基于多周期测量的四频差动激光陀螺高精度信号解调

分析了四频差动激光陀螺信号的解调原理，针对采用频率测量计数解调方法存在脉冲量化造成的角速度测量分辨率低的问题，改用多周期测量来代替频率测量，大大提高了四频差动激光陀螺信号的解调精度。通过数字滤波器滤波处理，可以减少随机噪声干扰，进一步提高精度。为满足实时性要求，该方法采用FPGA来实现。实验表明，此方法提高了四频差动激光陀螺角速度测量分辨率，为快速高精度方位自对准奠定了基础。     

硅微陀螺正交误差及其对信号检测的影响

分析了硅微陀螺正交误差在运动方程中的表现,利用Simulink仿真研究了正交误差对信号检测的影响。文中先推导了不等弹性存在的情况下正交误差等效角速度的表达式,随后分析了某型硅微陀螺在角速度输入为0（°）/s和80（°）/s时敏感振动的频谱图,最后仿真分析了正交误差对模拟和数字检测电路的影响。经分析,对于模拟解调电路,正交误差会导致陀螺的零偏和温漂;对于数字解调电路,由于正交误差大大减小了敏感振动的电压幅值对角速度的标度因数,在AD量化噪声及其它电路噪声一定的情况下,会使陀螺零偏稳定性变差,从而限制了数字解调的优势。     

基于等效输入的光纤陀螺带宽自主测试方法

针对光纤陀螺频带测试角震动台输入频率低的问题,通过在光纤陀螺反馈阶梯波上叠加正弦信号用于等效外部输入角速度,对陀螺解调输出信号按照幅值进行判断得到陀螺带宽。分析了输入等效正弦波幅值满足条件;针对正弦信号在相位调制器上调制产生的相位差随频率变化的缺点对相位差幅值进行补偿;提出了利用直接数字合成技术生成正弦波信号和极值搜索算法检测信号幅值的带宽检测方案,利用陀螺自身硬件基础实现自主检测。通过建立数字闭环光纤陀螺模型,利用Simulink进行了仿真分析。结果表明该检测算法能实现陀螺频带宽度的全频率范围测量,不受外部输入信号测试频率限制,能够用于光纤陀螺带宽测试。     

微机械陀螺同步解调灵敏度分析

介绍了微机械陀螺工作原理和敏感输出信号组成,针对敏感输出中含有正交误差信号和同相误差信号的情况,分析了基于单相锁定放大的解调方法对陀螺性能的影响,分析表明该方法会降低解调的灵敏度,使标度因数产生衰减,在电气噪声水平一定的情况下,会使陀螺的零偏稳定性变差。针对以上不足,研究了基于双相锁定放大的解调改进方法,首先采用两路正交参考信号测量敏感信号的相位,然后通过移相使一路参考信号和哥氏信号精确同相,进而解调得到角速度输出。分析表明,该方法可使陀螺标度因数达到最大,从而提高了陀螺灵敏度,有利于改善零偏稳定性。     

MEMS硅微陀螺仪系统级建模与仿真研究

根据MEMS陀螺仪敏感哥式加速度、测量角速度的原理,建立MEMS陀螺系统级行为模型是分析MEMS陀螺仪内部的驱动、检测和信号解调等行为过程及改进陀螺整个系统的性能的重要方法。根据MEMS陀螺的动力学方程及其内部组成,将MEMS陀螺分成驱动电路、传感器、信号调理电路等三部分,建立了MEMS陀螺系统级模拟行为模型,运用相关检测技术对角速度信号进行了提取,并对模型进行了仿真验证。仿真结果验证了所设计模型的有效性,所建模型可以用于MEMS陀螺的特性和性能分析。     

GFSINS姿态角速度双路组合方案设计

针对无陀螺捷联惯导系统解算载体姿态角速度精度不高的系统瓶颈,分析现有的一种九加速度计配置方案角速度信息输出特征,提出通过改进解算方法,在载体上同时获取两套相对完整而独立的姿态角速度信息从而构成姿态角速度双路组合方案的设想,并且在该组合方案中引入反馈型自适应神经网络,通过设置合理的神经网络学习周期,提供更逼近真实值的加速度计输出,结合包含加速度计误差少、没有加速度计误差积累两种优点的姿态角速度辅助算法,以获得更高精度的载体姿态角速度输出,进一步提高无陀螺捷联惯导系统导航精度.仿真结果验证了该设计思想可行性,并且证明了角速度双路组合方案相对普通角速度解算方案在精度上的优势.     

