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1.
Lingshui Wang Jun Shen Zhourong Feng Hengzhi Fu 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2013,113(1):177-183
In order to investigate the effect of rotating magnetic field on the microstructure formation of peritectic alloys, directional solidification experiments of Sn–1.6Cd peritectic alloy have been conducted under different rotating magnetic field conditions. The directional solidification microstructure of Sn–1.6Cd peritectic alloy changes from banded structure to axisymmetric isolated banded structure to axisymmetric oscillatory tree-like banded structure and to single primary phase structure when the magnetic Taylor number of forced-melt flow generated by a rotating magnetic field increases from 0 to 91 to 364 and to 1456. The second and third banded structures are observed in a peritectic alloy for the first time. The results indicate that it is possible to control solidification microstructure and prepare a single primary phase structure by using a rotating magnetic field during directional solidification of peritectic alloys. The experiments show that the effect of forced-melt flow on solute distribution transforms from solute buildup to homogenization with an increase in the magnetic Taylor number. The formation mechanisms of those structures are also discussed. 相似文献
2.
凝固界面前沿颗粒间的相互作用决定了颗粒的运动轨迹、分布和材料的性能,控制熔体中颗粒的迁移可用于材料的净化和提纯.在Cu-30%Fe合金液固两相区施加不同的强磁场条件,富Fe颗粒的分布和排列不尽相同.当无强磁场作用时,富Fe颗粒较均匀地分布在Cu熔体中;随着施加稳恒强磁场磁感应强度的增加,富Fe颗粒向远离重力方向的试样上端迁移,样品底部几乎无富Fe颗粒;而施加向下的梯度磁场作用后,富Fe颗粒沿重力方向向下迁移.结合强磁场作用下颗粒的受力情况,分析了Fe颗粒的迁移行为.不同磁场条件和不同区域的颗粒直径统计分析表明,随磁感应强度增加,Fe颗粒聚合增加,但施加梯度强磁场后颗粒的团聚又逐渐减弱,对此从影响颗粒运动的Stokes和Marangoni凝并速度进行了讨论.从能量最低的角度解释了富Fe相沿平行磁场方向的取向排列. 相似文献
3.
A phase-field model coupling with velocity field is employed to study the effect of boundary heat flux on the microstructure formation of a Ni-40.8%Cu alloy with liquid flow during the solidification, and an anti-trapping current is introduced to suppress the solute trapping due to the larger interface width used in simulations than a real solidifying material. The effect of the flow field coupling with boundary heat extractions on the microstructure formation as well as distributions of concentration and temperature fields are analyzed and discussed. The forced liquid flow can significantly affect the heat and solute diffusions, thus influencing morphology formation, concentration and temperature distributions during the solidification. The solute segregation and concentration diffusion are changed by boundary heat extractions, and the morphology, concentration and temperature distributions are significantly influenced by increasing the heat extraction, which relatively makes the effect of liquid flow constrained. By increasing the initial velocity of liquid flow, the lopsided rate of the primary dendrite arm is enlarged and the growth manner of dendrite arms gets changed, and the transition of the microstructure from dendrite to cellular moves to the large heat extraction direction. Therefore, there exists the competition between the heat flux, temperature gradient and forced liquid flow that finally determines the microstructure formation during directional solidification. 相似文献
4.
合金中溶质组元的组织形态和分布对于改善合金的组织和性能具有重要意义.本文研究了铝合金在强磁场作用下的凝固行为,考察了Al-Cu,Al-Mg合金中溶质组元的相形态、分布状况随高强度均恒磁场和梯度磁场的强度和方向变化的规律.研究发现,由于Cu元素和Mg元素的物性不同导致其在基体中受到的电磁力不同,在均恒磁场作用下,铝合金中Cu元素和Mg元素在α-Al基体晶粒内和晶界上的分布变化规律相反;在梯度磁场作用下,Cu元素和Mg元素在铝基体中含量和分布状态也有显著的差异.本研究为利用强磁场有效控制不同物性的溶质元素在合金基体中组织状态和分布提供了实验依据.
关键词:
强磁场
铝合金
溶质元素分布
凝固组织
凝固过程 相似文献
5.
采用耦合群体动力学方法与元胞自动机方法建立了细化处理条件下铝合金凝固微观组织演变的数值模型.该模型考虑了a-Al的非均匀形核过程、晶粒的初始球形长大以及之后的枝晶生长过程.利用建立的模型模拟了Al-5Ti-1B中间合金细化工业纯铝凝固组织演变过程.结果表明:形核初始阶段,熔体中存在充足数量的有效形核粒子, a-Al形核率随着熔体过冷度的增大逐渐增高;形核开始不久后, a-Al的异质形核过程由熔体中有效形核粒子数量控制,直到再辉发生,形核停止.模拟分析了中间合金添加量以及熔体冷却速度对工业纯铝凝固组织演变过程的影响,模拟结果与实验结果相符,验证了模型的准确性. 相似文献
6.
