Anderson impurity in a correlated conduction band

We investigate the physics of a magnetic impurity with spin 1/2 in a correlated metallic host. Describing the band by a Hubbard Hamiltonian, the problem is analyzed using dynamical mean-field theory in combination with Wilson's nonperturbative numerical renormalization group. We present results for the single-particle density of states and the dynamical spin susceptibility at zero temperature. New spectral features (side peaks) are found which should be observable experimentally. In addition, we find a general enhancement of the Kondo scale due to correlations. Nevertheless, in the metallic phase, the Kondo scale always vanishes exponentially in the limit of small hybridization.     

Generalized numerical renormalization group for dynamical quantities

In this paper we introduce a new approach for calculating dynamical properties within the numerical renormalization group. It is demonstrated that the method previously used fails for the Anderson impurity in a magnetic field due to the absence of energy scale separation. The problem is solved by evaluating the Green function with respect to the reduced density matrix of the full system, leading to accurate spectra in agreement with the static magnetization. The new procedure provides a unifying framework for calculating dynamics at any temperature and represents the correct extension of Wilson's original thermodynamic calculation.     

Kondo effect in a magnetic field and the magnetoresistivity of kondo alloys

The effect of a magnetic field on the spectral density of a S = 1/2 Kondo impurity is investigated at zero and finite temperatures by using Wilson's numerical renormalization group method. A splitting of the total spectral density is found for fields larger than a critical value H(c)(T = 0) approximately 0.5T(K), where T(K) is the Kondo scale. The splitting correlates with a peak in the magnetoresistivity of dilute magnetic alloys which we calculate and compare with the experiments on CexLa1-xAl2,x = 0.0063. The linear magnetoconductance of quantum dots exhibiting the Kondo effect is also calculated.     

Signatures of gravitational fixed points at the Large Hadron Collider

We study quantum-gravitational signatures at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the context of theories with extra spatial dimensions and a low fundamental Planck scale in the TeV range. Implications of a gravitational fixed point at high energies are worked out using Wilson's renormalization group. We find that relevant cross sections involving virtual gravitons become finite. Based on gravitational lepton pair production we conclude that the LHC is sensitive to a fundamental Planck scale of up to 6 TeV.     

格点规范理论(Ⅰ)

本文介绍了由Wilson等人发展起来的处理粒子间强相互作用的格点规范理论。由于这个理论是建立在点阵上的规范理论,故首先讨论了点阵上体系的场论性质和统计物理性质之间的联系,介绍了处理粒子禁闭问题的Wilson判据,点阵的哈密顿形式。然后讨论了各种具体模型的计算方法,如规范场的点阵模型、紧致QED模型、费米子模型、阿贝尔Higgs模型等。在此基础上,总结出Wilson定理。本文也讨论了格点规范理论中的实空间重正化群方法,介绍了Heisenberg平面模型的重正化群分析,一维的二维的复现关系及Migdal近似。最后评介了近年来对于Wilson回路算子的一些研究,内容包括’t Hooft代数和Wilson回路算子方程等。     

Comparison of scale factor estimators for ultrasonic temperature monitoring: Application to structural health monitoring

In Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of materials, estimating the effects of environmental and operational conditions such as temperature is important. Indeed, temperature changes induce modifications of the mechanical properties of the material and therefore cause a dilation of the acoustic signals characterized by a scale factor. This paper described four scale factor estimators able to monitor changes in temperature: The short-time cross-correlation (STXC) method, the stretching method (STRE), the Minimum Variance Based Estimator method (MVBE) and the Scale Transform Based Estimator method (STBE). The first two methods have already been assessed in the literature while the latter two have been specifically developed for this study. First, closed-form for the Cramer-Rao bound on the estimates of the scale factor, from a simplified deterministic signal, are derived and simplified expressions are given. Then, a statistical evaluation of the quality of estimates is conducted through Monte-Carlo simulations using synthetic signals, based on a model taking into account the influence of temperature. A raw estimate of the computational complexity of signal processing methods also completes this evaluation phase. Finally, the experimental validation of estimation methods is conducted on an aluminum plate subjected to temperatures variations in a controlled thermal environment. The temperature estimates are then faced with an analytical model describing the material behavior.     

