物理光学法分析反射面天线辐射场

利用物理光学方法分析天线的远区辐射场具有计算速度快和内存需求少的特点,目前已被广泛应用于反射面天线的远区辐射场计算中。推导了利用斯特拉顿-朱兰成远场积分方程计算天线远区电场的表达式,计算了某一偏馈反射面天线的方向性,与文献中已有结果比较表明,方向图结果是正确的。馈源的方向图模型设置为余弦函数的q次方,利用增益公式近似推导了天线的增益,将这一计算方法应用于赋形反射面天线的远场分析中,通过对比反射面天线赋形前后波束扫描过程中不同扫描角度处的方向图,验证了赋形设计对于提高天线增益平坦度的有效性。     

等离子体通道天线的辐射场计算

提出了一种用于高功率微波武器的等离子体通道天线(PCA),计算了该天线的辐射方向图。推导出了一般性天线的辐射方向函数;建立了PCA的近似电磁模型;给出了圆坐标系下PCA和周围空气中的电磁场,利用边界条件得出了PCA的色散方程,求出PCA的表面波波矢。重点讨论了PCA的辐射场随等离子体密度、天线长度、半径的变化,证实了PCA方向图的可控性。     

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提出了一种用于高功率微波武器的等离子体通道天线(PCA),计算了该天线的辐射方向图。推导出了一般性天线的辐射方向函数;建立了PCA的近似电磁模型;给出了圆坐标系下PCA和周围空气中的电磁场,利用边界条件得出了PCA的色散方程,求出PCA的表面波波矢。重点讨论了PCA的辐射场随等离子体密度、天线长度、半径的变化,证实了PCA方向图的可控性。     

抑制地面反射影响的高功率微波辐射场测量方法

在对空气-地面分层媒质中微波传播与反射理论分析的基础上,研究了地面反射对测点处不同垂直高度电场分布的影响,推导得到了电场分布随垂直高度变化曲线的振荡周期理论计算公式,针对高功率微波源总功率测量,提出了一种双天线阵列抑制地面反射影响的高功率微波辐射场测量方法,通过数值计算、低功率连续波实验、大功率短脉冲实验等进一步验证了理论公式的正确性,以及双天线阵列抑制地面反射影响方法的可行性。结果表明,与单接收天线相比,双天线阵列法可将地面反射影响由原有的4dB降低至0.6dB以下,从而有效减小了高功率微波辐射场的测量不确定度,为高功率微波源总功率准确测量奠定了基础。     

Theoretical study of two-element array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna on ferrite substrate

The radiation characteristics of a two-element array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna on a ferrite substrate are studied theoretically by considering the presence of bias magnetic field in the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves. It is found that the natural modes of propagation in the direction of magnetic field are left- and right-circularly polarized waves and these modes have different propagation constants. In loss-less isotropic warm plasma, this array antenna geometry excites both electromagnetic (EM) and electroacoustic plasma (P) waves in addition to a nonradiating surface wave. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the EM- and P-waves can be decoupled into two independent modes, the electroacoustic mode is longitudinal while the electromagnetic mode is transverse. The far-zone EM-mode and P-mode radiation fields are derived using vector wave function techniques and pattern multiplication approaches. The results are obtained in both plasma medium and free space. Some important antenna parameters such as radiation conductance, directivity and quality factor are plotted for different values of plasma-to-source frequency.     

光电导天线太赫兹辐射峰值调控研究

针对微结构光电导天线与飞秒激光之间相互作用效应以及辐射太赫兹波调控问题进行了研究。采用德鲁德-洛伦兹理论模型获得微结构光电导天线辐射光电流密度,通过时域有限差分把光电流密度迭代在激励网格上,结合麦克斯韦方程求解时变电磁场,并通过传输线格林函数获得多层介质近场到远场的辐射太赫兹波,建立了辐射光电流与辐射阻抗、电磁共振模式之间的关系模型,模拟仿真分析了微结构S型光电导天线太赫兹波辐射调控机理。研究结果表明:微结构改变了天线等效模型的辐射阻抗;同时得知耦合系数不为零时存在耦合作用,且随着耦合系数增大共振频率峰值发生辐射增强和位移;并通过设计S型光电导天线获得辐射峰值频率调整范围为0.50~0.80 THz之间,对比工形天线辐射峰值频率由原来的0.40 T移动到0.76 T,频率调整度75%,峰值辐射效率约提高70%。该研究工作为后续高功率光导天线太赫兹波辐射的共振中心频点以及结构设计奠定重要基础。     

Shape reconstruction of metallic objects from intensity scattered field data only

