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1.
On Polygermanes. VI. 1,4-Diiodooctaphenyltetragermane I-(Ph2Ge-)4I, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectra The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined and refined to a R of 0.060. The arrangement of the heavy atoms in the six membered chain I-Ge4-I is all trans with a fully staggered conformation of the substituents. The torsion of the phenyl rings results in a molecular propeller with eight wings (symmetry Ci). Distances: Ge—Ge 245.1 (1) and 245.9 (2), Ge—I 255.9 (1) pm. The packing of the I-(Ph2Ge-)4I molecules resembles a tetragonal body centred sphere packing with coordination number (10+4). Domains for the 12 normal vibrations of the chain I-Ge4-I are given.  相似文献   

2.
The synthesis of GePh4 and Ge2Ph6 by Grignard reaction in THF or ether/toluene leads to the by-products Ge3Ph8 (up to 11%) and Ge4Ph10 (up to 18%) which is dependant on using an excess of Mg. A quantitative analysis of the resulting products by HPLC and a semipreparative separation by column, flash, and HPL chromatography is described. The crystal structures of Ge3Ph8 (R = 0.075) and Ge4Ph10 · 2C6H6 (R = 0.054) have been determined. Ge4Ph10 has Ci symmetry and both chain conformations are well staggered (49–70° for Ge3Ph8, 53–66° for Ge4Ph10). The GeGe distances and GeGeGe angles are 244 pm and 121° (Ge3Ph8), and 246 pm and 118° (Ge4Ph10).  相似文献   

3.
The optimum conditions for the synthesis of the trigermanes Ge3Ph8 and Ge3Me2Ph6 according to R2GeCl2 + 2 Ph3GeAk (Ak = Li, K) in HMPT have been determined. The main difficulty is to repress a nucleophilic attack of Ph3Ge at newly formed GeGe bonds. The mass spectrum of Ge3Me2Ph6 shows rearrangements of the GePh3 and Ph/Me groups. The 13C NMR phenyl signals of di-, tri- and tetra-germanes are nearly identical. Ge3Ph8 and Ge4Ph10 transform to the plastically-crystalline state before melting (ΔH 45.3 and 54.9 kJ mol−1). The crystal structure of Ge3Me2Ph6 has been determined. The molecule has C2 symmetry (GeGe 242.9(1) pm, GeGeGe 120.3(1)°).  相似文献   

4.
On Polygermanes. X. Vibrational Spectra of the Homorings (Ph2Ge)4, (Ph2Ge)5, and (Ph2Ge)6 IR and Raman transitions of the crystalline title compounds are given from 3100 to 100 cm?1. The spectra are nearly identical above 350 cm?1. The Gen ring vibrations range from 330 to 140 cm?1 and are unspecifically coupled with mass sensitive phenyl modes. The distribution of the individual values is discussed by means of the intracyclic bond angles determined by X-ray structure analysis.  相似文献   

5.
On Polygermanes. VII. Crystal Structure of Dodecaphenylcyclohexagermane Ditoluene The crystal structure of the title compound ( 1 d ) has been determined, refined to a R of 0.071, and compared with the structure of Ge6Ph12 · 7 benzene ( 1 c ). The molecular structure of Ge6Ph12 ( 1 ) is a Ge6-chair with 6 axial and equatorial phenyl substituents respectively. The two toluene molecules in 1 d sandwich 1 above and below the plane of the six-membered ring resulting in steeper axial phenyl groups, stronger rippling of the Ge6-chair and stretched Ge–Ge distances (246.3 pm) compared to 1 c . 1 has Ci-symmetry in both structures with nearly identical torsion of the phenyl groups. The Ge6(Pheq)6-part of the molecule approximates C2h-symmetry. The arrangement of any two phenyl groups realizes largely either a parallel or a perpendicular setting of their respective planes. The joint conformation found is a normal conformation for molecules of the type X6Ph12.  相似文献   

