In-line Fabry-Perot refractive index sensor based on microcavity

An in-line Fabry-Perot （FP） refractive index （RI） sensor based on an intrinsic FP cavity and fabricated by the etching and fusion splicing method is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that the sensor possesses a high resolution of 1508 nm/RIU for the measurement of acetylene gas RI. The temperature- response measurement shows that the sensor is insensitive to room temperature variations. The FP RI sensor is suitable for applications in biosensing and environmental monitoring because of its high sensitivity and structural simplicity, thereby making it suitable for low-cost mass production.     

A highly pixelated CdZnTe detector based on Topmetal-II~- sensor

Topmetal-Ⅱ~-is a low noise CMOS pixel direct charge sensor with a pitch of 83 μm.CdZnTe is an excellent semiconductor material for radiation detection.The combination of CdZnTe and the sensor makes it possible to build a detector with high spatial resolution.In our experiments,an epoxy adhesive is used as the conductive medium to connect the sensor and cadmium zinc telluride(CdZnTe).The diffusion coefficient and charge efficiency of electrons are measured at a low bias voltage of-2 V,and the image of a single alpha particle is clear with a reasonable spatial resolution.A detector with such a structure has the potential to be applied in X-ray imaging systems with further improvements of the sensor.     

High sensitivity plasmonic temperature sensor based on a side-polished photonic crystal fiber

A high sensitivity plasmonic temperature sensor based on a side-polished photonic crystal fiber is proposed in this work.In order to achieve high sensitivity and high stability,the gold layer is coated on the side-polished photonic crystal fiber to support surface plasmon resonance.The mixture of ethanol and chloroform is used as the thermosensitive liquid.The performances of the proposed temperature sensor were investigated by the finite element method(FEM).Simulation results indicate that the sensitivity of the temperature sensor is as high as 7.82 nm/℃.It has good linearity(R;=0.99803),the resolution of 1.1×10;℃,and the amplitude sensitivity of 0.1008℃;.In addition,the sizes of the small air hole and polishing depth have little influence on the sensitivity.Therefore,the proposed sensor shows a high structure tolerance.The excellent performance and high structure tolerance of the sensor make it an appropriate choice for temperature measurement.     

A fiber micro-vibration sensor based on single-mode fiber ring laser

A new micro-vibration sensor based on single-mode fiber ring laser is put forward. The Mach-Zehnder interferometric （MZI） detection technique is presented for interrogating laser frequency shift due to the measurand （piezoelectric transducer （PZT） is used to simulate the micro-vibration） induced laser cavity strain from both single- and multi-mode lasers. In the experiment, compared with multi-mode laser sensors, the single-mode laser sensor is proved to be a sensor with high resolution. When the PZT is driven by the analog signal （0.03 rad near 2 kHz）, the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of output signal from the single-mode laser sensor is close to 55 dB and the sensitivity of the sensor is about 5 ×10^-5 rad/Hz1/2.     

Improving spatial resolution in fiber Raman distributed temperature sensor by using deconvolution algorithm

The deconvolution algorithm is adopted on the fiber Raman distributed temperature sensor （FRDTS） to improve the spatial resolution without reducing the pulse width of the light source. Numerical simulation shows that the spatial resolution is enhanced by four times using the frequency-domain deconvolution algorithm with high temperature accuracy. In experiment, a spatial resolution of 15 m is realized using a master oscillator power amplifier light source with 300-ns pulse width. In addition, the dispersion-induced limitation of the minimum spatial resolution achieved by deconvolution algorithm is analyzed. The results indicate that the deconvolution algorithm is a beneficial complement for the FRDTS to realize accurate locating and temperature monitoring for sharp temperature variations.     

