Design of enzyme reactors as chromatographic columns for racemic resolution of amino acid esters

Summary Racemic resolution of aromatic and aliphatic amino acid esters into L-amino acid and D-amino acid ester via LC and HPLC is achieved by using enzyme reactors as chromatographic columns. For this purpose α-chymotrypsin and trypsin are immobilized on Eupergit C, Sepharose 4B and Lichrosorb-Diol.     

A highly active nano-palladium catalyst for the preparation of aromatic azos under mild conditions

A worm-like Pd nanocatalyst has been prepared and used in the preparation of azo compounds from nitroaromatics under mild reaction conditions. This highly dispersible nano-Pd catalyst shows high activity toward the synthesis of both symmetric aromatic azo compounds and a range of asymmetric aromatic azo compounds.     

Unusual removal of the ethylene ketal protection from 2,3-dichloro-4,4-ethylenedioxycyclopent-2-en-1-one under alkaline conditions. Simple synthesis of naturally occurring cyclopentenedione analogs

A reaction of 2,3-dichloro-4,4-ethylenedioxycyclopent-2-en-1-one with MeONa in MeOH to furnish 2-chloro-3-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1,4-dione has been studied. The latter under the action of CH₂N₂ has been converted to the corresponding enol ether. This methodology has been used for the synthesis of 4-chloro-5-methoxy-2-cinnamylidenecyclopent-4-en-1,3-diones and related compounds starting from the parent dichlorocyclopentenone.     

制备条件对MoS2/Al2O3耐硫甲烷化催化剂性能的影响

本文研究了前驱体MoO_3的负载量、浸渍温度和焙烧温度等制备条件对Mo S2/Al_2O_3耐硫甲烷化催化剂性能的影响,并通过XRD和H2-TPR表征了催化剂的物相和还原性能。结果表明,随着负载量增加,MoO_3与Al_2O_3间的相互作用增强,Al2(Mo O4)3相增多,导致催化剂更难被还原硫化,MoO_3还原温度升高。浸渍温度对CO转化率和CH4选择性有一定的影响,浸渍温度为70℃时,MoO_3的生成增多,且还原温度最低,CO转化率较高,而CH4选择性和CO_2选择性变化不大。随着焙烧温度升高,CO转化率先升高后降低,对CH4和CO_2选择性影响不大,其中以450℃焙烧的CO转化率最高,600℃焙烧的CO转化率最低。当焙烧温度在400~450℃时,Al2(Mo O4)3和Mo4O11的特征峰基本上消失,能够完全生成MoO_3,且结晶度较好。因此,合适的焙烧温度为400~450℃。     

A fast and efficient method for the preparation of aryl azides using stable aryl diazonium silica sulfates under mild conditions

An efficient, fast, and straightforward procedure for the synthesis of aromatic azides using aryl diazonium silica sulfates and sodium azide at room temperature under mild conditions is described. The use of inexpensive materials, simple and clean work-up, short reaction times and good yields are advantages of this method.     

Di-2-pyridyl sulfite. A new useful reagent for the preparation of N-sulfinylamines,nitriles, isocyanides,and carbodiimides under mild conditions

Di-2-pyridyl sulfite is a very useful reagent for the preparation of N-sulfinylamines, nitriles, isocyanides, and carbodiimides in high yields under essentially neutral conditions.     

A convenient one‐pot method for the synthesis of symmetrical dialkyl trithiocarbonates using NH4OAc under mild neutral conditions

A facial, new, one‐pot method for the preparation of symmetrical organic trithiocarbonates from various alkyl halides and carbon disulfide is described. This is a convenient, clean, and mild procedure, which involves the use of the neutral, nontoxic, commercially available, and inexpensive reagent NH₄OAc in the preparation of the trithiocarbonate ion from carbon disulfide.     

A highly active catalyst for the reductive cyclization of ortho-nitrostyrenes under mild conditions

A mild and efficient method for the palladium-catalyzed reductive cyclization of ortho-nitrostyrenes to afford indoles is reported. Treatment of ortho-nitrostyrenes with 0.1 mol% palladium (II) trifluoroacetate [Pd(TFA)₂] and 0.7 mol% 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tm-phen) in DMF at 15 psig CO and 80 °C afforded indoles in good to excellent yields. When the reaction was conducted in toluene, the corresponding N-hydroxyindole was isolated. A mechanism that accounts for the formation of N-hydroxyindole is proposed.     