无陀螺惯性测量单元设计及仿真分析

在简述无陀螺惯性测量单元(GF-IMU)测量角速度的一般原理的基础上,提出了一种九加速度计的配置方案及其角速度解算方法.该算法利用加速度计输出的测量信息直接求得所测量的角速度的绝对值,没有积分运算引入的迭代误差,在一定程度上提高了载体角速度的解算精度.针对该九加速度计配置方案在解算载体角速度时,存在需要开方及符号误判等不足,提出一种解算角速度的微分算法,彻底消除解算过程中开方及符号判断带来的误差,提高了系统精度和实时性.仿真分析证明了方案的可行性和算法的有效性.     

石英音叉陀螺信号解调原理和角速度提取算法

介绍了石英音叉陀螺输出信号的成分,通过将其误差信号分解为一组相互正交的信号,建立了输出信号的模型.提出了一种利用基于锁相环(PLL)的正交矢量型锁定放大器解调石英音叉陀螺信号的方案,该方案利用锁相环作为锁定放大器的参考通道,它能消除驱动信号漂移的影响,并为正交矢量型锁定放大器提供一组互相正交的参考信号.正交矢量型锁定放大器提供被测信号的矢量信息,它输出的同相分量和正交分量通过旋转校正算法消除误差信号,从而提取出角速度信号.     

GFSINS姿态角速度解算滤波环节设计

姿态角速度解算是无陀螺捷联惯导系统（GFSINS）的关键技术之一,目前基于代数方法提取的GFSINS姿态角速度的精度无法达到导航要求。通过总结现有的姿态角速度信息代数提取方法,分析各提取方法的输出特点,设计了四类姿态角速度提取的滤波提取方案,并利用系统两路独立的姿态角加速度和姿态角速度输出,设计了一类组合滤波器。仿真结果表明该滤波器获得的姿态角加速度和姿态角速度输出精度和稳定性相对现有姿态角速度信息代数提取算法均有大幅度提高。     

一种用于无陀螺捷联惯导系统的角速度融合算法

无陀螺捷联惯导系统(GFSINS)是用加速度计的合理空间组合解算出载体的角速度。载体角速度的解算精度是GFSINS的技术关键。在分析GFSINS九加速度计配置方案的基础上,提出一种新的角速度融合算法,消除该方案解算过程中开方计算及符号判断带来的误差。该算法还明显抵消了加速度计输出中包含的常值零点偏移误差和温度漂移误差等,具有实时性好、计算量小、通用性强的优点。仿真计算表明该算法可行,并能在一定程度上提高系统解算精度。     

A modified incremental harmonic balance method for rotary periodic motions

The determination of periodic solutions is an essential step in the study of dynamic systems. If some of the generalized coordinates describing the configuration of a system are angular positions relative to certain reference axes, the associated periodic motions divide into two types: oscillatory and rotary periodic motions. For an oscillatory periodic motion, all the generalized coordinates are periodic in time. On the other hand, for a rotary periodic motion, some angular coordinates may have unbounded magnitude due to the persistent circulation about their pivots. In this case, although the behaviour of the system is periodic physically, those angular coordinates are not periodic in time. Although various effective methods have been developed for the determination of oscillatory periodic motion, the rotary periodic motion can only be determined by brute force integration. In this paper, the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is modified so that rotary periodic motions can be determined as well as oscillatory periodic motions in a unified formulation. This modified IHB method is applied to a practical device, a rotating disk equipped with a ball-type balancer, to show its effectiveness.     

Nonlinear instabilities in a vibratory gyroscope subjected to angular speed fluctuations

Nonlinear instabilities in a single-axis vibrating MEMS gyroscope that is subjected to periodic fluctuations in input angular rates are investigated. For the purpose of characterizing the bifurcation behavior associated with the steady-state, when the angular rate input is subject to small intensity periodic fluctuations, dynamic behavior of periodically perturbed nonlinear gyroscopic systems is studied in detail. An asymptotic approach based on the method of averaging has been employed for this purpose, and closed-form conditions for the frequency response due to parametric resonances have been obtained. This behavior has been illustrated via amplitude-frequency plots.     