Highly sensitive fiber refractive index sensor based on side-core holey structure

We propose a side-core holey fiber （SCHF）-based surface plasmon resonance （SPR） sensor to achieve high refractive index （RI） sensitivity. The SCHF structure can facilitate analyte filling and enhance the overlapping area of the core mode and surface plasmon polariton （SPP） mode. The coupling properties of the sensor are analyzed by numerical simulation. The maximum sensitivity of 5000 nm/RIU in an RI range of 1.33-1.44, and the average sensitivity of 9295 nm/RIU in an RI range from 1.44 to 1.54 can be obtained.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sens- ing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of±0.0028°over a period of 45 min,i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10~(-9)refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulator.Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Temperature-independent refractive index measurement based on Fabry-Perot fiber tip sensor modulated by Fresnel reflection

A simple fiber tip sensor for refractive index(RI) measurement based on Fabry-Perot(FP) interference modulated by Fresnel reflection is proposed and demonstrated.The sensor head consists of an etchinginduced micro air gap near the tip of a single-mode fiber.The microgap and the fiber tip function as two reflectors to form a FP cavity.The external RI can be unambiguously measured by monitoring the fringe contrast of the interference pattern from the reflection spectrum.The experimental results show that the proposed sensor achieves temperature-independent RI measurement with good linear response.The proposed sensor achieves a high RI resolution of up to 3.4×10 5 and has advantages of low cost and easy fabrication.     

Low-noise and highly stable optical fiber temperature sensor using modified pulse-reference-based compensation technique

We modify the pulse-reference-based compensation technique and propose a low-noise and highly stable optical fiber temperature sensor based on a zinc telluride film-coated fiber tip. The system noise is measured to be 0.0005 dB, which makes it possible for the detection of the minor reflectivity change of the film at different temperatures. The temperature sensitivity is 0.0034 d B/℃, so the resolution can achieve 0.2℃. The maximum difference of the temperature output values of the sensor at 20℃ at different points in time is 0.39℃. The low cost, ultra-small size, high stability, and good repeatability of the sensor make it a promising temperature sensing device for practical application.     

Secure and noise-free holographic encryption with a quick-response code简

An optical fiber sensor for ultrathin layer sensing based o51 short-range surface plasmon polariton （SRSPP） is proposed, and the sensing characteristics are theoretically analyzed. Simulation results indicate that even for a detecting layer much thinner than the vacuum wavelength, a resolution as high as 3.7×10-6 RIU can be obtained. Moreover, an average ttfickness-detection sensitivity of 6.2 dB/nm is obtained, which enables the sensor to detect the thickness variation of the ultrathin layer up to tens of nanometers. The sensitive region of thickness could be adjusted by tuning the structure parameters.     

Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on diffraction grating with high sensitivity and high resolution

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on diffraction grating with high sensitivity and high resolution is proposed. The sensitivity of grating coupled SPR sensor based on angular interrogation is enhanced by replacing +1st diffraction order of metallic grating with −1st diffraction order to excite the surface plasmon. To improve the resolution of grating-based SPR sensor, aluminum is used as an SPR-active metal. The reflectivity dip of the Al-based sensor is sharper than an Au-based one, which is the mostly widely used as SPR-active metal. And 3-nm-thick gold film is deposited on the grating surface in order to protect the Al layer from getting oxidized. Numerical simulations show that the sensor not only has high sensitivity and high resolution, but also exhibits good linearity.     

Numerical study of a highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor based on circular-lattice holey fiber

A new design of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor employing circular-lattice holey fiber to achieve high-sensitivity detection is proposed. The sensing performance of the proposed sensor is numerically investigated and the results indicate that our proposed SPR sensor can be applied to the near-mid infrared detection. Moreover, the maximum wavelength sensitivity of our proposed sensor can reach as high as 1.76×10⁴ nm/refractive index unit (RIU) and the maximum wavelength interrogation resolution can be up to 5.68×10^-6 RIU when the refractive index (RI) of analyte lies in (1.31, 1.36). Thanks to its excellent sensing performance, our proposed SPR sensor will have great potential applications for biological analytes detection, food safety control, bio-molecules detection and so on.     