以Mn-56.5 wt%Sb包晶合金为研究对象, 进行了不同磁场、不同冷速条件下的凝固实验. 通过对液相线温度、包晶温度的考察, 发现强磁场可以提高Mn-56.5 wt%Sb合金的液相线温度, 且该上升值随磁感应强度的增加而增加, 当所施加的磁感应强度为11.5 T时, 液相线温度升高大约3 ℃, 但施加磁场后包晶反应温度没有明显改变. 对该合金的凝固组织进行定量金相分析发现, 施加磁场后MnSb相明显减少, 该结果与磁场对相变温度的影响相一致. 另外通过X射线衍射分析发现, 强磁场诱发包晶反应生成相MnSb的c轴垂直于磁场方向取向, 而Mn2Sb相的(311)面平行于磁场方向取向. 对不同冷速凝固的Mn-56.5 wt%Sb合金组织进行定量金相分析结果显示, 强磁场对合金凝固过程的作用效果受到冷却速度的影响. 随着冷却速度的增加, 强磁场对该合金凝固组织中MnSb相的相对含量变化影响效果减弱.
关键词:
强磁场
包晶合金
凝固
相变温度 相似文献
7.
实验研究了低频交变电磁场作用下, 7075合金半连铸坯微观组织形貌及各溶质元素的固溶 情况;并就电磁场对液固相线位置和结晶间隔的改变进行了测定;此外还数值模拟了电磁场 对半连铸过程中液穴内部温度场和流动场的影响.从电磁场对7075合金凝固过程中的溶质分 配系数,结晶间隔,液穴内部温度场、流动场以及微观组织形貌的影响出发,尝试性地对电 磁场的强制固溶机理进行探讨性的解释和说明.
关键词:
电磁场
半连铸
铝合金
固溶 相似文献
8.
Numerical simulation of dendrite growth and microsegregation formation of binary alloys during solidification process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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The dendrite growth and solute microsegregation of Fe-C
binary alloy are simulated during solidification process by using cellular
automaton method. In the model the solid fraction is deduced from the
relationship among the temperature, solute concentration and curvature of
the solid/liquid interface unit, which can be expressed as a quadric
equation, instead of assuming the interface position and calculating the
solid fraction from the interface velocity. Then by using this model a dendrite
with 0 and 45 degree of preferential growth direction are simulated
respectively. Furthermore, a solidification microstructure and solute
microsegregation are simulated by this method. Finally, different
Gibbs-Thomson coefficient and liquid solute diffusing coefficient are
adopted to investigate their influences on the morphology of dendrite. 相似文献
9.
We describe a field-cycling magnetic resonance experiment aimed to study the nuclear spinlattice relaxation in the simultaneous presence of an oscillating magnetic field and a magnetomechanically induced perturbation across the sample volume. The studied system is a gelatine doped with surfacted nanosize ferromagnetic particles. The spin system relaxes in coexistence with the magnetic interaction between the dopants and a weak external alternating magnetic field. Due to the interaction between the alternating field and the high magnetic moment of the dopants, a mechanical shaking of the particles becomes effective at low evolution fields. In this way, the particles act as local sonic sources, thus transmitting the vibrations to the gelic matrix where they are trapped. The impact produced on the molecular dynamics is observed through a magnetic resonance relaxation experiment. Saturation of the proton magnetization produced by the alternating magnetic field is also discussed. Results are compared with the direct effects produced by a pure sonic perturbation at the same frequency, introduced by coupling a piezoelectric transducer in direct contact with the sample. 相似文献
10.
凝固过程中横向限制挡板的存在对晶体微观结构的演化存在重要的影响, 不同性质的横向挡板将产生不同的限制效应, 对最终凝固微观组织形成起着决定性作用. 本文利用非等温相场模型, 定性地模拟了纯金属Ni凝固过程中横向限制的存在对其枝晶微观形貌演化的影响, 研究了不同尺寸及性质的横向挡板对枝晶微观结构形成的影响, 讨论了横向限制对不同初始枝晶间距枝晶形貌发展的作用. 计算结果表明, 横向限制挡板的存在将直接影响凝固过程中微观组织的形貌演化过程并最终改变微观结构. 随着横向挡板间距的减小, 微观组织变化更加明显; 挡板初始温度越低, 枝晶形貌改变越明显; 初始枝晶间距越大, 形貌变化越明显; 不同挡板高度对微观结构具有基本相同的影响.
关键词:
相场模拟
微观组织演化
横向限制 相似文献
11.
Noato Tanji 《Annals of Physics》2009,324(8):1691-1736
Pair creation in a uniform classical electromagnetic field (Schwinger mechanism) is studied focusing on the time evolution of the distribution of created particles. The time evolution of the distribution in time-dependent fields is also presented as well as effects of back reaction. Motivated by the Glasma flux tube, which may be formed at the initial stage of heavy-ion collisions, we investigate effects of a magnetic field parallel to an electric field, and find that the magnetic field makes the evolution of a fermion system faster. 相似文献
12.
