单扫描极谱法测定土壤、蔬菜、水样中痕量氟

本文采用三电极系统,在0.08mol/L盐酸条件下,利用氟对锆(-水杨基荧光酮(SAF)-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)三元络合体系的竞争抑制,用单扫描极谱法测定多样品中的痕量氟。最佳底液条件是:0.8mg/LZr(-1.4×10-4mol/L(SAF)-8.0×10-6mol/L(CTMAB)。其起始电位为-0.25V,峰电位在-0.65V(vs.SCE)左右,测氟的线性范围为40～640μg/L。检出限为2.0μg/L。本方法具有反应快、重现性好、检测灵敏、选择性好、操作方便的特点。本法适用于土壤,水样及蔬菜中微量氟的测定。用单扫描极谱法研究了氟的极谱行为,证明了该波为不可逆还原吸附波,讨论了电极反应机理。     

钼(Ⅵ)-水杨基荧光酮络合物吸附波的研究与应用

在邻苯二甲酸氢钾 HCl 乙醇 水溶液中,钼(Ⅵ) 水杨基荧光酮体系在滴汞电极上,于-1.10V(vs.SCE)处有一良好的极谱波,其二阶导数峰电流与钼(Ⅵ)在8×10-10～6×10-8mol L范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为5×10-10mol L。研究了极谱波的性质和电极反应机理。该方法已用于水及生物样品的测定。     

锑(Ⅲ)-芦丁-硒(Ⅳ)体系的极谱络合吸附波研究

在 5 .0× 1 0 - 6 mol/LSe(Ⅳ )的 0 .1 2mol/L氯乙酸盐缓冲溶液 (pH 3 2 )中 ,用单扫极谱法可得到锑 (Ⅲ ) 芦丁络合物灵敏的二次导数极谱波 ,Se(Ⅳ )的存在可使锑峰峰电位正移 ,峰高增加。峰电位为 - 0 .33V(vs.SCE) ,峰高与锑(Ⅲ )的浓度在 1 .6× 1 0 - 9mol/L～ 5 .0× 1 0 - 6mol/L范围内呈线性关系 ,检出限可达 4.0× 1 0 - 1 0 mol/L。研究了极谱波的性质和电极反应机理。方法已用于锌合金中微量锑的测定     

铜(Ⅱ)与芳基取代酰基吡唑啉酮、腺嘌呤三元配合物吸附波的研究

在Hac-NaAc缓冲溶液中(pH 5.0),用单扫示波极谱法得到1-对氯苯基-3-呋喃基-4-呋喃甲酰基-5-吡唑啉酮(HL)、腺嘌呤(Ade)与铜(Ⅱ)三元配合物的灵敏吸附波,其峰电位为-0.58 V(vs.SEC).峰电流与铜质量浓度在0.02～10mg/L范围内分段呈线性关系,定量下限为2μg/L(3×10-8mol/L).采用多种电化学方法研究了极谱波的性质和电极反应机理.峰电流由中心离子铜(Ⅱ)还原产生.用直线法测得多元配合物组成比为1:1:1,表观稳定常数为7×107.此方法已用于粗盐、麦片和化妆品中痕量铜的测定,标准回收率98%～103%.     

镓-水杨基荧光酮伏安络合吸附波的研究

在pH为3.0的0.2mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾-HCI和5.0×10^-6mol/L水杨基荧光酮底液中,线性扫描可得灵敏的Ga-SAF络合物吸附波,峰电位为-0.93V(vsSCE).镓在7.5×10^-9～3.8×10^-7mol/L浓度范围内与峰高成正比关系.     

催化极谱法测定钨、钼氧化物中微量锡

本文研究了锡-氟隆络合物极谱测定条件。用钒(Ⅳ)作为氧化剂产生动力催化波叠加至锡-氟隆络合物吸附波上,使测定灵敏度提高。在0.018mol/L硫酸-0.0024mol/L钒(Ⅳ)-0.04mol/L氯化钠底液中锡与氟隆络合物具有波形好、灵敏度高且稳定的极谱催化波,导数波峰电位-0.45伏(VS.S.C.E.),锡在0.016-0.64微克/毫升范围峰高与浓度呈线性关系。锡与干扰元素的分离采用锡氢化物气化法。用拟定的方法测定三氧化钨及三氧化钼中微量锡,获得了满意结果。     

锆(Ⅳ)-水杨基萤光酮-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵的络合吸附波的研究

在伏安分析仪上,锆(Ⅳ)在0.15M盐酸-5.0×10~(-6)M水杨基萤光酮(SAF)-5.0×10~(-7)M溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)体系中有一灵敏的络合吸附波。锆(Ⅳ)浓度在2.0×10~(-8)M～2.4×10~(-7)M范围内,与导数波高成线性关系。水杨基萤光酮及锆(Ⅳ)与水杨基萤光酮络合物都在悬汞电极上被吸附,络合剂的还原峰电位为—0.74V,络合物的还原峰电位为—0.94V。当加入一定量的表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵后,峰形变好,峰宽变窄,并且灵敏度有所提高。     

钒-5-溴水杨基荧光酮-氯酸盐体系极谱催化波的研究

在pH4.1的乙酸盐缓冲底液中,钒能与5-溴水杨基荧光酮形成络合物,并吸附在汞电极上,在氯酸盐存在下,在V(Ⅴ)的电极还原过程中形成催化波。用单扫二阶导数极谱法测定时,钒浓度在L.0×10-8～1.0×10-6mol·L-1范围内与峰高成正比关系,检出限为5.0×10-9mol·L-1。测得电活性络合物的组成为V(Ⅴ)5-Br-SAF＝11。平行催化反应的速率常数k=1.9×103(mol·L-1)-1·s-1。     

微波消解-水杨基荧光酮光度法测定中草药中痕量锗

在H3PO4介质中,以水杨基荧光酮为显色剂,以吐温-80为表面活性剂,研究了微波消解部分清热解毒类中草药中痕量锗的测定条件.水杨基荧光酮与锗(Ⅳ)的配合物的最大吸收峰为506 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为ε=1.54×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,回归方程A=0.0409ρ 0.00614,相关系数 r=0.9999,检出极限为0.014 μg/mL.     

3,3′-四亚甲基-双-(1-苯基-5-吡啶酮-4-羧酸酯)极谱行为的研究

TPPC在0.08mol/L CH_3COONa和0.4mol/L CH_3COOH(NaAc-HAc下同)底液条件下,在电位 —1.57 V(υs.SCE)附近产生一尖锐的导数波,峰高在3.7×10~(-6)～5.6×l0~(-5)mol/L范围内呈线性关系.同时,讨论了极谱波的性质及电极反应机理.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

结合实际发展电化学科学─—武汉大学电化学研究室工作简介

结合实际发展电化学科学─—武汉大学电化学研究室工作简介查全性,陆君涛（武汉大学化学系电化学研究室,武汉４３００７２）在物理化学的众多分支学科中,电化学长期保持良好的发展势头。除了电化学所研究的体系（溶液、电极／溶液界面等）具有广泛的基础意义外,促使电...