Use of copper ink for fabricating conductive electrodes and RFID antenna tags by screen printing

We have synthesized nano-sized copper hydroxide powder and copper (II) neodecanoate complex that can be decomposed to form copper metal films. Copper conductive ink was then prepared by mixing the powder and complex with a binder in terpineol. The lowest resistivity of 12.5 μΩ cm and 5B level of adhesion strength were obtained with 5% addition of epoxy resin as a binder. The copper ink was then applied to fabricate a loop-type RFID antenna tag and the performance of the antenna was compared with that of conventional copper-etched and silver-paste antenna. The fabricated RFID antenna showed comparable performance to the conventional RFID antenna.     

Embedding optical microfiber coil resonators in Teflon

A method to manufacture optical microfiber coil resonators embedded in Teflon has been demonstrated for what is the first time to the best of our knowledge. The resonator was obtained by wrapping a microfiber on a low refractive index rod and coating it with a Teflon resin. The coating process is investigated and discussed. Resonances in excess of 9 dB, a free spectral range of approximately 0.8 nm, and Q factors greater than 6000 have been observed in the embedded resonator. The device is compact, robust, and portable.     

Si∶H∶O薄膜的室温强紫外光致发光

用等离子体增强辉光放电法制成a-Si∶H∶O薄膜,未经任何后处理过程,观察到峰值分别位于340—370,400—430以及740nm的三个光致发光(PL)带.这种紫外光发射既强又稳定,其强度与薄膜中的氧含量紧密相关,而后者可通过薄膜淀积过程中施加在其衬底上的直流偏压进行控制.前两个PL峰来源于a-Si∶H∶O中与氧有关的色心,而后一个PL峰则来源于嵌入a-Si∶H∶O中纳米硅晶粒的量子尺寸效应和晶粒表面的色心两方面的作用.     

Antibacterial effect of composite resins containing quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles

Quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QA-PEI)-based nanoparticles were synthesized by crosslinking with dibromopentane followed by N-alkylation with various alkyl halides and further N-methylation with methyl iodide. Insoluble pyridinium-type particles were prepared by suspension polymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine followed by N-alkylation with alkyl halides. Polyamine-based nanoparticles embedded in restorative composite resin at 1% w/w were tested for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans using direct contact test. Activity analysis revealed that the alkyl chain length of the QA-PEI nanoparticles plays a significant role in antibacterial activity of the reagent. The most potent compound was octyl-alkylated QA-PEI embedded in restorative composite resin at 1% w/w that totally inhibited S. mutans growth in 3-month-aged samples. This data indicates that restorative composite resin with antibacterial properties can be produced by the incorporation of QA-PEI nanoparticles.     

流延法制备高锂离子电导Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_4)_3固态电解质及其环氧树脂改性

以溶胶凝胶法合成的高纯Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_4)_3(LATP)纳米晶体粉末为原料,通过流延法成膜,在950℃下煅烧5 h合成LATP固态电解质片;对其进行环氧树脂改性后,能量色散X射线光谱元素图像表明环氧树脂完全浸入LATP内部,可以有效防止水渗透.研究发现流延法合成的LATP固态电解质在25℃?C时电导率高达8.70×10~(-4)S·cm~(-1)、活化能为0.36 eV、相对密度为89.5%.经过环氧树脂改性后电导率仍高达3.35×10-4S·cm-1、活化能为0.34 e V、相对密度为93.0%.高电导隔水的环氧树脂改性LATP固态电解质可作为锂金属保护薄膜用于新型高比容量电池.     

化学蒸汽输运法生长完整硫化锌单晶

用化学蒸汽输运法(VT),以碘为输运剂,在封闭的生长安瓶内,生长温度900℃,蒸发源与生长中的晶体间温差(△T)为5—6℃,在园锥形安瓶顶端以取向的单晶作子晶,可以生长成完整的ZnS单晶.在大管径的安瓶中对流控制的质量输运可以快速长成具有大晶面,中间有空隙的梨晶.用控制对流并适当降低△T值在低蒸气过饱和下可以生出1厘米3以上量级无孪生的单晶.ZnS单晶为立方结构,位错密度104·cm-2n型导电,电阻率8×1012Ω·cm.晶体具有蓝色CRL、PL及EL,用掺有锰的多晶在同样条件下可以生长出ZnS:Mn2+单晶.     