6.
The germylene Ph2Ge of Ph2GeHCl and Net3 inserts in excess Ph2GeHCl and forms polygermanes Cl(Ph2Ge)nH. This one-pot reaction and subsequent chlorination to Cl(Ph2Ge)nCl has been optimized. Increasing amounts of NEt3 step up the yields of higher polygermanes. The 13C NMR phenyl signals for C(ipso) shift to low field with increasing chain length. The crystal structures of Cl(Ph2Ge)3,4Cl (R = 0.072 and 0.087) have been determined. The position of Cl(Ph2Ge)4Cl is split off by disorder (main molecule 82%, side molecule 18%). Two crystallographically different molecules of the trigermane are present; the ClGe3Cl chain contains anti-gauche and gauche-gauche conformation respectively (distances GeGe 241.3–243.7 pm, angles GeGeGe 110.4 and 116.7°). The ClGe4Cl chain is centrosymmetric and has all-anti conformation (distances GeGe 245.0 and 244.2 and 244.2 pm, angle GeGeGe 116.2°).  相似文献   

7.
Structural Chemistry of Phosphorus Containing Chains and Rings. 7. Molecular and Crystal Structure of the Diphosphagermetane (t-BuP)2(GePh2)2 The compound 1,2-di-tert-butyl-3,3,4,4-tetraphenyl-diphospha-3,4-digerma-cyclobutan, (t-BuP)2(GePh2)2, crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P21/c with a = 996.8 pm, b = 1337.3 pm, c = 2403.4 pm, β = 92.66° and Z = 4 formula units. The main structural feature is a non-planar four-membered ring. The (average) bond lengths are d(Ge? Ge) = 242.1 pm, d(Ge? P) = 234.0 pm, d(P? P) = 221.6 pm, d(Ge? C) = 194.9 pm, d(P? C) = 188.tyl4 pm, d(C? C)Ph = 136.l5 pm, d(C? C)t-Bu = 151.8 pm, d(C? H)Ph = 91 pm, d(C? H)t-Bu ? 95 pm. The geometry of the substituents phenyl and tert-butyl is quite normal.  相似文献   

8.
Two novel hypervalent selenium(IV) compounds stabilized by intramolecular interactions, namely 6‐phenyl‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐2,3‐dioxa‐2aλ4‐selenacyclopenta[hi]indene, C14H12O2Se, 14 , and 5‐phenyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐benzo[c][1,2]oxaselenole‐7‐carbaldehyde, C14H12OSe2, 15 , have been synthesized by the reaction of 2‐chloro‐1‐formyl‐3‐(hydroxymethylene)cyclohexene with in‐situ‐generated disodium diselenide (Na2Se2). The title compounds were characterized by FT–IR spectroscopy, ESI–MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. For 14 , there is whole‐molecule disorder, with occupancies of 0.605 (10) and 0.395 (10), a double bond between C and Se, and the five‐membered selenopentalene rings are coplanar. The packing is stabilized by π–π stacking interactions involving one of the five‐membered Se/C/C/C/O rings [centroid–centroid (CgCg) distance = 3.6472 (18) Å and slippage = 1.361 Å], as well as C—H…π interactions involving a C—H group and the phenyl ring. In addition, there are bifurcated C—H…Se,O interactions which link the molecules into ribbons in the c direction. For 15 , the C—Se bond lengths are longer than those of 14 . The two five‐membered rings are coplanar. There are no π–π or C—H…π interactions; however, molecules are linked by C—H…O interactions into centrosymmetric dimers, with graph‐set notation R22(16).  相似文献   

9.
The optimum conditions for selectively cleaving off two phenyl groups in Ge2Ph6 by trichloroacetic acid have been determined. Neither trihaloacetic acids nor HCl/AlCl3 nor reactive tetrahalides MCl4 are suitable reagents for cleaving one phenyl group alone. The 13C NMR chemical shifts of functional phenyl-mono- and -digermanes are given. The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(trichloroacetate)tetraphenyldigermane has been determined and refined to R = 0.048. The digermane bond is bridged by both acetates (distances GeGe 239.3(2), GeO 207.3(3) and 231.4(3) pm). The Ge atoms have trigonal bipyramidal coordination.  相似文献   

10.
On Polygermanes. II. Modifications of Dodecaphenylcyclohexagermane Dodecaphenylcyclohexagermane (1) can be obtained from solutions pure (1a) , with 2 und 7 moles of crystal benzene (1b, 1c) and with 2 moles of crystal toluene (1d). Mass spectrum, 13C-nmr spectrum, assigned vibrational spectra (vs, Ge? Ge? Ge = 220–235 cm?1, vas, Ge? Ge? Ge = 245–260 cm?1) and crystal data are given. The crystal structure of 1c has been determined and refined to a R of 0.059. 1 forms a flattened Ge6-chair (Ge-Ge distance 245.7(1) pm) with 6 axial and equatorial substituents respectively. The molecules of 1 approach spheres with a packing midway between a simple cubic and a cubic closest-packed arrangement.  相似文献   

