超细Cu-ZnO-ZrO2催化剂的制备及其催化CO2加氢合成甲醇的性能

 采用溶胶－凝胶法、共沉淀法和共沸蒸馏法制备了一系列不同粒度范围的超细Cu－ZnO－ZrO2催化剂,并应用BET,XRD,TEM和TPR等物理化学方法对催化剂的结构和物化性质进行了表征,同时考察了催化剂上CO2加氢合成甲醇的反应性能．结果表明,超细Cu－ZnO－ZrO2催化剂具有粒度小、颗粒分布均匀和稳定性好的特点,并发现超细Cu－ZnO－ZrO2催化剂比大颗粒的工业Cu－ZnO－Al2O3催化剂具有更高的催化活性,而且随着催化剂粒度的减小,甲醇合成活性进一步增大．研究还发现,ZrO2具有稳定反应活性中心的作用．     

铂基催化剂用于柴油烃氧化

The catalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts for the total oxidation of hydrocarbons was investigated.The activity of supported Pt catalysts(Pt/Al2O3,Pt/ZrO2,Pt/TiO2,and Pt/H-ZSM-5)depends on the metal oxide support.Pt/Al2O3 showed the highest catalytic activity when the catalysts were aged at 750°C for 50 h in air.The activity of Pt/Al2O3 was dependent on the valence state of the Pt surface.Pt/Al2O3 with the Pt surface in the metallic state was more active than with the surface in the cationic state.The surface density of acid and basic sites on the Al2O3 support controlled the valence state of the Pt surface and stability of the Pt particles in the highly dispersed state,respectively.     

载体对担载Ni催化剂甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响

制备了 Zr O2 、Mg O改性的 Al2 O3、Ti O2 复合载体 ,并应用 X-射线粉末衍射 (XRD)、比表面积测定、扫描电镜 (SEM)等手段进行了表征 .结果表明 ,这些氧化物在 Al2 O3上的晶粒尺寸小、比表面积大 ,分散较好 ,而在Ti O2 上的分散性较差 .对经 10 73K焙烧的 Mg O/ Ti O2 ,还发现部分 Ti O2 载体由锐钛矿变为金红石 ,同时生成Mg Ti O3 新相 .考察了载体对 Ni催化剂的 CH4与 CO2 重整反应活性的影响 ,其次序为 :Mg O/ Al2 O3>Zr O2 /Al2 O3>Al2 O3>Mg O >Zr O2 >Ti O2 >Mg O/ Ti O2 . Ti O2 及 Mg O/ Ti O2 担载 Ni催化剂的低活性可能与 Ti O2 本身的还原性有关     

Effect of supporting surface layers on catalytic activities of gold nanoparticles in CO oxidation

The surfaces of fumed silica materials were modified with a surface sol-gel process for catalysis applications. This surface-modification approach allows not only a monolayer growth of TiO(2) or Al(2)O(3) but also a stepwise double-layer growth of TiO(2)/TiO(2), Al(2)O(3)/Al(2)O(3), TiO(2)/Al(2)O(3), or Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2) on the surfaces of the silica materials with a monolayer precision. XRD analyses revealed that the coated monolayers and double layers of TiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) were amorphous. Gold nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the above six surface-modified silica materials via a deposition-precipitation method. The catalytic activities of these six gold catalysts for CO oxidation are highly dependent on the structures of their surface monolayers or double layers. The gold catalyst supported on the silica material functionalized with a TiO(2) monolayer (Au/TiO(2)) is the most active in both as-synthesized and oxidized forms, while the gold catalyst supported on the silica material functionalized with an Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2) double layer (Au/Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2)/SiO(2)) is the most active in the reduced form among the six catalysts. Surprisingly, the gold catalyst supported on the silica material functionalized with a TiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) double layer (Au/TiO(2)/Al(2)O(3)/SiO(2)) has much less activity than Au/Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2)/SiO(2) under all various treatments, underscoring the sensitivity of the catalytic activity to the structure of the supporting surfaces.     

