Self-localized nonlinear surface magnetic polaritons in a ferromagnetic medium

The properties of electromagnetic waves propagating in a semibounded, nonlinear, ferromagnetic medium are investigated. It is shown that under certain conditions the interaction between the spin and electromagnetic waves results in the localization of volume polaritons near the surface. Self-localization of surface polaritons due to the nonlinear properties of the medium occurs thereby. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation for nonlinear surface and volume polaritons is derived, and the conditions under which solitons of these waves exist are determined. The wave intensity required to observe the predicted effects is estimated.     

Surface electromagnetic waves in Faraday media

The effect of unidirectional propagation of surface electromagnetic waves on the interface between an isotropic Faraday medium and isotropic optically inactive medium is predicted. Such waves can be excited when the intensity of an external magnetic field exceeds a certain threshold. Solutions to the dispersion relation are analyzed, and existence conditions for the surface waves are established.     

Studying surface vortices and potential fields in a conducting cylinder

The surface electromagnetic waves in a conducting cylinder are studied with allowance for the different polarization properties of a medium with respect to potential and vortex electromagnetic fields.     

Surface electromagnetic waves at the interface of photorefractive crystals with a drift-diffusion nonlinearity mechanism

Within the accuracy of the plane-wave approximation, a solution of the boundary-value problem for the Maxwell equations is obtained for surface electromagnetic waves at the interface between a photorefractive crystal and a transparent isotropic medium. It is shown that in this case, of all the kinds of surface waves, only soliton-type waves can be generated. Characteristic parameters of these waves are determined for a photorefractive SBN (strontium-barium-niobate) crystal.     

Antiferromagnetic material with the magnetoelectric effect as an example of a left-handed medium

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in an antiferromagnetic material with the magnetoelectric effect is theoretically studied. The frequency dependences of the wavenumbers, dynamical permeability and permittivity, and reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves for various energy parameters of the antiferromagnetic material have been obtained. It has been shown that there is a frequency range where the dynamical permeability and permittivity, as well as one of the wavenumbers, are simultaneously negative in the antiferromagnetic material with the magnetoelectric effect. In this case, the antiferromagnetic material is an example of a so-called left-handed medium. The reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves from the surface of the antiferromagnetic material decreases anomalously in this frequency range.     

电磁波在运动介质中及表面处的传播特性

论述了运动介质对电磁波频率、速度和传播方向的影响及在运动介质表面的反射定律和折射定律。     

各向同性介质界面本征模分析

分析了两个各向同性材料界面处的本征模,从另一个角度来分析解释了布儒斯特定律.当入射光与界面处的表面模匹配时,入射光的能量就会全部转移到界面的本征场上,如果电磁波在折射介质中为行波,界面的本征场又会在折射介质中激发新的电磁波,形成透射波,也就是布儒斯特定律描述的横电波或者横磁波的全透射现象,这也可以看作是一种光学共振现象.横磁波的全透射现象往往出现在两个具有相同磁导率的介质的界面处,而横电波的全透射现象则往往出现在两个具有相同介电常数的介质的界面处.     

Effects of Breaking Waves on Composite Backscattering from Ship-Ocean Scene

The existence of the sea surface is bound to affect the electromagnetic(EM) scattering from marine targets. When dealing with the composite scattering from targets over a sea surface by applying high-frequency EM theories,the total scattering field can be decomposed into three parts in low sea states, namely, the direct scattering from the sea surface, the direct scattering from targets and the coupling scattering between the sea surface and targets. With regard to high sea states, breaking waves make the direct scattering from the sea surface and the coupling scattering more complicated. To solve this issue, a scattering model is proposed to analyze the composite scattering from a ship over a rough sea surface under high sea states. To consider the effect of breaking waves,a three dimensional geometric model is adopted together with Ufimtsev's theory of edge waves for the scattering from a breaker. In addition, the coupling scattering between targets and breaking waves is taken into account by considering all possible scattering paths. The simulated results indicate that the influence of breaking waves on the scattering field from the sea surface and on the coupling field is non-negligible, and the numerical results also show the effectiveness of the proposed scattering model.     

