(Na+、K+、Mg2+),(Cl-、SO42-),H2O五元系统介稳平衡的研究

本文报道(Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺),(Cl^-、SO₄^2-),H₂O五元系统介稳平衡实验的数据。并作出25℃的(Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺),(Cl^-、SO₄^2-),H₂O五元介稳平衡相图。包括八个均为氯化钠所饱和的结晶区域即:氯化钾、钾钠芒硝(3K₂SO₄·MgSO₄)、软钾镁矾(MgSO₄·K₂SO₄·6H₂O)、硫酸钠、白钠镁矾(MgSO₄·Na₂SO₄·4H₂O)、七水硫酸镁、光卤石和水氯镁石(MgCl₂·6H₂O)。(Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺),(Cl^-、SO₄^2-),H₂O五元系统介稳平衡相图研究的成功证明在复杂的多组元系统中存在介稳平衡。和Van't Hoff的该五元系统稳定平衡相图比较有较大的差别:钾镁矾(MgSO₄·K₂SO₄·4H₂O)、钾盐镁矾(KCl·MgSO₄·3H₂O)及硫酸镁的低水化合物结晶区域消失了;钾钠芒硝、白钠镁矾结晶区域缩小;氯化钾、七水硫酸镁、光卤石结晶区域增大,特别是软钾镁矾结晶区域约增大20倍,这对于制取硫酸型钾盐具有重要意义。在所制作的五元系统介稳相图中,由于钾镁矾和钾盐镁矾结晶区域消逝,因而硫酸镁与氯化钾结晶区直接连接,在蒸发海水时,有可能直接析出氯化钾。根据所作的五元系统介稳相图,提出了自盐湖析出的芒硝和光卤石、氯化钠直接加工为硫酸型钾盐的原则流程。     

邻苯二酚衍生物与稀土元素配位反应的研究(Ⅴ)——3,4-二羟基苯甲酸与铈(Ⅲ)的配位与转型反应

研究了稀土元素铈(Ⅲ)离子与3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(H₃L)在水溶液体系中生成羧基配位化合物的条件,表征其组成为Ce(H₂L)₂(OH)·3H₂O,并研究了该配合物在一定条件下,铈离子由羧基配位反应变为由两个邻酚羟基配位的配合物[Ce(HL)_n]的转型反应及氧化成铈(Ⅳ)配合物的反应。     

体系Mg(NO3)2-MgCl2-H2O作为相变储能材料的相图预测

应用修正的BET热力学模型对Mg(NO₃)₂-MgCl₂-H₂O体系在273～373 K的相图进行预测, 发现两个共晶点, 并通过实验对共晶点组成材料的吸热和放热行为进行测定, 发现三元共晶点Mg(NO₃)₂•6H₂O(45.6%)-Mg(NO₃)₂•2H₂O (29.6%)-MgCl₂•6H₂O(24.8%)储能效果较差, 而二元共晶点Mg(NO₃)₂•6H₂O(61.6%)-MgCl₂•6H₂O(38.4%)在熔点附近具有很好的储放热能力, 其相变热焓经差热分析为136.8 J•g^－1, 说明该材料可用作潜在的相变储能材料.     

三元体系MgCl2-CO(NH2)2-H2O在25℃时的等温溶度与新相研究

测定了25℃时三元体系MgCl₂-CO(NH₂)₂-H₂O的等温溶度及饱和溶液的折光率和密度,且绘制成溶度图和性质-组成图.在三元体系内形成2个三元化合物新相:MgCl₂·CO(NH₂)₂·4H₂O(记作A)和Mgcl₂·4CO(NH₂)₂·2H₂O(记作B),B为新化合物.三元体系的溶度图由4支单饱和线[对应单饱和固相为MgCl₂·6H₂O、三元化合物A和B、CO(NH₂)₂]组成,这4支单饱和线两两交于3个三元无变点[对应双饱和固相为MgCl₂·6H₂O+A、A+B、B+CO(NH₂)₂].     

Pd(OAc)2/Cu(OTf)2在离子液体BMImPF6中催化苯乙烯二聚反应的研究

在离子液体BMImPF₆中, 用不同的钯催化剂和Lewis酸三氟甲磺酸铜Cu(OTf)₂共催化苯乙烯二聚反应, 发现用Pd(OAc)₂/Cu(OTf)₂作催化剂, Pd/Cu物质的量之比为1～4时, 可高产率高选择性地获得苯乙烯二聚产物1,3-二苯基-1-丁烯. BMImPF₆对催化剂有较好的溶解性, 可固定催化剂体系, 使催化剂有效地与产品分离. 同时, α-甲基苯乙烯的二聚反应表明, 室温下不发生反应, 提高温度有利于反应进行.     