The structures of suspensions comprised of magnetic and nonmagnetic particles in magnetic fields are studied using two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations. The magnetic interaction among magnetic particles, magnetic field strength, and concentrations of both magnetic and nonmagnetic particles are considered as key influencing factors in the present work. The results show that chain-like clusters of magnetic particles are formed along the field direction. The size of the clusters increases with increasing magnetic interaction between magnetic particles, while it keeps nearly unchanged as the field strength increases. As the concentration of magnetic particles increases, both the number and size of the clusters increase. Moreover, nonmagnetic particles are found to hinder the migration of magnetic ones. As the concentration of nonmagnetic particles increases, the hindrance on migration of magnetic particles is enhanced. 相似文献
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14.
研究了功率超声作用下,直径为10 mm Al-1%Si合金键合线水平连铸坯的微观组织形貌以及溶质元素在基体中的分布情况.实验结果表明:在功率超声作用下,铸坯的凝固组织得到了细化,Si元素在α(Al)基体中的固溶度及其分布的均匀性得到了提高,溶质偏析得到了抑制.从功率超声对Al-1%Si合金凝固过程中的溶质扩散,结晶温度间隔,液穴形态,温度场和流动场以及合金微观组织形貌的影响出发,尝试性地对功率超声抑制溶质元素微观偏析的机理进行探讨性的解释和说明.
关键词:
功率超声
水平连铸
Al-1%Si合金
溶质偏析 相似文献
15.
采用落管方法实现了液态三元Fe-Cr-Ni合金的深过冷与快速凝固,合金液滴的冷却速率和过冷度均随液滴直径的减小而迅速增大.两种成分合金近平衡凝固组织均为粗大板条状α相.在快速凝固过程中,不同直径Fe_(81.4)Cr_(13.9)Ni_(4.7)合金液滴凝固组织均为板条状α相,其固态相变特征很明显,随着过冷度增大,初生δ相由具有发达主干的粗大枝晶转变为等轴晶.Fe_(81.4)Cr_(4.7)Ni_(13.9)合金液滴凝固组织由α相晶粒组成,随着过冷度增大,初生γ相由具有发达主干的粗大枝晶转变为等轴晶,其枝晶主干长度和二次分枝间距均显著下降,晶粒内溶质的相对偏析度也明显减小,溶质Ni的相对偏析度始终大于溶质Cr.理论计算表明,与γ相相比,δ相枝晶生长速度更大.在实验获得的过冷度范围内,两种Fe-Cr-Ni合金枝晶生长过程均由热扩散控制. 相似文献
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合金凝固过程中存在于枝晶尖端液相区的强制对流和自然对流均能改变溶质扩散层厚度,从而会对枝晶形貌产生较大影响.在元胞自动机模型基础上,耦合液体流动方程、热传导方程和溶质对流扩散方程,建立了新的计算微观组织演化的数值模型,并利用该模型研究了强制对流和自然对流对枝晶生长的影响.三维数值模拟结果再现了强制对流作用下等轴枝晶的生长过程,揭示了强制对流对枝晶生长速率和尖端半径的影响特点.同时利用该模型模拟了NH4Cl-H2O溶液定向凝固过程中自然对流对柱状晶生长的影响,并采用相应的实验进行验证.模拟结果与实验结果符合良好,从而证明该模型是可靠的,可推广到实际合金系中.
关键词:
元胞自动机
对流
4Cl-H2O溶液')" href="#">NH4Cl-H2O溶液
定向凝固 相似文献
20.
A refined, equiaxed grain structure and the formation of finer primary intermetallic phases are some of the notable benefits of ultrasonic processing of liquid/solidifying melts. Ultrasonic treatment (UST) has been widely explored in Al and Mg-based alloys due to its operational versatility and scalability. During UST, the refinement of grain and primary intermetallic phases occurs via cavitation-induced fragmentation mechanisms. In addition, UST improves the efficiency (activation of particles) of the conventional grain refinement process when potent particles are added through master alloys. Though the UST’s ability to produce refined as-cast structures is well recognized, the understanding of the refinement mechanisms is still debated and unresolved. Significant efforts have been devoted to understanding these mechanisms through the use of sophisticated techniques such as in-situ/ real-time observation, lab-scale and commercial-scale casting processes. All these studies aim to demonstrate the significance of cavitation, fragmentation modes, and alloy chemistry in microstructure refinement. Although the physical effects of cavitation and acoustic streaming (fluid flow) are primary factors influencing the refinement, the dominant grain refinement mechanisms are affected by several solidification variables and casting conditions. Some of these include melt volume, solute, cooling rate, potent particles, grain growth (equiaxed, columnar or dendritic), and the cold zones of the casting where the onset of nucleation occurs. This review aims to provide a better insight into solidification variables emphasizing the importance of cold zones in generating fine structures for small- and large-volume (direct chill) castings. Another important highlight of this review is to present the relatively less explored mechanism of (acoustic) vibration-induced crystallization and discuss the role of cavitation in achieving a refined ingot structure. 相似文献