介质表面运动时的菲涅耳公式

论述了电磁波在运动介质界面反射和折射时电磁场场量间的振幅关系,得到了修正后的菲涅耳公式。     

Study of surface optical oscillations in periodical multi-layer media

Theoretical and experimental investigation of a new mechanism of surface electromagnetic wave propagation in the multilayer periodic medium consisting of two different dielectrics along its interface with vacuum is presented. The oscillations in question are similar to local energy levels of electrons in regions where periodical potential of a crystallic lattice is violated (Tamms' and impurity levels). A quantitative agreement of theoretical and experimental data conforms the existence of those new types of the surface electromagnetic waves.     

Diffraction of electromagnetic waves by a resistive half-plane in magneto-ionic plasma

The interaction of magnetic polarized electromagnetic wave with a resistive half-plane in magneto-ionic plasma is investigated. The method of transition boundary is used for the evaluation of the diffracted wave. The excitation of surface waves is examined in the medium and their diffracted fields are derived by using the diffraction theory for grazing incidence. The uniform field expressions are obtained with the aid of the uniform theory for evanescent waves. The behaviours of the derived scattered waves are studied numerically.     

Excitation of surface and volume electromagnetic waves in left-handed media by an electron bunch

We study theoretically the Vavilov-Čerenkov radiation from a nonrelativistic electron bunch moving in free space over a left-handed medium. It is shown that in the frequency range in which the refractive index of the medium is negative, Vavilov-Čerenkov radiation leads to simultaneous excitation of volume and surface electromagnetic waves in the same frequency range. The wave vector of the surface wave in the plane of an interface of two media is greater in magnitude than the corresponding quantity for the volume wave. The energy fluxes of volume and surface waves in the left-handed medium are studied. The radiation pattern of the bunch is found. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 406–417, May 2007.     

Phase modulation of Bloch surface waves with the use of a diffraction microrelief at the boundary of a one-dimensional photonic crystal

Phase modulation methods for surface electromagnetic waves propagating at the interface between a homogeneous medium and a one-dimensional photonic crystal have been analyzed numerically and theoretically. Modulation is performed by changing the geometrical parameters of the microrelief on the surface of the photonic crystal. The phase modulation methods under consideration can be used to create optical elements for surface waves, in particular, lenses, prisms, and diffraction gratings. A Bragg grating has been calculated as an example. According to the simulation results, the average coefficient of reflection of a surface wave in the band gap is 0.95.     

Surface electromagnetic waves in thin-layer biaxial structure in a magnetic field

The conditions for the existence of surface electromagnetic waves at the planar interface between a homogeneous medium (vacuum) and a thin-layer periodic structure consisting of alternating semiconductor and dielectric layers in an external magnetic field have been investigated. This structure represents an optically biaxial crystal with the effective permittivity tensor components dependent both on the geometric parameters of the structure and on the physical characteristics (magnetic field strength, frequency, and thicknesses of the layers). It has been shown that the propagation of surface electromagnetic waves localized near the interface can occur in the thin-layer biaxial structure within specific ranges of frequencies and external magnetic field strengths.     

Transverse or off-axis localization of electromagnetic waves in random one- and two-dimensional dielectric systems which are periodic on average

We study the transverse or off-axis localization of electromagnetic waves for several different random dielectric systems which are periodic on average. Unlike previous scalar wave treatments of transverse localization, in the present work we present results based on a full vector treatment of the electromagnetic fields based on Maxwell's equations. In a first system, we consider a random semi-infinite array of slabs with plane waves or finite beams of electromagnetic waves obliquely incident on the slab surfaces. The localization of the fields in a region near the surface of illumination is studied as a function of the oblique angle of incidence. In a second system, an array of semi-infinite slabs with random thickness is considered with an incident finite beam of electromagnetic waves initially directed parallel to the slab surfaces. The spreading of the beam width is computed as it propagates through the array of semi-infinite slabs. In a final system, we consider a semi-infinite array of random dielectric rods (2D system) with obliquely incident plane waves. The localization length of the plane-wave fields is computed as a function of the oblique angle of incidence and as a function of the strength of the disorder of the dielectric medium. All the random media we consider, when averaged over their randomness, are periodic on average. The above systems are studied for both p- and s-polarizations of incident electromagnetic waves, and the difference in the transverse localization of the electromagnetic field for these two polarizations is determined.     