SU(2)格点规范理论SIN作用量在有限温度下的解除禁闭的相变

我们对SU(2)群格点规范理论的Sinl-Sin((1/2)T_rU_p)作用量做了有限温度下的Monte Carlo计算,观察到一个高温下解除禁闭的相变。临界点是Tc≈334±40Mev,这与使用Wilson作用量及其它类型作用量所得结果可以相容。     

考虑硅通孔的三维集成电路最高层温度模型

针对三维集成电路最高层芯片,引入硅通孔面积比例因子r,提出了考虑硅通孔的温度解析模型.Matlab分析表明,在芯片堆叠层数及芯片工作状态相同的情况下,考虑硅通孔之后的芯片温度比未考虑硅通孔时要低;r越大,芯片温度越低;当芯片堆叠层数较多且r较小时,温度随着r的减小急剧上升;对于8层的三维集成电路,硅通孔面积比例因子的最佳范围为0.5%~1%.     

全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数补偿技术

针对全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数随温度周期性变化的现象,根据矩阵光学方法研究了稳频状态下温度变化对环形激光面积的影响,获得了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数与稳频电压的关系,并得出光束偏移是引起标度因数随温度周期性变化的原因。根据标度因数与稳频电压的关系,建立了全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数补偿模型,通过实验对比了补偿前后标度因数的非线性度。结果表明,根据该补偿模型对全反射棱镜式激光陀螺标度因数进行补偿,标度因数非线性度提高了一个数量级以上,对提高全反射棱镜式激光陀螺的性能具有一定的参考价值。     

纳米金刚石在惰性气氛下的热处理

本文采用不同分析手段(其中包括TEM、SEM、RS和DSC等)对纳米金刚石粉末在惰性气氛下的25 1200℃热处理效应进行了深入细致的研究。研究发现经过热处理的纳米金刚石粉末在颗粒形貌和结构方面均存在不同程度的变化,Raman光谱和DSC分析还证实了纳米金刚石粉末在约751℃左右经历了石墨化的转变,该相变温度远低于体材料金刚石,原因在于粉末材料的纳米尺度效应。     

Symanzik's improved actions from the viewpoint of the renormalization group

We investigate Symanzik's improvement program in a four-dimensional Euclidean scalar field theory with smooth momentum space cutoff. We use Wilson's renormalization group transformation to define the improved actions as a sequence of initial data for the effective action at the fundamental cutoff. This leads to a sequence of solutions to the renormalization group equation. We define the parameters of the improved actions implicitly by conditions on the effective action at a renormalization scale. The improved actions are close approximations to the continuum effective action. We prove their existence to every order of improvement and to every order of renormalized perturbation theory.Supported in part by a German National Scholarship Foundation fellowship, and by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS/PHY 86-45122     

基于热红外成像技术的油菜菌核病早期检测研究

将热红外成像技术和低空遥感技术相结合,基于冠层和叶片两个尺度对菌核病侵染油菜的过程进行检测研究。从冠层尺度分析,首先获取整株样本的温度值(平均温度与最大温差),并采集其生理指数(气孔导度、CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率及光合速率)。然后,将染病样本与健康样本的温度值进行判别分析,并对其进行单因素方差分析。从结果可知,平均温度和最大温差值都可以对染病样本与健康样本进行区分,且最大温差相较平均温度结果较明显。同时单因素方差分析也显示,最大温差三次检测中均存在显著性差异。对获取的生理指数进行分析,发现染病样本与健康样本之间可以通过生理指数进行明显区分。另外,将生理指数与叶片温度进行相关性分析,结果表明二氧化碳浓度与叶片温度之间的三次检测均存在显著性差异。基于叶片尺度,首先从单一叶片来看健康区域和染病区域的温度差异,可以明显区分出染病区域和健康区域的温度差异。然后,提取健康区域与染病区域的的温度值(最大温度、最小温度、平均温度以及最大温差)对进行对比分析,并对其进行单因素方差分析。结果表明,以上四个温度指标均可以区分叶片的染病区域和健康区域。但根据单因素方差分析结果可知,与冠层尺度相同,最大温差三次检测中均存在显著性差异,可以实现对油菜菌核病的早期识别。     

保偏反射膜温度特性对BGOCT灵敏度影响的理论研究

采用琼斯矩阵方法对保偏膜反射相移温度特性对块状光学电流互感器（BGOCT）灵敏度的影响作了理论研究,结果表明,当温度从5.3℃变化到39℃时,表征系统灵敏度的归一化尺度因子会在一定范围内变化.表明镀制于光学玻璃电流传感头上的保偏膜反射相移温度特性影响光学电流传感器的稳定性.因此,在实际系统设计中对光学玻璃电流传感头应采取必要的温度控制或补偿措施.     