11.
About Glass Formation and Properties of Chalcogenide Systems. XXXIII. Condensed Thio- and Selenohypodigermanates and -silicates Na8M4X10 (M?Si, Ge) and Na4Ge4X8 (X?S, Se) The formation of the compounds Na8Si4X10 and Na8Ge4X10 (X?S, Se) is reported prepared by reaction of Ge2S3 or Ge2Se3 with Na2S or Na2Se, respectively, in CH3OH utilizing a mole ratio of 1 to 2 or in the case of the Si compounds by synthesis from the elements. Applying the mole ratio Ge2X3:Na2X = 1 the compounds Na4Ge4X8 (X?S, Se) are obtained. The anion constitution is discussed in relation with cryoscopic mole weight measurements in Glauber-salt melts.  相似文献   

12.
Crystal Structure of Ag2Ge2O5: A New Ge2O52? Network Structure Ag2Ge2O5 was prepared from the binary oxides at high O2 pressures. Single crystal X-ray diffraction work indicated monoclinic symmetry (P21/c; a = 1101.3(2); b = 1006.3(1); c = 1221.9(3) pm; ß = 94.6(1)°). The structure was determined by direct methods (3372 independent structure factors) and refined to a conventional R value of 0.084. A new Ge2O52? network structure was found with germanium coordinated octahedrally (­d(Ge—O) = 188,7 pm) and tetrahedrally (­d(Ge—O) = 175,9 pm), in equal proportions, by oxygen. The polyhedra share vertices and edges, thus forming a three dimensional channel system, which is occupied by Ag+ ions. The shortest Ag—Ag distance of 284 pm, like the pale yellow colour of the compound, indicates Ag+—Ag+ interaction.  相似文献   

13.
About Glas Formation and Properties of Chalcogenide Systems. XXVIII. On Bonding Energies of Si? Si and Ge? Ge Bonds in Na6Si2X6 and Na6Ge2X6 (X = S, Se) Potentiometric titration of 0.01 molar solutions of Na6Si2S6, Na6Si2Se6, Na6Ge2S6, and Na6Ge2Se6 in methanol with bromine yields the thermodynamic data of the reactions which take place under scission of the Si—Si or Ge—Ge bonds, respectively. The bonding energies of these homonuclear bonds are estimated and compared with data from the literature.  相似文献   

14.
An autoionization of germanium dichloride/dioxane complex with an imino‐N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand ( L ) afforded a novel germyliumylidene ion, [( L )GeCl]+[GeCl3]?, which was fully characterized. Reduction of the germyliumylidene ion with potassium graphite produced a cyclic species [( L )Ge], which can be viewed as both a Ge0 species and a mesoionic germylene. X‐ray diffraction analysis and computational studies revealed one of the lone pairs on the Ge atom is involved in the π system on the GeC2N2 five‐membered ring. It was also confirmed that the nucleophilic behavior of [( L )Ge] as a two lone‐pair donor.  相似文献   

15.
The quaternary germanides RE3TRh4Ge4 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd; T = Nb, Ta) were synthesized from the elements by arc‐melting and subsequent annealing in a muffle furnace. The structure of Ce3TaRh4Ge4 was refined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer data: new type, Pbam, a = 719.9(2), b = 1495.0(3), c = 431.61(8), wR2 = 0.0678, 1004 F2 values, and 40 variables. Isotypy of the remaining phases was evident from X‐ray powder patterns. Ce3TaRh4Ge4 is a new superstructure variant of the aristotype AlB2 with an ordering of cerium and tantalum on the aluminum site, whereas the honey‐comb network is built up by a 1:1 ordering of rhodium and germanium. This crystal‐chemical relationship is discussed based on a group‐subgroup scheme. The distinctly different size of tantalum and cerium leads to a pronounced puckering of the [Rh4Ge4] network, which shows the shortest interatomic distances (253–271 pm Rh–Ge) within the Ce3TaRh4Ge4 structure. Another remarkable structural feature concerns the tantalum coordination with six shorter Ta–Rh bonds (265–266 pm) and six longer Ta–Ge bonds (294–295 pm). The [Rh4Ge4] network fully separates the tantalum and cerium atoms (Ce–Ce > 387 pm, Ta–Ta > 431 pm, and Ce–Ta > 359 pm). The electronic density of states DOS from DFT calculations show metallic behavior with large contributions of localized Ce 4f as well as itinerant ones from all constituents at the Fermi level but no significant magnetic polarization on Ce could be identified. The bonding characteristics described based on overlap populations illustrate further the crystal chemistry observations of the different coordination of Ce1 and Ce2 in Ce3TaRh4Ge4. The Rh–Ge interactions within the network are highlighted as dominant. The bonding magnitudes follow the interatomic distances and identify differences of Ta bonding vs. Ce1/Ce2 bonding with the Rh and Ge substructures.  相似文献   

