电化学传感分析平台测定污水中的Cr（Ⅵ）

结合微型电化学仪器,研究了一种快速、便携、灵敏的Cr(Ⅵ)电化学传感分析平台,用于污水中Cr(Ⅵ)的检测。采用三电极体系,差分脉冲阴极溶出伏安法(DPCSV),记录伏安曲线中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原峰。Cr(Ⅵ)的溶出峰电流与其浓度在2～500μmol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,测得Cr(Ⅵ)的检出限为0.55μmol/L (28.60μg/L),达到了世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的饮用水中Cr(Ⅵ)的最高含量50μg/L。测得镀铬厂废水中Cr(Ⅵ)含量为2.03μmol/L,与国家标准方法中光谱学分析法的测定结果基本一致。方法重现性好、灵敏度高,使其应用在现场实时监测环境中的Cr(Ⅵ)含量具有很大的潜力。     

芦丁的方波溶出伏安行为及其分析检测

应用方波溶出伏安法研究了芦丁在0.1mol.L-1HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中于玻碳电极上的电化学行为.考察了溶液酸度、沉积电位、沉积时间等因素对芦丁方波溶出伏安行为的影响,优化了实验参数.结果表明,在pH3.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,芦丁在-0.46 V产生溶出峰,峰电流与芦丁的浓度在5.0×10-8mol.L-1~1.0×10-6mol.L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数0.997 99,检测限1.1×10-8mol.L-1.可用于药剂中芦丁含量的测定.     

阿昔洛韦在活化玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其分析应用

采用循环伏安法和微分脉冲溶出伏安法对抗病毒药阿昔洛韦在活化玻碳电极上的电化学行为进行了研究.玻碳电极在1.0 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液中,用循环伏安法在0.5～1.5 V电位范围内活化500 S,在pH 3.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,阿昔洛韦在1.25 V(对Ag/AgCl)处有一良好的氧化峰,线性范围为5.0×10-7～1.0×10-5mol·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为1.7×10-7mol·L-1,比非活化玻碳电极测定降低了约12倍,应用此法分析了阿昔洛韦片剂中阿昔洛韦的含量,测得结果与分光光度法测得的结果相符.     

SMV在SDBS自组装膜与RGO复合修饰碳糊电极上的电催化氧化及电分析研究

研究了辛伐他汀(SMV)在表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)自组装膜与石墨烯(RGO)复合修饰碳糊电极(SDBS-RGO/CPE)上的电催化氧化和电化学动力学性质。实验结果表明,SDBS-RGO/CPE对SMV电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用。同时用循环伏安法(CV),计时电流法(CA)测定了SMV在SDBS-RGO/CPE上的电极反应动力学参数,用方波伏安法(SWV)测得SMV氧化峰电流(I pa)与其浓度在6.0×10-5～4.5×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-6mol·L-1,同时运用该方法对市售辛伐他汀片剂中SMV含量进行了电化学定量测定,测定结果符合定量测定要求。     

碳糊电极阴极溶出伏安法测定当归中阿魏酸

采用碳糊电极作工作电极,阴极溶出伏安法对阿魏酸进行测定。在0.05mol.L-1盐酸溶液中,当有0.04mmol.L-1氯化钠溶液,0.004g.L-1十二烷基硫酸钠溶液存在时,1.1V(vs.SCE)富集180s,以100mV.s-1扫描速率从1.0V扫描至0V。阿魏酸在碳糊电极上于0.46V处产生一灵敏的阴极溶出伏安峰,峰电流与阿魏酸浓度在2.2×10-7～1.1×10-5 mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为4.0×10-8 mol.L-1。初步探讨了阿魏酸的电化学性质,此方法用于测定当归中阿魏酸的含量,并以此样品为基体做回收试验,测得回收率在104.0%～109.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.6%～5.3%之间。     

BPA在Na-MMT-CMC/GCE修饰电极上的电化学行为与检测

用循环伏安法和方波溶出伏安法研究了双酚A(BPA)在Na-MMT-CMC/GCE修饰电极上的电化学行为,并建立了一种检测BPA的电化学方法.实验表明:在pH 11.27的B-R缓冲溶液中,在0.42 V处出现一灵敏度高、峰形好的氧化峰.在优选的实验条件下,BPA浓度在6.0 ～80 μmol/L范围内与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限为0.24 μmol/L,运用该法用于BPA回收率的测定取得令人满意的结果.     

安乃近在蒙脱土修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了蒙脱土修饰电极,并采用循环伏安法研究了安乃近在该电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,该电极过程是一受扩散控制的不可逆过程。用方波溶出伏安法优化了实验参数,测定了浓度与峰电流Ipa的线性关系,发现Ipa与安乃近浓度在2.0×10-6~8.0×10-5mol.L-1之间呈良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为:Ipa(μA)=-0.07784-15443.54c(μmol.L-1),r=-0.9993,检出限可达1.12×10-6mol.L-1,回收率为94.0%~108.25%。该方法可用于药物中安乃近含量的测定。     

β-丙氨酸-银复合膜修饰电极用于循环伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

制备了β-丙氨酸-银复合膜修饰电极(Ag-Ala/GCE),采用循环伏安法研究了对乙酰氨基酚在修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:在pH 4.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中,对乙酰氨基酚在修饰电极上呈现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,提出了用循环伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚的含量。对乙酰氨基酚浓度在6.0×10-7～7.0×10-4 mol.L-1范围内与氧化峰电流呈现线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.0×10-7 mol.L-1。修饰电极用于药剂中对乙酰氨基酚的测定,并用标准加入法测得方法的回收率在95.1%～101.6%之间。     

微分脉冲溶出伏安法结合化学计量学测定醚类除草剂

在pH=6.82的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,采用循环伏安法和微分脉冲溶出伏安法对醚类除草剂甲羧除草醚(Bifenox)和三氟羧草醚(Acifluofen)的伏安行为进行了研究,发现吸附时间为50 s时此电化学体系达到平衡,而且微分脉冲溶出伏安法能给出较高的灵敏度,甲羧除草醚和三氟羧草醚分别在-685 mV和-700 mV处具有良好还原峰,但由于峰电位接近而谱峰重叠,很难分别测定.本文采用化学计量学方法来解析重叠峰并完成这两种除草剂的定量分析.甲羧除草醚和三氟羧草醚的测定线性范围分别为0.02～0.18 μg·5mL~(-1)和0.02～0.16 μg·5mL~(-1),检出限分别为0.0073 μg·5mL~(-1)和0.0068 μg·5mL~(-1).利用该方法对水样中的甲羧除草醚和三氟羧草醚进行直接测定,获得了较好的定量分析结果.     

金电极上放线菌素D的电化学行为及分析测定

应用方波溶出伏安法研究了放线菌素D在KH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液中于金电极上的电化学行为以及酸度、预富集沉积电位、预富集沉积时间、方波频率、方波幅度、电位增量等的影响,优化测定参数,建立一种直接测定放线菌素D的电分析测定方法.在0.1～10.0μmol.L-1浓度范围内,放线菌素D与其方波溶出伏安氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9991,检测限1.0×10-8mol.L-1.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).