Tunable hybrid surface waves supported by a graphene layer

We study electromagnetic waves localized near the surface of a semi-infinite dielectric medium covered by a graphene layer in the presence of a strong external magnetic field. We demonstrate that a novel type of hybrid TE-TM polarized surface plasmons can propagate along the graphene layer. We analyze the effect of the Hall conductivity on the polarization properties of these hybrid surface waves and suggest a possibility to tune the graphene plasmons by the external magnetic field.     

Unusual one-way edge state in acoustic gyroscopic continuum

Unusual one-way edge states have been observed in composite structures composed of periodic lattices loaded with gyroscopes.Here, we provide a continuum-mechanics understanding to the one-way edge state by formulating surface state equations of acoustic gyroscopic mediums with Hermite mass density tensor. We discover that the unidirectional edge effect arises from nontrivial off-diagonal components of Hermite densities, which causes the symmetric breaking of surface wave propagation towards forward and backward directions. Theoretical predictions on the velocity and decay length of surface waves coincide excellently with numerical simulations. The unidirectional edge state in a two-interface gyroscopic medium is also analyzed.Due to the rotational symmetry in geometry, the unidirectional edge state on one interface is able to prevent itself from the coupling to surface waves on the other interface regardless of the slab thickness. With these anomalous effects, surface waves residing on gyroscopic mediums can flow around the edge defects without back-scatterings, or can be split into two beams of equal energy magnitudes. Our findings may make a bridge that would help to reach the design of non-reciprocal composite materials via an effective medium approach.     

Theoretical study of two-element array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna on ferrite substrate

The radiation characteristics of a two-element array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna on a ferrite substrate are studied theoretically by considering the presence of bias magnetic field in the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves. It is found that the natural modes of propagation in the direction of magnetic field are left- and right-circularly polarized waves and these modes have different propagation constants. In loss-less isotropic warm plasma, this array antenna geometry excites both electromagnetic (EM) and electroacoustic plasma (P) waves in addition to a nonradiating surface wave. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the EM- and P-waves can be decoupled into two independent modes, the electroacoustic mode is longitudinal while the electromagnetic mode is transverse. The far-zone EM-mode and P-mode radiation fields are derived using vector wave function techniques and pattern multiplication approaches. The results are obtained in both plasma medium and free space. Some important antenna parameters such as radiation conductance, directivity and quality factor are plotted for different values of plasma-to-source frequency.     

Fracture of polystyrene- and molecular silica sol-based nanocomposites during fast compression

Polystyrene-based composites containing hybrid molecular silica sol nanoparticles with a core-shell structure are studied during fast compression. Polystyrene and the related composites are found to fail instantaneously at a certain critical pressure, which is accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic and acoustic waves. The composite composition changes the critical pressure during explosion and the frequency characteristics of the generated electromagnetic and acoustic waves. The charge density transfer mechanism in a composite with a filler concentration higher than 10 wt % is shown to differ from that in composites with a lower filler content.     

Stimulated second-order processes in the interaction of a spinless quantum particle beam with a self-consistent electromagnetic field

A nonlinear theory of interaction of two electromagnetic waves with a beam or a gas of spinless charged particles is developed. The effects of stimulated Compton scattering of electromagnetic waves and stimulated particle pair production (annihilation) during a collision of two electromagnetic quanta are investigated. Other stimulated processes that can occur only in a medium and decelerate electromagnetic waves are also considered. The relation between stimulated processes and various types of instabilities considered in classical electrodynamics of plasmas and plasmalike media is demonstrated.