3ω法研究微尺度下铂丝自然对流换热

建立了测量微细丝表面空气自然对流换热系数3ω法模型。利用3ω法测量了直径为10.6μm水平和垂直方向铂丝表面室温下的空气换热系数。水平和垂直铂丝产生的三次谐波比较接近,结果说明,微尺度下空气的自然对流换热以导热为主,自然对流作用可以忽略。基于3ω线法原理,引入形状因子并提出了微尺度下铂丝表面换热系数的理论计算模型。空气自然对流换热系数远大于大尺度下的值,主要原因是铂丝的面积体积比值大。     

保偏膜式光学玻璃电流传感头温度特性理论分析

用理论分析和计算机仿真的方法研究了环境温度变化导致的光源中心波长移动和传感头材料Verdet常量与应力双折射变化对光学电流互感器输出性能的影响.结果表明：环境温度由10℃变化到30℃时,归一化尺度因子降低了1.379%.其中光源中心波长随温度的变化对输出尺度因子的影响大于其他光学参量温度特性的影响.因此,在光学电流互感器设计中,必须采取必要的技术措施减小或补偿传感头温度特性对系统的不利影响.     

CONFINEMENT PROPERTIES OF THE PURE GAUGE FIELDS ON COSET SPACE OF AN ABELIAN CHIRAL GROUP

In this paper the lattice current-current propagator is calcdlated and the influence of coset pure gauge fields of an abelian chiral group G=U₁×U₁⁵ on confinement properties of a quark system is discussed by virtue of the Wilson's criterion in lattice gauge theory. When subgroup H is U₁, the coset pure gauge fields only contribute a perimeter law factor to the current current propagator which has no influence on confinement properties of the system. When subgroup H is U_s, the coset puregauge fields have no influence on wnfinement properties of the system either.     

Normal products in the Thirring model

The short-distance behavior of products of fields is studied in the Thirring model of a self-interacting, massless, spinor field in two dimensions. One is able to construct normal products which share most of the convenient properties of the free-field Wick products. A modified form of Wilson's expansion formula is verified. The original formulation of Wilson's hypothesis is seen to hold to every finite order in the coupling constant, but fails in the exact solution of the model for sufficiently strong coupling.Research supported by the Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento Econômico and the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas.     

The equations of Wilson's renormalization group and analytic renormalization

In the present series of two papers we solve exactly Wilson's equations for a long-range effective hamiltonian. These equations arise when one seeks a fixed point of the Wilson's renormalization group transformations in the formulation of perturbation theory. The first paper has a general character. Wilson's renormalization transformation and its modifications are defined and the group property for them is established. Some topological aspects of the renormalization transformations are discussed. A space of projection hamiltonians is introduced and a theorem on the invariance of this space with respect to the renormalization transformations is proved.     

Enhanced polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation from thermal gravitational waves

If inflation was preceded by a radiation era, then at the time of inflation there will exist a decoupled thermal distribution of gravitons. Gravitational waves generated during inflation will be amplified by the process of stimulated emission into the existing thermal distribution of gravitons. Consequently, the usual zero temperature scale invariant tensor spectrum is modified by a temperature dependent factor. This thermal correction factor amplifies the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation by an order of magnitude at large angles, which may now be in the range of observability of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.     

Effect of the density-gradient term in the free energy expression on critical exponents

The density gradient term in the free-energy expression for a fluid can, as previously shown, be corrected so that the effect of this term on the correlation length parallels the effect of the other terms. It is shown that this same correction improves the values of the critical exponents when applied to Wilson's simplified version of the renormalization theory.