We address an inverse scattering problem using only amplitude information of the scattered field. In particular, we are concerned with the reconstruction of the shape of a metallic planar obstacle, located in a known plane (aperture plane), starting from the knowledge of the intensity of the scattered field over two measurement planes in near zone and parallel to the aperture plane, when a single-frequency incident plane wave is exploited. The formulation of the inverse scattering problem is given under the physical optics approximation, and thus the resulting phase retrieval problem is quadratic. This allows us to apply some phase retrieval techniques already developed for antenna diagnostics. Reconstruction results with synthetic data indicate the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

Theoretical study of 2 X 2 element planar array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna in plasma medium

The radiation properties of 2 X 2 element planar array of equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna in plasma medium are studied. The array factor and far-zone EM-mode and P-mode radiation fields of the array geometry are derived using vector wave function techniques and pattern multiplication approaches. The total field patterns and various characteristics of pattern such as half power beam width (HPBW), first null beam width (FNBW) and direction of maximum radiation are computed for two different values of progressive phase excitation difference between the elements. The results of this array geometry are obtained both in plasma medium and in free space and compared with those of single element equilateral triangular patch microstrip antenna.     

Adiabatic frequency up-conversion of a powerful electromagneticpulse producing gas ionization

The theory of strong frequency upconversion of the powerful ionizing electromagnetic radiation in gases is presented based on the modified nonlinear geometrical optics approximation. The permanent spectrum upshift versus propagation path, exceeding considerably the initial frequency, is demonstrated without strong wave dissipation for the cases of impact and field-induced ionization in the high-intensity field range. Reflectionless propagation into the supercritical plasma and broad-band tuning of the laser radiation are emphasized as highly promising physical applications of the phenomenon described     

Radiation properties of ICRF waveguide couplers

The radiation spectra of a dielectric-filled waveguide (DWG) and a folded waveguide (FWG) antenna in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies are evaluated for tokamaks with the waveguide codes, which model the coupling of the waveguide modes to the plasma waves with outward radiating boundary conditions. The codes provide a self-consistent calculation of the fields across the waveguide apertures for various antenna phasings taking into account a complete set of waveguide eigenmodes including the reflected modes and, in the case of DWG, an arbitrary orientation of the antenna to the plasma magnetic field. In the studied cases, the spectra are found to be well described by a model which is based on a simplified wave field pattern determined by the antenna aperture geometry. Comparison to the corresponding loop antenna is carried out     

An analysis of millimeter wave quasi-optical gaussian beam radiation-perturbational expansion method

In this paper perturbational expansion of wave equation is used to analyse the Gaussian beam radiation efficiency and the near field distribution of aperture antenna. The analysis is also suitable at large angles from boresight because the Gaussian beam used here is corrected to satisfy wave equation. An approach of minimum deviation of aperture field is used to calculate the Gaussian beam radiation efficiency, and calculation results is compared with that of Wydle's[1].     

海洋波导中目标声辐射场的计算方法

针对海洋波导中目标声辐射场的计算问题,提出了一种基于波叠加法并在近、远场采用不同水声传播模型的建模方法,可以将近、远场作为一个统一的系统进行高效地分析。该方法通过给定的已知表面振动速度的结构计算出目标内部虚拟点声源的源强,再配合在相应的水声环境中点声源传播模型的Green函数计算出结构外的声辐射场。以Green函数为纽带,在求源强和计算近场声辐射场时采用镜像虚源法,而在计算远场声辐射场时采用简正波法。通过该方法得到的有限水深波导中声速剖面为正梯度、负梯度、负跃层的3种情况下的脉动球、刚体摆动球的声辐射场计算结果与COMSOL的有限元计算结果进行对比,结果表明了该方法在提高计算效率的同时保证了计算精度。      

Body area networks at radio frequencies: Creeping waves and antenna analysis

On-body communication technology development requires a better knowledge of antenna radiation and wave propagation along the body, in both near and far fields. Therefore, Green's functions associated with penetrable cylinders are briefly reviewed, considering frequencies at which the body is not much larger than the wavelength and with a particular attention given to the near fields. A unified approach based on current sheets is provided and an acceleration technique is proposed. This is validated with the help of an FDTD software, which also allows the analysis of non-canonical cross-sections. The properties of creeping waves launched by sources parallel and perpendicular to the body are studied, in particular from the point of view of their phase velocity, and a very simple fitting model is proposed. It is also explained how the Green function can be exploited to analyze antennas very efficiently with the help of an integral-equation approach.     