Design of a silicon-based plasmonic optical sensor for magnetic field monitoring in the infrared

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip is proposed for magnetic field monitoring in the infrared wavelength region. The structure is based on silicon substrate and gold as SPR-active metal used with an appropriate magnetic fluid film. The angular interrogation method has been used to study the sensor’s performance in terms of large shift and small width of the SPR curve for a wide range of magnetic field between 30 and 220 Oe. The effect of field incidence angle is also studied on the proposed sensor’s performance, and it is observed that the field should be incident as parallel to the magnetic fluid surface as possible. Any possibility of oxidation problem to the proposed SPR sensor is addressed by using a stable buffer layer. All the performance parameters were found to be significantly large for the above field incidence condition. The proposed sensor is able to achieve a resolution of the order as high as 0.18 Oe for magnetic field detection.     

Effect of metamaterial layer on optical surface plasmon resonance sensor

In this paper an optical surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with metamaterial for four and five layered structure is studied. The numerical results presented in this paper leads to a significant properties of metamaterials in sensing field. Computed results of SPR sensors using metamaterial are compared with conventional optical SPR sensors for four and five layered structure. It is seen that wider dynamic range or effective range of measurable refractive index increases when metamaterial layer is used. It is also verified that SPR sensor with metamaterial layer can dramatically enhance the resolution and reduce the reflectivity compared with conventional SPR. Validity of the magnetic field results is proved on the basis of smooth match of the fields in the different layers of the proposed optical SPR sensor.     

契形结构光纤表面等离子体共振传感器研究

提出了一种契形端面结构的光纤表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器激励模型. 采用时域有限差分法对契形SPR波导的共振模型进行数值模拟, 通过在光纤出射端抛磨契形角度并进行敏感膜修饰, 制出具有契形端面结构的类Kretschmann微棱镜式光纤SPR传感器, 实现激发SPR的光波调制.结果表明, 在1.3330–1.4215折射率范围内, 制备的契形光纤SPR传感器相对于常规光纤SPR传感器, 其平均灵敏度提高了近1–6倍, 1倍和6倍分别出现在小角度结构(15° 契形) 传感器和大角度结构(60°契形) 传感器, 且仍保持 10^-5 等级的分辨率. 该类型结构的传感器具有契形端面激励模式, 设计灵活性高、制备工艺简单、可微量检测样本等优点, 能够很好地适应于不同环境和测量条件的实际生化检测、环境监测需求. 关键词： 光纤传感器 表面等离子体共振 契形端面结构 折射率灵敏度     

基于非完整表面缺陷模式的一维光子晶体高分辨率折射率传感器

介绍了一种新型一维光子晶体非完整表面缺陷模式折射率传感器的原理及方法,并构建了高分辨率、高Q值传感器探测实验系统,利用二甲基砜溶液验证了这种传感器.实验结果表明,该折射率传感器的灵敏度为3 025 nm·RIU-1(Refractive index LJnit),当光谱仪的分辨率为0.01 mn时,传感器的分辨率为3.3×10-6RIU.该传感器的Q值为260,并且在1.4～1.42范围内具有良好的线性度(线性度为0.991 27).文章分析了传感器Q值与光子晶体周期数及被探测液体厚度之间的关系.理论和实验证明这种全反射型光子晶体表面波传感器具有与SPR相似的无标、实时生物检测的特点且可获得更高的探测灵敏度、Q值和分辨率.     

