiber multi-optical tweezers probe: Design and fabrication

Optical tweezers have developed into a versatile and widely used tool; compared with the traditional optical tweezers, optical traps built with a single optical fiber provide a more flexible solution towards compact, integrated multiple traps. But the single optical tweezers have their own short comings—the manipulation working on the micro-particles is not non-contact, because of the fabrication method of the optical fiber probe. However we propose new single fiber multi-optical tweezers which are simple, low-cost and can manipulate micro-particles in a non-contact manner and non-invasively.     

Lights,action: Optical tweezers

Optical tweezers were first realized 15 years ago by Arthur Ashkin and co-workers at the Bell Telephone Laboratories. Since that time there has been a steady stream of developments and applications, particularly in the biological field. In the last 5 years the flow of work using optical tweezers has increased significantly, and it seems as if they are set to become a mainstream tool within biological and nanotechnological fields. In this article we seek to explain the underpinning mechanism behind optical tweezers, to review the main applications of optical tweezers to date, to present some recent technological advances and to speculate on future applications within both biological and non-biological fields.     

A study of multi-trapping of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers

We develop a pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers, and study its multi-trapping characteristic. The finite difference time domain method is employed to simulate the trapping force characteristic of this pair of single fiber optical tweezers, and the results show that the number of trapped particles depends on the refractive index and the size of the particles. The trapping force of this pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers is calibrated by the experimental method, and the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results. The multi-trapping capability realized by the tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers will be practical and useful for applications in biomedical research fields.     

Manipulation on human red blood cells with femtosecond optical tweezers

Different types of femtosecond optical tweezers have become a powerful tool in the modern biological field. However, how to control the irregular targets, including biological cells, using femtosecond optical tweezers remains to be explored. In this study, human red blood cells (hRBCs) are manipulated with femtosecond optical tweezers, and their states under different laser powers are investigated. The results indicate that optical potential traps only can capture the edge of hRBCs under the laser power from 1.4 to 2.8 mW, while it can make hRBCs turn over with the laser power more than 2.8 roW. It is suggested that femtosecond optical tweezers could not only manipulate biological cells, but also subtly control its states by adjusting the laser power.     

远场光钳与近场光钳的发展

以经典光学为基础的光钳技术(又称"光镊")在生物、物理和化学等领域得到了广泛的发展和应用,但是该技术受到高倍显微物镜的尺寸和光学衍射极限等多种因素的制约,从而限制了其进一步发展。而远场光纤光钳和近场光钳技术,从不同方面克服了传统光钳的局限。回顾了传统光钳、远场光纤光钳和近场光钳的发展,着重讨论了各种方法的工作原理、实验方法和技术性能,对这几种光钳技术进行了深入地总结和细致地比较。