On the stability of thin periodic plates

In this paper a new modelling method of thin plates with a periodic structure along one direction and with a slowly-varying structure along the perpendicular direction in the planes parallel to the plate midplane is presented. The model is a certain generalisation of the length-scale model of periodic plates, which makes it possible to take into account the effect of periodicity cell size on the dynamics of plates with two-directional periodic structure (Jȩdrysiak and Woźniak, 1995; Jȩdrysiak, 1998). In order to describe this effect in stationary processes, e.g. a plate stability, for one-directional periodic plates the generalised model is applied in this paper. Applications to the stability problems and a comparison with effective stiffnesses models will be shown.     

Trajectory optimization and applications using high performance solar sails

The high performance solar sail can enable fast missions to the outer solar system and produce exotic non-Keplerian orbits. As there is no fuel consumption, mission trajectories for solar sail spacecraft are typically optimized with respect to flight time. Several investigations focused on interstellar probe missions have been made, including optimal methods and new objective functions. Two modes of interstellar mission trajectories, namely “direct flyby” and “angular momentum reversal trajectory”, are compared and discussed. As a foundation, a 3D non-dimensional dynamic model for an ideal plane solar sail is introduced as well as an optimal control framework. A newly found periodic double angular momentum reversal trajectory is presented, and some properties and potential applications of this kind of inverse orbits are illustrated. The method how to achieve the minimum periodic inverse orbit is also briefly elucidated.     

An Approach to Rotating Boundary Layers Based on Vector Radon Measures

In this paper we develop a new approach to rotating boundary layers via Fourier transformed finite vector Radon measures. As an application we consider the Ekman boundary layer. By our methods we can derive very explicit bounds for existence intervals and solutions of the linearized and the nonlinear Ekman system. For example, we can prove these bounds to be uniform with respect to the angular velocity of rotation which has proved to be relevant for several aspects (see introduction). Another advantage of our approach is that we obtain well-posedness in classes containing nondecaying vector fields such as almost periodic functions. These outcomes give respect to the nature of boundary layer problems and cannot be obtained by approaches in standard function spaces such as Lebesgue, Bessel-potential, Hölder or Besov spaces.     

微静电陀螺仪再平衡回路设计

微静电陀螺仪依靠可控的静电力,将高速旋转的陀螺转子稳定地悬浮在高真空的电极腔中心,是一种能实现两自由度角速率测量的新型微机电陀螺。针对大角度、高角速率的捷联式惯性导航系统应用,对陀螺仪再平衡回路进行了设计。讨论了陀螺仪的动力学特性,给出了补偿负刚度特性的方法,采用双频波特图对系统稳定性进行了分析,给出了再平衡回路的性能仿真结果。仿真与分析表明,陀螺仪允许的最大输入角速度为768(°)/s,标度系数为6.44mV/((°)·s-1)。     

一类三维慢变振荡器周期解的奇摄动解

本文给出一类三维慢变振荡器周期解的求解方法,实例计算结果与文献[1]一致,利用本文的方法可研究文献[1]不能研究的问题。     

The Length-scale Effect in the Buckling of Thin Periodic Plates Resting on a Periodic Winkler Foundation

In this paper a new modelling method, called the tolerance averaging method, is presented and applied to analyse a buckling of thin periodic plates resting on a periodically heterogeneous Winkler foundation. The derived length-scale model makes it possible to take into account the effect of periodicity cell size (the length-scale effect) on the overall plate behaviour, on the contrary to the known homogenised models of periodic plates neglecting this effect. In order to evaluate obtained results the buckling problems of those plates are analysed using not only the proposed model but also a certain effective stiffnesses model. A comparison between obtained results leads to a conclusion that the length-scale effect could not be neglected in buckling of periodic plates resting on a Winkler foundation.     

Suggestion of a new definition of angular strain

A new definition of angular strain is put forward in this paper. Analogous to the definition of linear strain, angular strain is also defined as a rate of change (of angular displacement). It is verified that the new definition is equivalent to the original besides being more convenient for geometrical interpretations. Using this new definition we have deduced the transformation formulas for rotation of coordinate axes, established the strain tensor and proved the Hooke’s law for shearing.     

角速率输入下的航姿算法研究

在某些航姿系统中,陀螺采用角速率信号输出,针对这种情况,作推导了几种航姿算法的圆锥运动误差表达式,并且在理论上比较了它们的误差。理论推导和随后的仿真都证明四元数航姿算法较为适合角速率信号输入。