锆改性钴基费-托合成催化剂催化性能的研究

 考察了助剂锆和金属钴负载量对锆改性Co／Al2O3催化剂催化性能的影响．结果表明，锆助剂能够高度分散在氧化铝载体上，而活性组分钴以一定尺寸存在；锆的添加能够明显地提高Co／Al2O3催化剂的催化活性和C5＋烃选择性，但助剂锆含量对催化剂催化性能的影响不大；在锆存在下，催化剂的催化活性随金属钴含量先升高后降低．进一步的研究表明，催化剂上烃形成速率的提高可能是由于锆助剂能够增加催化剂的活性位数目，增强桥式CO吸附的强度，在Co－ZrO2间形成界面．     

负载型Cu-Mn-Ce催化剂燃烧VOCs反应的载体效应

以MgO,Al2O3,SiO2,TiO2和ZrO2为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载型Cu-Mn-Ce(CMC)三元复合氧化物催化剂,并用TG,XRD,BET和H2-TPR对催化剂进行了表征,以甲苯和丙酮催化燃烧为模型反应,考察了该催化剂的催化活性。结果表明,纯CMC催化剂的铈基固溶体结构表现出优良的催化活性,当CMC负载在SiO2和Al2O3上后,其大比表面积和表面羟基均不利于CMC活性固溶体结构的形成,另外Mn,Cu等过渡金属与MgO载体发生相互作用而破坏了CMC的活性结构。TiO2和ZrO2则较好地保持了CMC活性固溶体的结构,并显著提高了CMC催化剂的高温热稳定性。     

Oxidation of CO on gold supported catalysts prepared by laser vaporization: direct evidence of support contribution

Gamma-Al2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2 gold supported model catalysts have been synthesized by laser vaporization. Structural characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy experiments have shown that the gold clusters deposited on the different supports have similar distribution of size centered around 3 nm and are in the metallic state. However, X-ray photoemission measurements also indicate lower binding energies than the usual Au 4f(7/2) at 84.0 eV for both alumina and titania supported catalysts, indicating a modification of the electronic structure of the metal. One has taken benefit of these features to study the influence of the nature of the support toward CO oxidation activities without being hindered by particle size or gold oxidic species effects. By comparing the activities of the different catalysts, it is concluded that the nature of the support directly affects the activity of gold. The following tendency is observed: titania and zirconia are superior to alumina as supports, titania being slightly better than zirconia. From XPS and activity results we can conclude that the existence of negatively charged clusters is not the key point to explain the high activity observed for Au/ZrO2 and Au/TiO2 catalysts and also that metallic Au is the major catalytically active phase. Hence, due to their very nature, titania and to a less extent zirconia should participate to the catalytic process.     

Direct gas-phase epoxidation of propylene to propylene oxide using air as oxidant on supported gold catalyst

Gold catalysts supported on SiO2, TiO2, TiO2-SiO2, and ZrO2-SiO2 supports were prepared by impregnating each support with a basic solution of tetrachloroauric acid. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） techniques were used to characterize their structure and surface composition. The results indicated that the size of gold particles could be controlled to below 10 nm by this method of preparation. Washing gold catalysts with water could markedly enhance the dispersion of metallic gold particles on the surface, but it could not completely remove the chloride ions left on the surface. The catalytic performance of direct vapor-phase epoxidation of propylene using air as an oxidant over these catalysts was evaluated at atmospheric pressure. The selectivity to propylene oxide （PO） was found to vary with reaction time on the stream. At the reaction conditions of atmosphere pressure, temperature 325 ℃, feed gas ratio V（C3H6）/V（O2）= 1/2, and GHSV =6000h^-1, 17.9% PO selectivity with 0.9% propylene conversion were obtained at initial 10 min for Au/SiO2 catalyst. After reacting 60 min only 8.9% PO selectivity were detected, but the propylene conversion rises to 1.4% and the main product is transferred to acrolein （72% selectivity）. Washing Au/TiO2-SiO2 and Aa/ZrO2-SiO2 samples with magnesium citrate solution could markedly enhance the activity and PO selectivity because smaller gold particles were obtained.     

