南通海门区浅层地下水水化学特征和水质状况分析

浅层地下水作为沿海地区城镇用水中的重要组成部分,在人民生活中扮演着不可或缺的角色,研究浅层地下水的水化学特征及分布状况对饮用水安全和地下水开发利用具有重要意义。以南通市海门区浅层地下水为研究对象,在系统采集并分析浅层地下水样品的基础上,基于Schukarev分类法进行了浅层地下水类型划分,考察了pH值、总硬度、矿化度的分布特征,同时对浅层地下水水质现状和水质污染原因进行了分析。结果表明,HCO_(3)^(-)和Ca^(2+)分别是研究区浅层地下水中优势的阴、阳离子;地下水主要化学类型为HCO_(3)-Ca和HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型;现状情况下浅层地下水水质较差,污染物主要为硝酸盐,污染区面积约719.16 km^(2)。成果可为研究区浅层地下水进一步的合理开发利用提供理论依据。     

雎水流域的水化学特征及其地表水与地下水的相互转化

为了解特定流域的水化学特征及其运移和转化的历史,为水资源科学管理提供依据,分析了小流域雎水河的水化学特征。结果表明:(1)雎水河流域主要是大气降水补给的地矿化度的溶滤水。(2)雎水河全线都是地下水补给地表水。(3)部分泉点矿化度相对较高与SO24-较高有关,可能是因为流经了含煤地层。     

四川温江金马地区地下水化学特征研究

根据温江金马地区地下水水化学分析资料,研究了该区浅层地下水中主要离子组分、微量元素特征及其空间变化规律,初步揭示了地下水化学组分形成原因,为更好的开发利用和保护地下水资源提供一定的参考。     

中国北方某河流水质现状调查及分析

为调查A河、B河下游水体的水质现状,于2014年丰水期（8月）和枯水期（12月）,选取A、B河下游各8个采样点,对水体的溶解氧、氨氮等6项理化指标,以及Hg、Pb等7项重金属指标进行检测,采用单项参数评价法和综合水质标识指数法对2条河流的水质现状进行分析及评价,并采用对数型幂函数普适指数公式对水体的富营养程度进行评价。结果发现,A、B河下游水质以劣V类为主,水体中各类重金属不超标,主要超标污染物为总氮、总磷、氨氮等。A河水质好于B河,2条河流丰水期水质好于枯水期。A、B河下游水体处于重富和极富营养化状态,应加强整治2条河流流域的农业面污染源,降低河流的富营养化风险。     

地下水水质评价中相关性分析方法的应用

在对四川省红层丘陵区浅层地下水水质评价的基础上,应用SPSS和Excel以及Surfer 3种方法分析了样品中的元素含量和进行了相关性分析。结果表明,SPSS和Surfer 8.0联用,能较好地阐明污染物的相关性和元素分布的特征,更直观地作出宜宾市屏山县浅层地下水水质现状评价。     

云南绥江新城供水工程区地下水地球化学环境评价

对云南省绥江县新城供水工程的地下水水化学成分作了分析。结果表明,水化学类型以重碳酸盐低矿化度淡水为主,局部地区为重碳酸硫酸盐型水;主要阳离子为Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋,阴离子为HCO3^-、SO4^2-;pH呈弱碱性（7．3～8．2）;矿化度普遍较低（〈0．5g／L）,因个别由于煤层的出现导致矿化度增大。     

水质监测系统建设产生水质监测仪器需求

《环保部环境风险调控“十二五”规划》中确认了我国水危机的存在。在这份文件中,“癌症村”首次得到官方承认。而根据国土资源部调查,在2000年至2002年,有超过60%的地下水资源属于1至3类的标准。2009年,水质4类和5类的已占到了73.8%,而到2011年,全国城市55%的地下水是较差至极差。而除地下水外,我国的整体水环境质量也不容乐观,根据《2012中国环境状况公报》,长江、黄河、珠江、松花江、淮河等流域的国控断面中,Ⅳ～Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水质的断面比例分别为68.9%,20.9%,10.2%,9个重要海湾中,渤海湾、长江口、杭州湾和珠江口水质极差。     

荧光光度法测定地表水、地下水及废水中石油类样品的方法优化

改进了利用荧光分光光度计测定水质石油类样品的分析方法.水质石油样品采用正己烷提取,经硅酸镁净化后使用荧光分光光度计检测.经过优化,方法曲线线性在0.999以上,检出限为0.007 mg/L.经过3种地表水、1种地下水以及2种工业废水的验证,回收率为87.5％～110.0％.分别使用紫外法、红外法与荧光光度法进行比对,地...     

LiFePO_4的制备及其充放电过程中的结构演变和性能研究

分别以FeC2O4·2H2O(a), Fe2O3(b)和Fe3O4(c)为铁源,采用高温固相法制备了3种LiFePO4(LFP)(简称LFPa, LFPb和LFPc).采用碳包覆法制备了LFPa～LFPc的锂离子电池正极片(LFPA～LFPC).用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了铁源对其结构的影响和充放电过程中的结构演变;用循环伏安法(CV)和交流阻抗法(EIS)对锂离子脱嵌动力学作了初步探讨.XRD分析结果表明,LFPa～LFPc均具有单一的橄榄石结构.LFP在循环过程中结构基本稳定,结晶度有所降低.充放电测试表明,LFPA～LFPC在0.2C倍率下首次放电比容量分别为130 mA·h·g-1, 147 mA·h·g-1和152 mA·h·g-1.其中LFPA拥有较好的倍率性能;CV和EIS研究发现,LFPA在充放电过程中极化小,可逆性好.     

云南鹤庆盆地岩溶地下水稀土元素地球化学特征

为揭示云南鹤庆盆地岩溶地下水中稀土元素地球化学特征,对该盆地内主要岩溶泉水和地下河水样进行了水化学常规指标测试和稀土元素测试,分析研究了该地区地下水中稀土元素质量浓度、配分模式以及分异特征和影响因素。结果表明:由于含水岩组的截然不同,造成盆地东部岩溶地下水比西部岩溶地下水ΣREE质量浓度高,该地区岩溶地下水中ΣREE浓度与Eh,HCO_3~-,Ca~(2+)有负相关性,与pH,DO,Fe和Mn有较好的正相关关系,高含量HCO_3~-和Ca~(2+)在一定程度上制约了REE在水中的溶解,铁锰氧化物矿物的还原性溶解是REE进入地下水的主要途径。地下水中LREE有富集、有亏损,还有部分既不富集也不亏损,盆地东部地区地下水中HREE富集程度远远大于西部地区地下水。该地区岩溶地下水表现出明显的Ce负异常和Eu正异常,可能与含水岩组岩性和还原环境有关,同时高Ca~(2+)和HCO_3~-的环境中,Eu~(2+)更容易被释放出来进入地下水中。在地下河管道中,地下水经过长距离的地下径流后,地下河出口∑REE质量浓度高于岩溶泉水,且与入口相比,出口地下水中轻稀土富集和Eu正异常有所增强,Ce负异常程度减少。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.