准光激励毫米波圆波导旋转TE6 2模式产生器

 介绍了采用准光方法激励圆波导产生旋转TE_{6 2}模式的设计原理、测试方法和实验结果。该模式产生器由毫米波光学系统和开放同轴波导谐振腔系统组成:毫米波光学系统由角锥喇叭天线、双曲面反射镜、抛物面反射镜、修正抛物面反射镜等部件组成;开放同轴波导谐振腔系统由开放同轴波导谐振腔、圆波导、测试辐射喇叭天线组成。通过网络分析仪和毫米波近场自动测试系统测试表明:该模式产生器在频率为96.4 GHz附近产生的圆波导旋转TE_{6 2}模式的纯度达到97%。     

Radiation of scalar waves by the discontinuities in the antenna geometries

The electrical scalar potential satisfies the Helmholtz equation for time-harmonic waves and Aharonov-Bohm showed that the electromagnetic potentials have physical reality. For these reasons, the scalar potential represents scalar wave propagation in space. The gradient of the scalar wave leads to the electric field intensity, but it does not create the magnetic field. The criteria for the radiation of the scalar waves are studied on various linear antennas. The radiation integrals of the antennas are evaluated asymptotically by taking into account the edge effects. The radiation diagrams are plotted numerically and the phase velocities of the scalar waves are investigated in the near field.     

Wu-King 加载偶极天线的FDTD分析

 用时域有限差分法分析了高斯脉冲激励的Wu-King加载偶极天线的特性。给出了天线周围空间瞬态场的变化情况及天线上的电流波形,这种形象化的结果为加载脉冲辐射天线的设计和改进提供了直观的物理依据。通过时域远近场变换,得到了天线脉冲辐射远场。计算并给出了描述脉冲辐射器性能的时域参数：保真度和能量方向图。     

超宽带TEM天线的数值模拟

 用数值方法研究了超宽带电磁脉冲源经同轴型传输线输出到TEM天线上的发射问题。TEM喇叭天线的前端是平行板传输线。用时域有限差分方法模拟了超宽带电磁脉冲在平行板传输线和TEM波喇叭中的传输,给出了天线的输入阻抗和电压驻波比随频率的变化关系、天线的辐射场分布以及天线辐射的能量方向图等。     

A theory of a receiving antenna in a moving isotropic plasma

We analyze the response of a dipole antenna to the noise-like and/or regular (quasimonochromatic) plasma oscillations and waves. The antenna is immersed in an isotropic plasma moving with velocity greater than the electron thermal velocity. In the case of a noise field, we calculate the squared spectral power density of the noise voltage at the input of a receiving antenna for frequencies close to the electron plasma frequency. It is shown that the main contribution to the noise is made by the radiation due to the excitation of waves at anomalous Doppler frequencies. In the case of an incident monochromatic wave, the mean square voltage at the antenna input is calculated as a function of the wave frequency and angle of arrival. It is shown that the effective antenna length can differ strongly from the geometrical length of the dipole. This fact results from the dispersion of longitudinal waves ensuring that many plane waves (a continuum, in the limiting case) contribute to the re-radiated field for a given direction of propagation of the radiation energy.     

大型双反射面天线近轴区辐射FDTD-TDPO模拟

针对大型双反射面天线尺寸过大、使用单一的时域方法无法单独模拟其远区辐射特性,以及使用单一的高频近似技术无法给出准确结果的局限,给出了用于大型双反射面天线时域辐射模拟的并行时域有限差分(PFDTD)-并行时域物理光学(PTDPO)混合方法。先创建两个用于并行计算的进程组,一个用于PFDTD计算,另一个用于PTDPO计算; 再根据PFDTD方法计算出双反射面天线馈源的近磁场,同时根据这些磁场使用基尔霍夫表面积分表达式(KSIR)并行计算出次反射面上及其附近的磁场,再使用KSIR并行计算出主反射面上的磁场; 最后使用PTDPO方法计算出双反射面天线的远区辐射场的瞬态响应。同时,还给出主反射面口径为40个波长的Cassegrain双反射面天线的算例,并对馈源相同而口径尺寸不同的双反射面天线进行近轴区的时域辐射模拟。     

矩形单元声场波函数构造及其应用*

在波叠加法中,结构外部声场是在离散边界上对Green函数进行积分并叠加得到,但数值积分的计算效率较低。而等效源法虽然提高了计算效率,但其面源简化为点源的过程中存在较大的积分近似误差。针对上述两种方法的缺陷,构造了一种波函数以替代离散单元关于Green函数积分的声场。首先,利用球坐标系下Helmholtz方程的解,推导了替代矩形单元积分的一般形式波函数及效率更高的内推波函数。其次,当离散单元为正方形时,将其近似成圆形域,进一步简化了内推波函数的表达式。最后,将所构造的波函数应用于声场计算。数值结果表明,在计算单个矩形单元外部辐射声场时,构造的波函数不仅保证了计算精度,而且相比于直接积分大幅度提高了计算效率。其中,矩形域一般形式和内推形式的波函数计算效率是直接积分的5～6倍,圆形域内推波函数计算效率达到了直接积分的12～13倍。在简支板声源和立方箱体辐射声源数值算例中,圆形域内推波函数在整个计算频段的声场计算精度均高于等效源法。