两种苯磺酸镉(Ⅱ)配合物的结构及催化性能研究

以碳酸镉为原料,分别与苯磺酸和对甲基苯磺酸反应生成[Cd(H₂O)₆](C₆H₅SO₃)₂(1)和[Cd(H₂O)₅](p-CH₃C₆H₄SO₃)₂·H₂O(2),产物均为无色结晶固体。通过红外光谱、热重和X-ray单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征。结果表明:两种配合物均为单斜晶系,配合物1中Cd²⁺与6个配位水中的氧原子配位。配合物2中Cd²⁺与5个配位水中的氧原子和一个对甲苯磺酸基团中的氧原子配位,两种配合物均形成畸形的八面体空间构型。以1-氨甲酸酯基烷基-2-萘酚的合成为探针反应,考察了苯磺酸镉和对甲基苯磺酸镉的催化性能。     

四元水盐体系H+, Li+, Mg2+/CI——H2O中0℃时相平衡的研究

1.本文报告四元体系H⁺,Li⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O的研究。此体系H⁺,Li⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O在0℃时的等温溶度图上有MgCl₂·6H₂O,HCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O,LiCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O,LiCl·2H₂O,LiC1.本文报告四元体系H⁺,Li⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O的研究。此体系H⁺,Li⁺,Mg²⁺ Cl^--H₂O在0℃时的等温溶度图上有MgCl₂·6H₂O,HCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O,LiCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O,LiCl·2H₂O,LiCl·H₂O等五种盐的结晶区域以及一个HCl分压大于1大气压的区域。 2.在研究三元体系H⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O时,进一步证实有可称为氢(或泋)光滷石的复盐HCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O生成,它于1大气压下在約44℃分解。在三元体系H⁺,Li⁺∥Cl^--H₂O中,当0℃时,它也作为固相之一而存在。 3.初步考察所研究的三元和四元体系中的盐析作用。确定在溶液粗成变化相当大的范围内,MgCl₂·6H₂O的溶度随氯化氢和氯化锂的浓度增加而比例下降(以重量克分子浓度表示溶液组成),同时在四元体系中氯化氢与氯化锂对溶液中氯化鎂的盐析作用呈加和性,即它们在四元体系中的总盐析作用等于它们分别在相应三元体系中对氯化镁的盐析效应之和。l·H₂O等五种盐的结晶区域以及一个HCl分压大于1大气压的区域。 2.在研究三元体系H⁺,Mg²⁺∥Cl^--H₂O时,进一步证实有可称为氢(或泋)光滷石的复盐HCl·MgCl₂·7H₂O生成,它于1大气压下在約44℃分解。在三元体系H⁺,Li⁺∥Cl^--H₂O中,当0℃时,它也作为固相之一而存在。 3.初步考察所研究的三元和四元体系中的盐析作用。确定在溶液粗成变化相当大的范围内,MgCl₂·6H₂O的溶度随氯化氢和氯化锂的浓度增加而比例下降(以重量克分子浓度表示溶液组成),同时在四元体系中氯化氢与氯化锂对溶液中氯化鎂的盐析作用呈加和性,即它们在四元体系中的总盐析作用等于它们分别在相应三元体系中对氯化镁的盐析效应之和。     

CuSO4(ZnSO4)-CO(NH2)2-H2O三元体系在30℃时的等温溶度研究

报道了CuSO₄(ZnSO₄)-CO(NH₂)₂-H₂O两个三元体系在30℃时的等温溶度及饱和溶液的折光率,绘制了相应的溶度图和折光率-组成图.两个三元体系中分别形成了组成为CuSO₄·3CO(NH₂)₂·H₂O(异成分溶解)和ZnSO₄·CO(NH₂)·2H₂O(同成分溶解)的化合物,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射及热分析对新相进行了表征.     