16.
Eu5Ge3 and EuIrGe2 were prepared from the elements in tantalum tubes, and their crystal structures were determined from single crystal X-ray data. Eu5Ge3 adopts the structure of Cr5B3: I4/mcm, a = 799.0(1)pm, c = 1 536.7(1)pm, Z = 4, wR2 = 0.0421 for 669 F2 values and 16 variables. The structure of Eu5Ge3 contains isolated germanium atoms and germanium atom pairs with a Ge? Ge distance of 256.0 pm. Eu5Ge3 may be described as a Zintl phase with the formulation [5 Eu2+]10+[Ge]4?[Ge2]6?. Magnetic investigations of Eu5Ge3 show Curie-Weiss behaviour above 50 K with a magnetic moment of μexp = 7.6(1) μB which is close to the free ion value of μeff = 7.94 μB for Eu2+. EuIrGe2 is isotypic with CeNiSi2: Cmcm, a = 445.5(2) pm, b = 1 737.4(4) pm, c = 426.6(1) pm, Z = 4, wR2 = 0.0507 for 295 F2 values and 18 variables. The structure of EuIrGe2 is an intergrowth of ThCr2Si2-like slabs with composition EuIr2Ge2 and AlB2-like slabs with composition EuGe2 in an AB stacking sequence. Both slabs are distorted when compared to the symmetry of the prototypes. The Ge? Ge distance of 256.6 pm in the AlB2-like fragment is comparable to that in Eu5Ge3.  相似文献   

17.
Contribution to the Chemistry of Sulfur Halides. 12. Triphenylmethane-chlorosulfane, -bromosulfane, and -iodosulfane Vibrational frequencies of the triphenylmethanehalogenosulfanes Ph3CSX (X = Cl, Br, I) are assigned under special consideration of the S—I frequency at 370 cm?1. Ph3CSBr crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 877.1(4) pm, b = 939.7(9) pm, c = 1035.5(9) pm, α = 113.29(9)°, β = 98.88(9)°, γ = 97.34(9)°, Z = 2 and d(S–Br) = 216.9(2) pm according to a X-ray structure analysis at 163 K.  相似文献   

18.
A series of [3]ferrocenophanes of general formula Fe(C5H4X)2YCl2 and the spiro compounds [Fe(C5H4X)2]2Ge (X = S, Se; Y = Ge, Sn) have been prepared by the reaction of ferrocene 1,1′-dithiol and ferrocene 1,1′-diselenol with tetrahalides of germanium and tin. Spectroscopic properties of the compounds are reported. In solution, the compounds are fluxional by a bridge reversal process. The crystal structure of 1,3-diselena-2,2-dichlorogermyl-[3]ferrocenophane at 163 K. has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. At that temperature, crystals have space group P21/n with a 6.222(3), b 16.156(13), c 12.968(4) Å, β 97.53(1)° and Z = 4. Least-squares refinement gave R = 0.033 for 2834 unique significant reflections whose intensities were measured by counter diffractometry. The two SeGe bond lengths are 2.323 and 2.325(1) Å, with GeCl 2.148 and 2.161(1) Å. The SeGeSe bond angle is 118.2(1)°, ClGeCl 104.7(1)°, and SeGeCl angles range from 106.2 to 109.8(1)°. The SeC bond lengths are 1.901 and 1.904(5) Å, with CSeGe angles of 95.8 and 96.5(2)°. The cyclopentadienyl rings are in an eclipsed conformation with a mean twist angle of 2.7°, and are inclined to one another at 6.1°. The Se atoms are displaced from the ring planes by 0.17 and 0.20 Å yielding a non-bonded intramolecular Se…Se contact of 3.99 Å.  相似文献   