PC/YAG：Ce荧光树脂的制备及光谱分析

采用熔融共混法和高温压模法制备出PC/YAG:Ce荧光树脂片,样品经减薄和抛光处理后,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光(PL)、透射光谱等测试手段进行分析。厚度为0.87 mm的样品在500~800 nm范围内的透过率约为65%。样品主相为Y₃Al₅O₁₂,在342 nm和448 nm有两个激发峰。样品的发射光谱在532 nm有一宽峰,属于Ce³⁺的5d→4f特征跃迁发射。荧光树脂片中荧光粉含量越高,样品发射强度越大,是一种适合用于白光LED封装的新型荧光材料。     

Photo-induced anisotropy in ZnO/PVA nanocomposites prepared by modified electrochemical method in PMA matrix

Substantial photo-induced optical anisotropy was discovered in ZnO/PVA nanocomposites under the influence of external bicolor laser illumination. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by electrolysis of a sodium chloride aqueous medium including poly-methacrylic acid (PMA) in a cell system having a soluble zinc anode. The structural analysis of the ZnO powder samples has been carried out by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) embedded ZnO films obtained from the powder samples possess larger grain sizes than those in powder form. The films were prepared from the same polymer matrix but elaborated with two different PVA contents which are respectively 15% and 30%. The photoinduced anisotropy was identified by using two bicolor Er: glass laser beams incident at different angles. Substantial influence of the technological processes on the embedded nanoparticle sizes and related birefringence was explored. The process of laser induced anisotropy shows an occurrence of birefringence saturation.     

基于光纤光栅传感的模压腔内压强分布式测量

针对模压腔内压强分布式测量的需要,研制了等强度梁结构的光纤光栅压强传感器.该传感器的波长改变量与压强之间的线性度达到0.999 92.将六个研制的微型光纤光栅压强传感器镶嵌于模具内部,通过圆柱形刚性金属杆传递压力,实现了模压腔内部多点压强分布式测量,取得了很好的实验结果.实验研究了粉末状材料挤压成型过程中模压腔内压强的分布以及变化规律.     

Important roles of multiphase process in enhancement mechanism of micro plastic particle combustion

Thermal recycling of recovered plastic resin has been investigated by supplying plastic resin powder as an additional fuel to the proposed twin-fuel industrial burner. The results emphasize the necessity of fundamental investigations, such as high-speed microscopic observations of micro plastic particles under abrupt heating. To observe the multiphase process of macro plastic particles under abrupt heating and to elucidate their combustion enhancement mechanism, some original devises are introduced; one for optical imaging and three for abrupt heating and ceasing. The former is a mini optical composite which enables simultaneous photographing of the direct silhouetted and schlieren images. The latter three are reforming of a rugged resin particle into a spherical one, a vertical type circular mini-burner for abrupt heating, and a mini-puff generator for abrupt extinguishment. Three types of fine supports made of tungsten, silicon-carbide, and quartz glass are used. Detailed optical observations clarify many characteristics concerning the multiphase process of plastic resin particles under abrupt heating, such as the occurrence of multiple internal micro bubbling, multiple micro explosions and jets. The burning rate constant is also estimated based on the temporal reduction rate of the particle surface area. It is found that the values obtained for three supporting wires are greater than those of typical liquid fuels, and that the key factor to the prominent enhancement rate of micro PET particle combustion can be attributed to the occurrence of the multiphase process particular to micro plastic particles.     

Dominant ultraviolet-blue photoluminescence of ZnO embedded into synthetic opal

The temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) embedded into the voids of synthetic opal were studied. ZnO was infiltrated into opal from aqueous solution with zinc nitrate precursor followed by thermal annealing. The PL spectra of the ZnO powder exhibit very high and broad emission peaks in the green region due to crystal defects, such as oxygen vacancies and zinc ion interstitials. In contrast to the PL spectra of ZnO powder, nanocrystals of ZnO embedded into the voids of FCC packed opal matrix exhibit dominant ultraviolet (UV)-blue and rapidly decreasing green PL emissions with decreasing temperature. The temperature-dependent PL characteristics show that the green band suppression in the ZnO nanocrystals is due to the influence of photonic crystal. The infiltration of nanoparticles into synthetic opal may be used for the fabrication of polycrystalline ZnO with dominant UV-blue PL. These results indicate that the luminescent materials embedded into photonic crystal may be promising for the fabrication of the RGB pixels in full-color displays.     

Detection of coloured tracks of heavy ion particles using photographic colour film

A photographic colour film, which was exposed to heavy ions, reveals a coloured dye image of the ion tracks. Since the colour film consists of several layers and different colours appear on each layer, three-dimensional information on the tracks in the layers can be obtained by the colour image. Previously, we have reported the method for which the tracks in different colours represented differences of track depth and we also discussed the disadvantages of using commercial colour films. Here we present the procedure for a self-made photographic coating and the development formula which can overcome the disadvantages.     