粉末化学镀法制备的NiB／TiO2非晶态合金催化剂对环丁烯砜加氢反应的催化性能

 采用诱导沉积法及粉末化学镀法分别制备了纯态NiB及负载型NiB／TiO2非晶态合金催化剂．用XRD，ICP，SEM，TEM和DSC等手段对催化剂的物性及TiO2载体与NiB非晶态合金之间的相互作用进行了表征，考察了非晶态合金的结构、组成、形貌和热稳定性，并将其用于环丁烯砜加氢反应中．结果表明，相对于NiB而言，NiB／TiO2催化剂具有优良的热稳定性和催化活性，这缘于NiB和TiO2载体之间的相互作用及载体的分散作用．     

以ZrO2-TiO2为载体的整体式锰基催化剂应用于低温NH3-SCR反应

以MnO2为活性组分,Fe2O3为助剂,制备了以TiO2及ZrO2-TiO2为载体的整体式催化剂.考察了它们在不同温度焙烧后应用于富氧条件下,NH3选择性催化还原.(NH3-SCR)氮氧化物的低温反应性能和高温稳定性.用X射线衍射(XRD)实验、比表面积测定(BET)、储氧性能测定(OSC)及程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,以ZrO2-TiO2为载体的催化剂具有很好的高温热稳定性,并具有较高的比表面积和储氧能力.同时具有较强的氧化能力.催化剂的活性测试结果表明,以ZrO2-TiO2为载体的整体式锰基催化剂明显地提高了NH3-SCR反应的低温活性,具有良好的应用前景.     

以ZrO2-TiO2为载体的整体式锰基催化剂应用于低温NH3-SCR反应

以MnO2为活性组分, Fe2O3为助剂, 制备了以TiO2及ZrO2-TiO2为载体的整体式催化剂. 考察了它们在不同温度焙烧后应用于富氧条件下, NH3选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)氮氧化物的低温反应性能和高温稳定性. 用X射线衍射(XRD)实验、比表面积测定(BET)、储氧性能测定(OSC)及程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等方法对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 以ZrO2-TiO2为载体的催化剂具有很好的高温热稳定性, 并具有较高的比表面积和储氧能力, 同时具有较强的氧化能力. 催化剂的活性测试结果表明, 以ZrO2-TiO2为载体的整体式锰基催化剂明显地提高了NH3-SCR反应的低温活性, 具有良好的应用前景.     

残存钠对铜基甲醇合成催化剂活性与稳定性的影响

通过控制去离子水洗涤次数,制备了一系列不同钠含量的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2甲醇合成催化剂,研究了钠含量对催化剂活性和稳定性的影响.结果表明,催化剂的活性和稳定性随着残存钠含量的降低而迅速增加.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜表征发现,残存的钠会加速催化剂的烧结,使晶粒长大,降低催化剂的比表面积.为了得到高活性和高稳定性的铜基甲醇催化剂,必须将催化剂中的钠含量控制在0.5mg/g以下。     

Catalytic abatement of CO and volatile organic compounds in waste gases by gold catalysts supported on ceria-modified mesoporous titania and zirconia

Mesoporous oxides TiO2 and ZrO2, synthesized by surfactant templating via a neutral C13(EO)6–Zr(OC3H7)4 assembly pathway, and ceria‐modified TiO2 and ZrO2, prepared by a deposi‐tion–precipitation (DP) method, featuring high surface areas and uniform pore size distributions were used as supports for gold catalysts. The supported gold catalysts were assessed for the cata‐lytic abatement of air pollutants, i.e., CO, CH3OH, and (CH3)2O. The gold was supported on the mes‐oporous oxides by a DP method. The supports and catalysts were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, and temperature‐programmed reduction technique. A high degree of synergistic interaction be‐tween ceria and mesoporous ZrO2 and TiO2 as well as a positive modification of the structural and catalytic properties by ceria was observed. The ceria additive interacts with the mesoporous oxides and induces a strong effect on the reducibility of the supports. The catalytic behavior of the catalysts was discussed to determine the role of the ceria modifying additive and possible interaction be‐tween the gold nanoparticles and ceria‐mesoporous oxide supports. The gold catalysts supported on ceria‐modified mesoporous ZrO2 displayed superior catalytic activity (~100%conversion of CO at 10 °C and CH3OH at 60 °C). The high catalytic activity can be attributed to the ability of the sup‐port to assist oxygen vacancies formation. The studies indicate that the ceria‐modified mesoporous oxide supports have potential as supports for gold‐based catalysts.     

Au/Al2O3催化剂的制备及其在CH4/CO2重整反应中的催化活性

采用浸渍法和沉积－沉淀法制备了四种不同的Au/Al2O3催化剂，测定了它们在氢气还原前后及催化反应后的金含量及比表面积，结果表明，制备方法明显影响催化剂的金含量，应用X－光粉末衍射技术研究了这些催化剂经还原处理及反应后的物相变化，金以Au^0物相存在，没有发现氧化态的金物相，考察了该催化剂在CH4／CO2重整反应中的催化活性，发现金催化剂的活性取决于金粒子的大小，浸渍法制备的金催化剂具有较大的金晶粒尺寸，催化活性低，沉积－沉淀法制备的金催化剂金晶粒尺寸较小，催化活性较高，以尿素为沉淀剂制备的催化剂给出1073K时的CH4和CO2转化率分别为8．1％和17．6％，高温反应不仅导致金晶粒的聚集，而且存在明显的金流失现象。     

镍掺杂对氧化铝纳米片负载金催化剂在CO氧化反应中的促进作用（英文）

负载型金催化剂在CO氧化反应中具有良好的低温活性,受到了研究者的广泛关注,其催化性能与载体的性质密切相关.氧化铝具有廉价易得、比表面积大和热稳定性好等优点.然而,作为一种非还原性载体,氧化铝提供活性氧物种的能力差,与还原性载体相比催化剂的CO氧化活性较低.理论计算和实验结果表明,在金催化剂中引入过渡金属镍能够有效促进氧分子在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,从而提升金催化剂活性.此外,过渡金属的存在能够提高金的分散度,增加活性位数目,防止在高温预处理过程中金颗粒的烧结,从而提高催化剂的活性和稳定性.基于上述考虑,本文在氧化铝纳米片合成过程中原位引入硝酸镍,以实现对氧化铝载体的改性,然后负载金并应用于CO氧化反应.结果表明,当载体中的Ni/Al摩尔比为0.05,金负载量为1wt%时,采用还原性气氛对催化剂进行预处理可以得到具有CO氧化性能优良的金催化剂, 20 oC下CO转化率即可达100%.预处理气氛能够显著影响催化活性,采用还原性气氛预处理后催化剂活性明显优于氧化性气氛预处理.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、氧气程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)、CO吸附原位红外光谱(CO-DRIFT)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段进一步研究了镍掺杂对Au/Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应的促进作用机制.XRD测试未观察到明显的金或镍衍射峰,表明金或镍物种均为高分散.HRTEM结果进一步证实,引入镍物种后金颗粒的粒径由3.6 nm减小为2.4 nm,表明镍掺杂有助于提高金的分散度.而XPS结果显示,镍掺杂催化剂中金与镍存在电子转移,而镍仍以Ni O为主.H2-TPR结果表明,镍掺杂的催化剂前驱体中的金物种更容易被还原.O2-TPD结果证实,镍掺杂催化剂能够引入更多的氧空位,促进氧分子的吸附和活化,从而促进CO氧化反应的进行.CO-DRIFT结果表明,相比于氧化性气氛,采用还原性气氛预处理后金物种的电子云密度增加, CO吸附增强.而对于镍掺杂的催化剂,金物种吸附CO分子的能力进一步提高,有利于CO氧化反应的进行.综上,镍掺杂能够有效提高催化剂中金的分散度,增强催化剂对CO的吸附,促进氧气分子的吸附和活化,从而提高了催化剂的CO氧化活性.     