波长调制型表面等离子体共振的传感特性研究

表面等离子体共振(SPR)光学传感器能实现生物医学的快速、 无标记、 高精度检测,是生物化学分析的重要方法。 研制了基于波长调制型的Kretschmann结构表面等离子体共振(SPR)生物传感系统,研究了在体溶液传感方式下的传感性能。 利用不同浓度的乙醇和乙二醇溶液进行体溶液传感测试。 实验结果表明,在折射率低时共振波长对折射率变化响应的灵敏度低,但响应的线性度高;随着折射率增大,共振波长对折射率的响应变化的灵敏度提高。 在1.407 0～1.430 RIU折射率范围内,灵敏度高达11 487 nm·RIU-1。 传感器的共振波长的稳定性为0.213 8 nm,可分辨最小折射率趋近10-6 RIU。 所研制的波长调制型表面等离子共振传感器操作简单、 灵敏度高、 检测范围大,可实现浓度极低生物标记物的有效检测,在化学、 生物传感领域有重要的应用。     

基于辐射度的光谱校正与自适应拟合相结合的SPR共振波长确定方法

表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感技术因其灵敏度高、无需标记、可原位实时监测的特点,被广泛应用在生物医学、化学检测、食品安全、环境监测等领域。对于波长调制型SPR传感器,由于光谱测量系统各部件对不同波长响应度不同,从而对光谱共振波长的实际位置产生干扰,影响到实验检测结果。为消除这种影响,提出了一种基于辐射度空间的SPR相对反射率校正方法,并使用阶数自适应拟合算法对共振波长进行精确测定。通过标定光谱测量系统的仪器响应曲线,将光谱仪得到的原始光谱转换成辐射光谱,进而计算出不依赖于光谱仪系统中任何部件的SPR相对反射率。相比于传统的反射率校正方式(以共振光谱除以非共振光谱的结果作为反射率光谱),此方法校正后的光谱在光谱形状上具备半峰宽更窄和共振峰更对称的优势,从而为精确确定共振波长提供了可靠的保障。随后基于拟合误差最小化的目标,对共振区域采用阶数自适应多项式拟合算法确定共振波长。实验测量了不同入射角度下的SPR共振光谱,使用此方法校正得到反射率光谱的半峰全宽保持在(100±10) nm,表明此方法的光谱峰形优势具备普适性;连续采集了4 000组光谱并计算共振波长,其相对标准偏差为0.007 8%,处理速度为每个光谱12 ms,表明此方法具备良好的抗噪声波动鲁棒性和光谱数据处理的实时性;测量了不同浓度下NaCl溶液的SPR共振光谱,其共振波长与溶液折射率线性相关系数为0.998 5,品质因数为传统校正方式的3倍,表明此方法具备良好的可靠性,并且从光谱的处理算法层面提高了传感性能,相比于从工艺制备上提高品质因数的传统方式,处理简便,效果更突出。结果表明,基于辐射度空间的相对反射率矫正与阶数自适应拟合相结合的SPR共振波长检测方法具备可靠性好、运算速度快、分辨率高、抗噪声、品质因数高等特点,能够有效提高SPR传感器的数据处理与传感性能。     

Real time detection of antibody-antigen interaction using a laser scanning confocal imaging-surface plasmon resonance system

A laser scanning confocal imaging-surface plasmon resonance (LSCI-SPR) instrument integrated with a wavelength-dependent surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor and a laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) is built to detect the bonding process of human IgG and fluorescent-labeled affinity purified antibodies in real time. The shifts of resonant wavelength at different reaction time stages are obtained by SPR, corresponding well with the changes of the fluorescence intensity collected by using LSCM. The instrument shows the merits of the combination and complementation of the SPR and LSCM, with such advantages as quantificational analysis, high spatial resolution and real time monitor, which are of great importance for practical applications in biosensor and life science.     

High-Sensitivity Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Lateral Optical Beam Displacements

We present a new optical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance （SPIt） enhanced lateral optical beam displacements. Compared with the traditional SPIt methods, the new method provides higher sensitivity to the sensor system. Theoretical simulations show that the refractive index （RI） detection sensitivity of the SPR sensor based on the displacement measurement has a strong dependence on the thickness of the metal film. When the optimal thickness of the metal film is selected, the RI resolutlon of the SPIt sensor is predicted to be 2.2 × 10^-7 refractive index units （RIU）. Furthermore, it is found that the incidence angle can be used as a parameter to adjust the operating range of the sensor to different refractive index ranges.