系列Sm3+配合物的合成、结构及光物理性能

采用水热方法合成了4种Sm³⁺配合物, 即{[SmZn(2,5-pdc)₂(tp)_0.5(H₂O)]·2H₂O}_n(1), [Sm₂Zn₂(C₆H₅COO)₁₀(Imh)₂(H₂O)₂](2), {[Sm₂(NO₂C₆H₄COO)₆(H₂O)₄]·H₂O}_n(3)和{[SmN(CH₂COO)₃(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n(4)[2,5-pdc=2,5-吡啶二羧酸根, tp=对苯二甲酸根, C₆H₅COO=苯甲酸根, Imh=咪唑, NO₂C₆H₄COO=对硝基苯甲酸根, N(CH₂COO)₃=氨三乙酸根]. 通过单晶X射线衍射确定了其晶体结构. 在室温下测定了其红外光谱、 紫外-可见-近红外光谱以及在近红外区和可见区的发射光谱. 结果表明, 4种配合物在近红外区或可见区均出现Sm³⁺离子的特征发射. 这是形成配合物后, Zn-配体部分和配体对Sm³⁺离子发光的敏化作用所致. 此外, 讨论了不同有机配体或d过渡金属离子对Sm³⁺离子发光的影响, 并分析了配合物中Sm³⁺离子的近红外发射带位移、 劈裂和加宽的原因.     

由3-二茂铁-2-丁烯酸根和1,10-邻菲啰啉构筑的一维链状铅(II)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及电化学性质

Pb(OAc)₂•3H₂O, 3-二茂铁-2-丁烯酸钠以及1,10-邻菲啰啉在甲醇中反应得到了铅的配位聚合物: [Pb(m-OOCCH＝C(CH₃)Fc)(m₂-OOCCH＝C(CH₃)Fc)(phen)]_n (Fc＝(h⁵-C₅H₅)Fe(h⁵-C₅H₄); phen＝1,10-邻菲啰啉). 单晶测试表明: 每个铅离子为六配位, 其中4个氧原子来自4个3-二茂铁-2-丁烯酸根, 另2个氮原子来自邻菲啰啉; 相邻的铅离子通过3-二茂铁-2-丁烯酸根的单齿和双齿氧原子桥连形成了一个无限的一维长链. 研究了标题化合物在DMF溶液中的电化学性能.     

Synthesis and structure of Zn7(mu4-O)2(OAc)10(Pz)2(OAc = acetate; Pz = pyrazine)

Reaction of Zn(OAc)(2).2H(2)O with pyrazine in refluxing ethanol gives the unusual heptanuclear complex Zn7(mu4-O)(2)(OAc)(10)(Pz)(2) (1) (OAc = acetate, Pz = pyrazine) in 46% yield. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of revealed a central Zn(7) core in which two pseudo-tetrahedral Zn(4) units are joined at a common vertex. The two pyrazine molecules are bound as terminal (eta1) ligands.     

Oxidative splitting of secondary cycloalkanols by Pb(OAc)4-LiCl AND Pb(OAc)4-Cu(OAc)2 systems

Conclusions As the result of the reaction of cyclopentanol and cyclohexanol with the Pb(OAc)₄-LiCl and Pb(OAc)₄-Cu(OAc)₂ systems, -formylalkyl radicals CH₂(CH₂)_n+1CHO (n=2, 3) are formed, which are oxidized by these systems into -chloroalkanals and -alkenals, respectively.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1345–1348, June, 1984.     

Pd(OAc)_2/HQ/FePc、Pd(OAc)_2/FePc 催化烯烃氧化合成酮的研究

考察了在乙腈酸性水溶液中Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／氢醌（ＨＱ）／酞青铁（ＦｅＰｃ）和Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／ＦｅＰｃ对环己烯、环戊烯、苯乙烯、正癸烯氧化合成相应酮的催化活性．实验结果表明，两类催化体系对环戊烯的酮基化均呈现出较高的催化活性，环戊酮收率可达９８％．在其它烯烃的氧化反应中，三元催化体系Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／ＨＱ／ＦｅＰｃ的催化活性高于二元的Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／ＦｅＰｃ．这表明，在Ｗａｃｋｅｒ类催化体系中，电子传递体的作用是很重要的．对催化体系中各组分的作用进行了讨论，并给出了可能的催化作用机理．     

Cu（OAc）2 catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in amines

A simple Cu(OAc)_2 catalyzed Sonogashira coupling protocol is presented.It was found that the couplings of a variety of aryl halides with terminal alkynes were conducted smoothly to afford the corresponding desired products in moderate to excellent yields,using Cu(OAc)_2 as the catalyst and Et3N as the solvent.     

Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed carbonylation of amines

A phosphine-free catalytic system [Pd(OAc)2-Cu(OAc)2-air] induced a substrate-specific carbonylation of amines in boiling toluene under CO gas (1 atm). Symmetrical N,N'-dialkylureas were obtained by the carbonylation of primary amines. N,N,N'-Trialkylureas were selectively formed by addition of a secondary amine to the above reaction vessel. Secondary amines did not give tetraalkylureas. However, dialkylamines with a phenyl group on their alkyl chains, such as N-monoalkylated benzylic amine or phenethylamine derivatives, underwent a direct aromatic carbonylation to afford five- or six-membered benzolactams. In the carbonylation, the chelation effect or steric repulsion between Pd(II) and the meta-substituent in the ortho-palladation and the ring sizes of cyclopalladation products that were formed prior to carbonylation were found to generate good site selectivity and increase the reaction rate. In contrast, carbonylation of omega-arylalkylamines with a hydroxyl group gave neither ureas nor benzolactams but instead produced 1,3-oxazolidinones smoothly. Hydrochlorides of amines also underwent carbonylation to afford the corresponding amides under the conditions used. This procedure made it possible to prepare ureas of amino acid esters and N-alkylcarbamates in practical yields.     

Photopromoted methoxycarbonylation of olefin with methyl formate by Co（OAc）2

The photopromoted methoxycarbonylation of olefin with methyl formate catalyzed by Co(OAc)2 at ambient conditions has been carried out.The results indicated that the reaction activity increased with the increasing temperature.Methyl formate decomposed into CO and CH_3OH firstly under irradiation,and then the methoxycarbonylation of olefin proceeded under catalysis of Co(OAc)_2. The mechanism of methyl formate participating in the methoxycarbonylation is verified by the IR analysis and the labeling experiments of CD_3OD and CH_3~(18)OH.     

无配体、在空气下Pd(OAc)_2催化的Heck反应研究

研究了无配体、空气下Pd(OAc)2催化的Heck反应.多种芳基碘化物、芳基溴化物可以与烯丙基醋酸酯、丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯等烯基化合物在Pd(OAc)2催化下发生Heck反应.该反应不需要配体的加入,在空气中就可以进行.讨论了碱、添加剂、溶剂、催化剂等因素对反应产率的影响.该反应的最优化条件是:Pd(OAc)2(5mol%)为催化剂,Ag2CO3(0.6equiv.)为添加剂,以苯或甲苯为溶剂空气中回流12h,芳基碘化物、芳基溴化物可以顺利地与烯丙基醋酸酯、丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯等烯基化合物发生Heck反应,以较高的产率得到目标产物.     

Biomimetic Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids with PhI（OAc）2 Catalyzed by Manganese Porphyrin [Mn（TPP）OAc]

Manganese（Ⅲ） meso-tetraphenylporphyrin acetate [Mn（TPP）OAc] served as an effective catalyst for the oxidative decarboxylation of carboxylic acids with （diacetoxyiodo）benzene [PhI（OAc）2] in CH2CI2-H2O（95：5, volume ratio）. The aryl substituted acetic acids are more reactive than the less electron rich linear carboxylic acids in the presence of catalyst Mn（TPP）OAc. In the former case, the formation of carbonyl products was complete within just a few minutes with 〉97% selectivities, and no further oxidation of the produced aldehydes was achieved under these catalytic conditions. This method provides a benign procedure owing to the utilization of low toxic（diacetoxyiodo） benzene, biologically relevant manganese porphyrins, and carboxylic acids.     

Preparation of benzolactams by Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed direct aromatic carbonylation

We developed a new method for Pd(II)-catalyzed direct aromatic carbonylation in a phosphine-free catalytic system using Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2 in an atmosphere of CO gas containing air. The carbonylation proceeded with ortho-palladation, inducing a remarkable site selectivity to afford a variety of five- or six-membered benzolactams from secondary omega-arylalkylamines, such as N-alkylbenzylamines or N-alkylphenethylamines.     

Hg(OAc)(2).0.1Sc(OTf)(3)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 2-(4-pentynyl)furan

[structure: see text]. Although the Hg(OTf)2.3TMU-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts-type reaction of 3-(4-pentynyl)furan afforded the exo cyclization product, the reaction of 2-(4-pentynyl)furan furnished a very low yield. We found a 10:1 mixed reagent of Hg(OAc)2 and Sc(OTf)3 showed remarkable catalytic activity for the latter transformation. The actual reacting species is presumed to be Hg(OAc)(OTf), which is efficiently generated in situ by mixing the two reagents.