Reaction of myrtenal with dimethylamide of chloroacetic acid under the conditions of Darzens reaction

3-[2-(6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)]-2-dimethylcarbamoyloxirane and the dimethylamide of 2-chloro-3-[2-(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)]-3-(dimethyl-carbamidomethyloxy)propionic acid were obtained by the reaction of myrtenal with dimethylamide of chloroacetic acid in the presence of NaH. The structures of the compounds obtained were confirmed by NMR, IR, UV, and CD spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry.Translated fromIzyestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 944–945, May, 1995.The authors express their gratitude to I. Kh. Rizvanov who recorded the mass spectrum of compound5.This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 94-03-09586).     

制备因素对Ni/C催化剂上乙醇气相羰基化反应性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备负载型Ni/C催化剂,考察了制备因素对乙醇直接气相羰基化反应的影响。实验结果表明,催化剂最佳制备因素为,Ni的质量分数为5%,活性炭采用水洗预处理,控制浸渍液的pH值为8.0～9.0,焙烧温度为450℃,H₂还原温度为400℃。采用上述参数制备的Ni/C催化剂,其乙醇转化率和丙酸选择性分别为96.14%和95.71%。利用N₂物理吸附法研究载体预处理对催化剂比表面积、孔容及孔径的影响和X射线衍射法(XRD)研究了活性组分在惰性气氛中焙烧时的分散状况。     

Study of the selective catalysis of metalloporphyrins for 2-methyl-butane oxidation with PhIO under mild conditions

Nine ironporphyrins and eight manganeseporphyrins were synthesized, and their selective catalysis for the oxidation of the secondary and tertiary carbon–hydrogen bonds of 2-methyl-butane with PhIO was studied. The proportion of the oxidation product of tertiary carbon–hydrogen bond to the one of secondary carbon–hydrogen bond was 3:1 when ironporphyrins were used as catalysts, and 2.3:1 when manganeseporphyrins were used as catalysts. The research showed that the substituting groups on the porphyrin rings influenced the catalytic selectivity of metalloporphyrins for the oxidation of the secondary and tertiary carbon–hydrogen bonds as well as the reaction yields. The electron-attracting groups on benzene rings of ironporphyrins increased the catalytic selectivity of ironporphyrins for the tertiary carbon–hydrogen bond oxidation and the reaction speeds, and the electron-releasing groups increased the catalytic selectivity for secondary carbon–hydrogen bond oxidation and reduced the reaction speeds. Both electron-attracting and -releasing groups on benzene rings of manganeseporphyrins enhanced the catalytic selectivity of manganeseporphyrins for the secondary carbon–hydrogen bond oxidation.     

A new strategy for the chemoselective sulfonamide N-alkylation of sulfonyl ureas under neutral and mild conditions

An efficient and chemoselective sulfonamide N-alkylation of sulfonyl ureas is described. The sulfonyl urea derivatives, prepared in situ by the addition of an amine to an arylsulfonyl isocyanate, are selectively alkylated in excellent yields under neutral and mild conditions by treatment with trialkylphosphite-dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate at ambient temperature.     

Advances in the preparation and evaluation of GC capillary columns

The preparation of (glass) capillary columns of high quality is still not without difficulties. Six problems in this context are highlighted. Column material choice(l), glass wall modification(2) and coating(3) are considered to have reached a satisfactory level. Deactivation(4) is still in a state of flux. Quantitation(5) is the least satisfactory aspect of capillary GC. Scope expansion(6) will be helped by the introduction of new phases of high thermal stability and by the adoption of solutions exclusively applicable to capillary GC. Evaluation of (glass) capillary GC columns is a rapidly developing field. Hopefully the number and complexity of test or polarity mixtures will not expand much further and it will be possible to make a clear and generally acceptable choice. The preparation and evaluation of ever-improving capillary columns is important to an ever-widening group of chromatographers. Our opinion on selected topics in this already vast field is summarized in the following overview.     

Synthesis of 1,2 diamines under environmentally benign conditions: application for the preparation of imidazolidiniums

An environmentally friendly and economically attractive access to unsymmetrical and symmetrical 1,2-diamines has been developed. Chemoselective N-monoalkylation in water and alcoholic solvents was demonstrated. This method represents a simple and scalable preparation (2-3 steps) of symmetrical and unsymmetrical imidazolidinium salts, precursors of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes.