单扫描极谱法连续测定钾钠研究

单扫描极谱法连续测定钾钠研究但德忠，汪彤芸（四川联合大学环境科学系，６１００６５）（地矿部矿产综合利用研究所，成都６１００４１）Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋离子半波电位很负且接近，难于在水溶液中获得极谱波。本文发现在０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基碘化铵－二甲基甲酰胺介质中...     

蒽的单扫描示波极谱测定及其极谱行为

蒽蒽是煤焦油中一个重要组分,是染料和塑料工业的重要原料,有致癌作用.目前测蒽的方法有GC、LC、荧光光谱法、电离光谱法.试验表明用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解的蒽在酸性条件下可被K_2Cr_2O_7氧化成蒽醌,该产物在六次甲基四胺(HXA)和二氧六环(DOX)介质中于-0.4V(vs.SCE)处产生一波形很好的二阶导数极谱波.用以测定煤焦油中蒽的含量获得满意结果.     

单扫描极谱法测定土壤、蔬菜、水样中痕量氟

本文采用三电极系统,在0.08mol/L盐酸条件下,利用氟对锆(-水杨基荧光酮(SAF)-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)三元络合体系的竞争抑制,用单扫描极谱法测定多样品中的痕量氟。最佳底液条件是:0.8mg/LZr(-1.4×10-4mol/L(SAF)-8.0×10-6mol/L(CTMAB)。其起始电位为-0.25V,峰电位在-0.65V(vs.SCE)左右,测氟的线性范围为40～640μg/L。检出限为2.0μg/L。本方法具有反应快、重现性好、检测灵敏、选择性好、操作方便的特点。本法适用于土壤,水样及蔬菜中微量氟的测定。用单扫描极谱法研究了氟的极谱行为,证明了该波为不可逆还原吸附波,讨论了电极反应机理。     

丙酸睾丸素的单扫描示波极谱测定及其电极反应机理研究

本文研究了丙酸睾丸素的单扫描示波极谱测定法及其电极反应机理。在pH6.5的B-R缓冲溶液中,丙酸睾丸素于电位-1.40V(vs.SCE)处产生一个灵敏的极谱还原峰,峰电流与浓度在2.7×10~(-7)～4.5×10~(-5)mol/L范围内成线性关系。检测限达1.0×10~(-7)mol/L。方法用于分析注射液样品结果满意。     

单扫描极谱法快速测定牛奶中的三聚氰胺

三聚氰胺在KOH-Na2SO3体系中有一灵敏的氧化峰,峰电位为-0.34 V(vs.SCE),二阶导数峰峰电流与三聚氰胺浓度在1.0×10-2-10.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9992)。实验发现,将含有150 g/L NaCl的牛奶溶液在100℃中放置10 min,能够有效地避免胶体蛋白的干扰,从而将极谱法成功用于牛奶中三聚氰胺的检测。当牛奶中三聚氰胺含量在0.4~10.0 mg/L时,其浓度与峰电流成线性关系,检测限可达0.1 mg/L,回收率在78.2%~92.5%之间,整个检测时间不超过20 min。     

Voltammetric behavior of methaqualone and its determination by single-sweep oscillopolarography

A well derivative reduction wave of methaqualonc (MTQ) was obtained in 0.033 mol dm⁻³ B-R (pH 3.76) buffer solution by single-sweep oscillopolarography. The peak potential is −1.36 V (vs. saturated calomel reference electrode, SCE). The peak current is proportional to the concentration of methaqualone over the range of 7.0×10⁻⁸-9.0×10⁻⁶ mol dm⁻³. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of methaqualone in tablets. The wave is believed to result from irreversible adsorption through studies of its electrochemical behavior and reaction mechanism.     

克拉霉素的示波极谱测定及其电化学行为

在 0 .0 5mol LNaOH(pH 1 2 .7)介质中 ,克拉霉素在滴汞电极上产生一灵敏的还原峰 ,峰电位Ep=- 1 .35V(vs.SCE)。其一阶导数峰电流ip′与克拉霉素浓度在 8.0× 1 0 -6～ 4.8× 1 0 -5mol L范围内有良好的线性关系 (r=0 .9991 ) ,检出限为 4 .0× 1 0 -6mol L。此法已用于片剂的测定。用线性扫描和循环伏安法研究了体系性质 ,结果表明 ,克拉霉素的电极过程为具有吸附的不可逆过程     

Employment of differential pulse polarography and adsorptive voltammetry for the determination of some sulfonamides

Reduction of sulfonamides in mineral acids was investigated using fast scan differential-pulse polarography (FSDPP). The optimal medium for sulfadimidin, sulfamethoxydin and sulfamethoxypyridazin is 0.01–0.02M HCl, while for phthalazol it is 1M HCl and the latter compound can be selectively determined in the presence of other sulfonamides. Adsorptive properties on the Hg-electrode were analytically used in the case of sulfamethoxypyridazin and phthalazol. Relative standard deviation of all determinations did not exceed 8%.     

Theoretical study on activation mechanism of fluorine substitution reactions of Keggin-MAl12 in aqueous solutions

The fluorine substitution reactions of Keggin polymeric aluminum species K-MAl₁₂ (M = Al, Ga, Ge) were investigated using density functional theory. Two substitution pathways (associative and dissociative) were simulated. The results show that the replacement of charged tetrahedral center metals causes the change in energy barrier either for associative mechanism or dissociative mechanism. The preferred activation mechanisms are proposed by comparing associative and dissociative barriers for fluorine substitution reactions of three Keggin Al species. The fluorine substitution reactions of Al₁₃ and GaAl₁₂ are inclined to dissociative mechanism and GeAl₁₂ follows an associative mode, indicating a mechanistic variation induced by the alteration of tetrahedral metals.     

敌敌畏催化过硼酸钠氧化联苯胺反应体系的研究及应用

利用敌敌畏(DDV)可以催化过硼酸钠(SPB)氧化联苯胺反应的特性,建立了测定DDV的单扫描极谱分析方法,此方法的灵敏度高,其对应的线性范围是3.0×10-9～7.5×10-6g/mL(R2=0.9992),检出限为1.0×10-9g/mL。方法用于测定植物样品中DDV的残留量,结果令人满意。另外,实验指出了DDV的催化作用,并研究了SPB联苯胺氧化产物的电极还原机理。     

A new and direct method for the trace element determination in cauliflower by differential pulse polarography

Using the DPP polarograms of wet digested cauliflower sample in acetate buffer at pH values of 2, 4 and 6, Fe, Zn, Mo, Se, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ti and Cu quantities were determined. The best separation and determination conditions for Zn, Se and Mo was pH 2; for Cr, Zn, Mo and As was pH 4; for Pb pH 6, for Ti, Cu and Fe was pH 6-7 EDTA, for Cd pH 2 EDTA and for lead pH 6, all in acetate buffer. The trace element ranges for cauliflowers from two different seasons were (first figure for winter, the second for summer) for Se 120-250 μg g⁻¹, Fe 70-85 μg g⁻¹, Cu 320-150 μg g⁻¹, Ti 90-120 μg g⁻¹, Cr 130-630 μg g⁻¹, Zn 90-550 μg g⁻¹, Mo 170-230 μg g⁻¹, Cd 20 μg g⁻¹ (in winter) and Pb 130-300 μg g⁻¹ in dry sample. Cd was under the detection limit in summer. The length of digestion time had no effect on the recovery of copper, iron, molybdenum and zinc between 15 and 3 h of digestion.     

Simultaneous determination of selenium and lead in whole blood samples by differential pulse polarography

The polarographic reduction of lead in the presence of selenite gives rise to an additional peak corresponding to the reduction of lead (Pb) on adsorbed selenium (Se) on mercury at −0.33 V. The selenium and lead content can be determined using this peak by the addition of a known amount of one of these ions first and then the second ion. The linear domain range of lead is 5.0×10⁻⁷–2.0×10⁻⁵ M and for selenium 5.0×10⁻⁷–1.0×10⁻⁵ M. Using this method 4.90×10⁻⁷ M Se(IV) and 1.47×10⁻⁶ M Pb(II) in a synthetic sample could be determined with a relative error of +2.0% and 1.8%, respectively (n=4). A recovery test after acid digestion for a synthetic sample was 97% for selenium and 96.5% for lead. The method was applied to 1 ml of digested blood, and 328±23 μg l⁻¹ Se(IV) and 850±62 μg l⁻¹ Pb(II) could be determined with a 90% (n=5) confidence interval.     

Simultaneous determination of ferric, ferrous and total iron by extraction differential pulse polarography: application to the speciation of iron in rocks

The voltammetric characteristics of Fe(III) oxinate at a mercury electrode, in the presence of 0.2 M tributylammonium perchlorate (tri-BAP) and 0.2 M tributylamine (tri-BA) as the supporting electrolyte have been studied in chloroform. With this supporting electrolyte a two electron quasi-reversible process for the reduction of Fe(III) oxinate was observed. Preceded by a solvent extraction of Fe(III) oxinate in chloroform, differential pulse polarography (DP) was used for the determination of iron. The calibration graph was linear over the concentration range 0.5–50 μM Fe(III) oxinate in chloroform and the detection limit was 1.5 μM. The proposed DP method has been used for the determination of ferric, ferrous and total iron in a mixture and successfully applied to the speciation of iron in rocks.     

Stereoselective synthesis of insect sex pheromone analogs having a fluorine atom on their double bonds

Insect sex pheromone analogs having a fluorine atom on their double bonds, (9E,11E)-1-acetoxy-9-fluorotetradecadiene, (10E,12E)-13-fluorohexadecadien-1-ol, (9Z,11E)-1-acetoxy-9-fluorotetradecadiene, (10E,12Z)-13-fluorohexadecadien-1-ol were stereoselectively synthesized using cross-coupling reactions of alkenylboranes with (E)- or (Z)-2-fluoro-1-iodo-1-alkenes, stereoselectively prepared from 1-alkynes by our currently developed methods.     

Study of mixed complexes by polarography: cadmium-glycine-methionine and cadmium-glycine-ethylenediamine complexes

The mixed complexes of cadmium with glycine and methionine and glycine and ethylenediamine have been studied by polarography and the stability constants of the various species formed have been evaluated.