A new method for preparing powders for transmission electron microscopy examination

In this paper we describe a novel method to prepare powder specimens for transmission electron microscopy examination. The powder samples are embedded in a metallic matrix by a route based on the plastic flow of a soft metal, using a small laboratory type hand driven hydraulic press. The resulting composites are processed with the conventional procedure based on grinding polishing and ion beam milling. The resulting TEM specimens have a self-supporting structure, good thermal and electrical conductivity while showing a well-polished surface resulting from the ion milling process. The method can be applied to a large variety of samples with sufficiently strong mechanical properties; a few examples are reported. The limits, mainly due to the mechanical toughness of the powder, are discussed.     

Pulsed Operation of High-Pressure-Sodium Discharge Lamps

Results of spectral and photometric measurements are presented for pulsed operated high-pressure-sodium lamps. Choosing for the colour temperature a value of 3000 K, the output spectrum was optimized with respect to colour rendition and lamp efficacy taking the pulse parameters, the sodium mole fraction, and the cold spot temperature as quantities to be varied. For the nominal rating of 70 W a maximum lamp efficacy of 70 lm/W and a colour rendering index of 40 can be obtained. Further improvements of the colour rendition require an enhanced sodium vapour pressure which can be achieved by operating the lamp at rised cold spot temperature.     

化学镀金在GaN基发光二极管电极制备上的应用

采用真空蒸镀与化学镀两种方法制备GaN基发光二极管（LED）金电极,分析比较了两种工艺所得芯片成本、外观色差、打线拉力。结果表明,化学镀金可选择性还原欲沉积的金属于电极上,较之蒸镀整面金属,可大幅度节省金属成本,且操作简单易行。化学镀金法所制得金属层,较蒸镀法所制得金属层表面粗糙,可有效减少电极间的色差,且能提高打线或焊线的附着力。     

高纯氧化镧中微量稀土杂质的化学光谱法测定

本文介绍了高纯氧化镧中微量稀土杂质的化学光谱测定，将Ｌａ２Ｏ３通过Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离富集，将大量基体分离掉，剩下微量的稀土杂质，用Ｃ粉吸附后加ＫＢＨ４做载体进行光谱测定。本方法可测定９９．９９９９％纯度的Ｌａ２Ｏ３中的微量稀土杂质。     

Acoustic wave propagation in fluid metamaterial with solid inclusions

Acoustic wave propagation in a composite of water with embedded double-layered silicone resin/silver rods is considered. Approximate values of effective dynamical constitutive parameters are obtained. Frequency ranges of simultaneous negative constitutive parameters are found. Localized surface states on the interface between metamaterial and “normal” material are found. The Doppler effect in metamaterial is considered. The presence of anomalous modes is shown.     

Noise removal in three-fringe photoelasticity by adaptive colour difference estimation

Three-fringe photoelasticity (TFP) can give the total fringe order from a single-colour isochromatic fringe field. In TFP, the total fringe order is obtained by comparing the colour of the unknown photoelastic fringe pattern with a calibration specimen. Comparison is conventionally done by minimising the colour difference error. This leads to misidentification of fringe order in some regions. A new colour difference formula is proposed with an additional term, which ensures continuity of fringe order data over the domain. Fringe order data obtained by conventional TFP is used as base data and the new method is termed as refined TFP. To enable applicability of the technique to arbitrary geometries, a new boundary identification technique is developed. The new method is demonstrated with some example problems.     

Nature and decay of long-lived species in activated atmospheric nitrogen

Pure nitrogen activated in the column of a steady arc discharge at 1 atm flows through a glass tube with an axially movable isothermal calorimeter to measure the energy flux, and a metal oxide powder detector to time the onset of the colour change. By separating potential and thermal energy fluxes the absolute concentration of excited species is found. The predominant component is thought to be metastable A-state molecules whose decay is controlled essentially by de-activating collisions with ordinary molecules;     

Iron-based soft magnetic composites with Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles coating obtained by sol–gel method

This paper focuses on iron-based soft magnetic composites which were synthesized by utilizing Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles to coat iron powder. The nanocrystalline iron powders, with an average particle diameter of 20 nm, were obtained via the sol–gel method. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and distribution maps show that the iron particle surface is covered with a thin layer of Mn–Zn ferrites. Mn–Zn ferrite uniformly coated the surface of the powder particles, resulting in a reduced imaginary permeability, increased electrical resistivity and a higher operating frequency of the synthesized magnets. Mn–Zn ferrite coated samples have higher permeability and lower magnetic loss when compared with the non-magnetic epoxy resin coated compacts. The real part of permeability increases by 33.5% when compared with the epoxy resin coated samples at 10 kHz. The effects of heat treatment temperature on crystalline phase formation and on the magnetic properties of the Mn–Zn ferrite were investigated via X-ray diffraction and a vibrating sample magnetometer. Ferrites decomposed to FeO and MnO after annealing above 400 °C in nitrogen; thus it is the optimum annealing temperature to attain the desired permeability.