不同载体稳定的纳米金催化剂室温催化氧化甲醛研究

甲醛是一种常见的室内空气污染物,人们针对其消除已经做了大量的研究工作.催化氧化法是脱除挥发性有机物的一种重要方法,能在较低温度下通过催化剂作用将甲醛完全氧化为无毒的CO2和H2O.所用催化剂主要为负载型贵金属催
　　化剂和非贵金属催化剂,但只有担载贵金属Pt或Pd的催化剂可在室温下将甲醛完全氧化,而非贵金属一般则需要较高的温度. Au催化剂是近年来催化领域的一个研究热点,但是关于纳米Au催化剂室温消除甲醛的研究较少.本课题组前期研究发现,以可还原性氧化物(CeO2, FeOx)为载体负载的Au催化剂具有优异的室温氧化甲醛活性;并且突破以可还原性载体负载金的传统思路,首次发现“惰性载体”γ-Al2O3,负载的金催化剂在室温、有水条件下具有优异的甲醛氧化活性.本文对比了还原性氧化物(CeO2, FeOx)和非还原性氧化物(Al2O3, SiO2和HSZM-5)载体负载金催化剂,研究了载体氧化还原性质对负载金催化剂在高空速(600000 ml/(g·s))条件下室温催化氧化甲醛的活性和稳定性影响.结果表明,在室温、高空速且相对湿度为50%的条件下, Au/Al2O3催化剂的初活性最高,且较为稳定. Au/SiO2和Au/HZSM-5催化剂的初活性虽然较高,但很快失活.而还原性氧化物载体(CeO2, FeOx)负载的金催化剂初活性较低,但是稳定性较好.通过电镜对负载金催化剂表面Au粒子大小的表征,并将粒子尺寸与负载金催化剂室温氧化甲醛初活性相关联,它与催化氧化甲醛反应速率成线性关系. Au粒子尺寸较小的催化剂(Au/Al2O3和Au/SiO2),在高空速条件下具有更高的氧化甲醛活性,而Au粒子尺寸较大的Au/FeOx催化剂活性较差.载体的氧化还原性质虽然不直接影响Au催化剂初活性,但直接影响催化剂稳定性.由于Au与SiO2或HZSM-5载体的相互作用较弱,导致反应过程中Au粒子聚集长大,使其失活较快;而Au/Al2O3催化剂表面则富含羟基物种,能够与Au形成配体或产生锚定作用,因此反应过程中金粒子没有明显长大.而表面中间物种的沉积并覆盖活性位是负载金催化剂缓慢失活的主要原因.     

Al含量对Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂异构化性能的影响

通过向S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂催化剂中同时引入适量的Pt和Al₂O₃, 制备出了具有较高催化性能和高稳定性的Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃型固体超强酸催化剂. 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 考察了Al含量对催化剂的异构化性能的影响, 并采用XRD, BET, FTIR, TPR, TG-DTA, NH₃-TPD和ICP手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Al能够延迟ZrO₂的晶化温度, 抑制硫的分解; Al能够增加催化剂的比表面积, 增强硫氧键的结合, 提高催化剂的还原性能, 增加催化剂的酸强度和酸总量. 当Al₂O₃质量分数为2.5%时, Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性最高, 正戊烷异构化收率可达60.02%, 选择性在98.2％以上.     

Gold catalysts supported on ZnO/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> for low-temperature CO oxidation

Gold catalysts with loadings ranging from 0.5 to 7.0 wt% on a ZnO/Al₂O₃ support were prepared by the deposition–precipitation method (Au/ZnO/Al₂O₃) with ammonium bicarbonate as the precipitation agent and were evaluated for performance in CO oxidation. These catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-atom emission spectrometry, temperature programmed reduction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activity for CO oxidation was measured using a flow reactor under atmospheric pressure. Catalytic activity was found to be strongly dependent on the reduction property of oxygen adsorbed on the gold surface, which related to gold particle size. Higher catalytic activity was found when the gold particles had an average diameter of 3–5 nm; in this range, gold catalysts were more active than the Pt/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst in CO oxidation. Au/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst with small amount of ZnO is more active than Au/Al₂O₃ catalyst due to higher dispersion of gold particles.     

助剂对Cu-Mn复合氧化物整体式催化剂催化低浓度甲烷燃烧反应性能的影响

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷(COR)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Cu-Mn-O/A12O3/COR,Cu-Mn-Ce-O/Al2O3/COR,Cu-Mn-Zr-O/Al2O3/COR,Cu-Mn-La-O/A12O3/COR和Cu-Mn-Ce-Zr-O/Al2O3/COR5种Cu-Mn复合氧化物整体式催化剂,用于低浓度甲烷催化燃烧反...     

高分散Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂选择氢解生物质基糠醇制备1,2-和1,5-戊二醇(英文)

生物质是唯一可再生的有机碳资源,开发清洁高效稳定的催化剂体系,将富氧的生物质及其平台化合物高选择性的C–O键氢解转化为可供石化行业利用的高附加值产品成为当前的研究热点.糠醛可由农林副产物如玉米芯,甘蔗渣和秸秆等中富含的半纤维素经酸水解而得.采用便宜的糠醛及其衍生物糠醇和四氢糠醇为原料,通过温和条件下一步选择氢解合成高附加值的1,2-和/或1,5-戊二醇的研究受到了越来越多的关注,但目前的研究主要集中在Ru,Rh,Pt和Ir等贵金属催化剂,对无铬非贵金属催化剂的研究甚少;此外,目前文献报道催化剂的活性和选择性还有待提高.开发清洁高效的非贵金属催化剂在温和条件下选择氢解糠醇或糠醛是目前面临的一项难题.我们的最新研究发现采用以水滑石为前驱体制备的弱碱性Cu-Mg_3AlO_(4.5)双功能催化剂在糠醇选择氢解反应中表现出优异的催化性能,在413 K和6 MPa的温和条件下可取得约80%的戊二醇总收率.虽然碱性载体有利于稳定糠醇氢解中间体并抑制羟基脱水从而提高戊二醇选择性,但也有文献报道酸性载体或助剂同样对呋喃衍生物的选择氢解制二元醇有促进作用.为了研究固体酸负载的双功能催化剂在糠醇氢解中的催化性能,我们采用共沉淀法制备了酸性Al_2O_3载体分散的不同Cu含量(2–30 wt%)的纳米双功能催化剂,并对比考察了其他不同载体(SiO_2,TiO_2,ZrO_2,MgO和ZnO)负载的催化剂,Al_2O_3负载的Ni,Co和Pt催化剂及商业Cu-Cr催化剂的糠醇氢解性能.研究发现,在金属负载量相同时,Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂表现出最优异的糠醇氢解性能,而Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂的转化率随Cu铜含量的升高先增高后降低,在20 wt%时达最高,而戊二醇的总选择性在10 wt%时达最高.为了揭示Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂在糠醇氢解反应中的构效关系,采用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM),N_2物理吸附,N_2O化学吸附和NH_3/CO_2程序升温脱附(NH_3/CO_2-TPD)等多种物理化学手段对催化剂的结构和表面性质进行了表征.XRD,TEM和N_2O化学吸附的表征结果说明,共沉淀法制备的Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂中Cu颗粒高分散于Al_2O_3载体上,且两者结合紧密.NH_3/CO_2-TPD表征发现,Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂中酸性位占主导地位,随铜含量的升高表面酸量递减.由于不同Cu含量的Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂中Cu颗粒尺寸,酸碱量和Cu与载体之间相互作用等因素的差异,在催化糠醇选择氢解中表现出不同的催化性能.通过关联催化剂中Cu颗粒尺寸与戊二醇生成TOF发现,该反应为结构敏感性反应,催化剂的TOF受Cu颗粒尺寸控制,Cu颗粒尺寸在1.9–2.4 nm范围内时取得最高的催化活性.催化剂的表面酸碱性也是影响Cu-Al_2O_3催化性能的另一重要原因,适当增加Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂的表面酸性可以提高糠醇氢解活性和戊二醇选择性,但是采用强酸性载体时,反应副产物急剧增加而降低戊二醇选择性,增加催化剂的碱性同样对催化活性和选择性不利.通过比较不同制备方法合成的Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂的糠醇氢解性能发现,催化剂中高分散的Cu与酸性Al_2O_3载体之间的高效紧密接触是取得高戊二醇收率的关键,同时催化剂中Cu不同的电子状态,可能也会影响催化性能.在考察催化剂的循环使用过程中发现,催化剂的结构稳定,使用多次后催化剂织构结构未发生明显变化,性能未发生明显下降.此外,我们还考察了反应温度,氢气分压,催化剂量和反应时间等动力学条件对Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂性能的影响,发现催化剂活性和产物的选择性均受反应条件明显影响,在优化条件(413 K,8.0 MPa H2)下,采用共沉淀法制备的10Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂可以取得约70%戊二醇的选择性和60%的总收率.结合对实验结果的分析及相关文献报道,我们还推测了Cu-Al_2O_3双功能催化剂上糠醇氢解的反应路径.