19.
New Sr Compounds with Planar Al‐Si/Ge Anions and a Correction of SrSi‐II and SrGe0.76 Planar anions with considerable pπpπ interactions between heavier group 13 and 14 elements are observed in several alkaline earth trielides and tetrelides. In the intermetallics of the series SrAlxGe2?x (border phases: x = 1: , a = 429.4(3), c = 474.4(3) pm, Z = 1, R1 = 0.0305, SrPtSb type and x = 1.6: P6/mmm, a = 440.4(2), c = 478.2(2) pm, Z = 1, R1 = 0.0125, AlB2 type) graphite analogue planar Al/Ge nets with short Al‐Ge bonds are stacked in identical orientation, showing inter‐layer distances of approx. 475 pm. Starting from the related planar ribbons of condensed six‐membered rings in the known intermetallics (MIV = Si, Ge) a series of new metal‐rich oxides with chain pieces consisting of three, two and finally only one six‐membered ring have been prepared and characterized on the basis of single crystal X‐ray data. The formal fragmentation of the ribbons is achieved by the incorporation of [OSr6] octahedra, chains of which (connected via common corners) exactly fit the distance between the planar anions. The structures of the two compounds (MIV = Si, Ge; formerly erroneously reported as SrSi and SrGe0.76, space group Immm, a = 482.48(5)/484.55(8), b = 1306.5(2)/1342.2(2), c = 1814.0(2)/1857.4(3) pm, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0369/0.0316) contain isolated planar anions [M2Al2M2Al2M2]18? with only one six‐membered ring. In the monoclinic structures of the silicide Sr13[Al6Si8][O] (C2/m, a = 2245.1(4), b = 482.76(5), c = 1720.6(5) pm, β=125.21(2)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0579) and the germanide Sr16[Al8Ge10][O] (C2/m, a = 2287.23(14), b = 484.94(3), c = 2065.70(13) pm, β=120.150(4)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0730) anions [Si2Al2Si2Al2Si2Al2Si2] and [Ge2M2Ge2M2Ge2M2Ge2M2Ge2] with two and three six‐membered rings are left as fragments of the ribbons in Sr3Al2M2. The puzzling bonding situation in these type of polar intermetallics at the Zintl border is calculated (using the DFT FP‐LAPW approach) for the structures with manageably small unit cells and discussed for the series SrAlM – Sr3Al2M2 – Sr16[Al8M10][O] – Sr13[Al6M8][O] – Sr10[Al4M6][O].  相似文献   

20.
The self‐assembly of Ge–O polyhedra by metal‐complex templates leads to initial examples of open germanate structures under mild solvothermal conditions. These materials are constructed from Ge–O cluster building bocks (Ge7X19 (X=O, OH, or F) or Ni@Ge14O24(OH)3) and span the full range of dimensionalities from 1D chains of Ge7O13(OH)2F3?Cl?2[Ni(dien)2] (FJ‐ 6 ) to 2D layers of Ge7O14F3?0.5[In(dien)2]?0.5H3dien? 2H2O ( 1 ) and 3D frameworks of Ni@ Ge14O24(OH)3?2[Ni(L)3] (FJ‐ 1 a /FJ‐ 1 b ) (dien=diethylenetriamine, L=ethylenediamine (en) or 1,2‐diaminopropane (enMe)). The Ge7X19 cluster in FJ‐ 6 and 1 is formed by condensation of four GeX4 tetrahedra, two GeX5 trigonal bipyramids, and one GeX6 octahedron with a μ3‐O atom at the center of the cluster, whereas the Ni@ Ge14O24(OH)3 cluster in FJ‐ 1 a /FJ‐ 1 b is formed by condensation of nine peripheral GeO4 tetrahedra and five interior GeO3Ni units with one μ5‐Ni atom at the center of the cluster. FJ‐ 6 is characterized by a pair of racemic Ge7O14(OH)2F3 cluster chains and represents only one example of 1D germanates; 1 exhibits unique germanate layers with uniform 10‐membered‐ring apertures encapsulating an unknown indium complex, and the framework structure of FJ‐ 1 a /FJ‐ 1 b with large 24‐membered‐ring channels is the first example of porous materials that contain metal–metal bonds (Ge2+? Ni+). These initial examples of germanates from metal‐complex templates provide a useful model system for understanding the mechanisms of host–guest interactions, which may further facilitate the design and development of new porous materials “on demand”. It is shown that the symmetry and configuration of the guest metal complex can be imprinted onto the host inorganic framework through hydrogen bonding between host and guest.  相似文献   

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