探究分子运动实验的改进

改进了探究分子运动实验,操作简单,现象明显,不仅证明了氨水分子不断运动,而且可以证明酚酞分子也在不断运动,使学生更好地理解分子运动的普遍性规律。     

"分光光度法测定碘化铅溶度积常数"实验存在的问题及改进

针对"分光光度法测定碘化铅溶度积常数"实验测定方法中存在的问题,提出了改进方法。用改进后的方法测定碘化铅溶度积常数,减少了实验药品和污染,简化了实验环节和数据处理过程,使实验测定的数据更准确。并且根据热力学公式推导、计算和作图,给出了lnK_(sp)~θ与1/T关系的直线方程,可以判断不同温度时测试结果的准确程度。     

溶胶-凝胶膜修饰的碘离子选择性电极

用溶胶-凝胶包埋硝酸银制备了碘离子选择性电极.电极对I-离子在10-1~10-7mol/L浓度范围内呈Nernst响应,斜率为58.321 mV/pI-,检测下限为4.6×10-8mol/L,回收率为97.4%~103.2%.     

溶胶-凝胶基质修饰的碘离子选择电极

研制了一种用溶胶 -凝胶作为基质 ,进行化学修饰的碘离子选择电极 ,并对溶胶 -凝胶包埋活性敏感物质的条件和电极响应机理进行了优化和探讨 ;电极Nernst响应范围为1.0×10 -1～5.0×10 -7mol/L,斜率为58.0mV/pc ,检出限为1.0×10-7 mol/L;电极制作简单 ,成本低廉 ,易于成批生产和微型化 ,具有可在严酷条件下使用的特点 ;电极用于样品分析 ,结果令人满意     

Application of the Specific Ion Interaction Theory → the Solubility Product and First Hydrolysis Constant of Europium

The specific ion interaction theory (SIT) was applied to the first hydrolysis constants of Eu(III) and solubility product of Eu(OH)₃ in aqueous 2, 3 and 4 mol⋅dm⁻³ NaClO₄ at 303.0 K, under CO₂-free conditions. Diagrams of pEu_aq versus pC_H were constructed from solubilities obtained by a radiometric method, the solubility product log₁₀ K_{sp, Eu(OH)3}^I {Eu(OH)_3(s) Eu_aq³⁺+ 3OH_aq⁻ } values were calculated from these diagrams and the results obtained are log₁₀ K_sp,Eu(OH)3^I = − 22.65 ± 0.29, −23.32 ± 0.33 and −23.70 ± 0.35 for ionic strengths of 2, 3 and 4 mol⋅dm⁻³ NaClO₄, respectively. First hydrolysis constants {Eu_aq³⁺+H₂O Eu(OH)_(aq)²⁺+H⁺ } were also determined in these media by pH titration and the values found are log₁₀β_Eu,H^I = − 8.19 ± 0.15, −7.90 ± 0.7 and −7.61 ± 0.01 for ionic strengths of 2, 3, and 4 mol⋅dm⁻³ NaClO₄, respectively. Total solubilities were estimated taking into account the formation of both Eu³⁺ and Eu(OH)²⁺ (7.7 < pC_H < 9) and the values found are: 1.4 × 10⁻⁶ mol⋅dm⁻³, 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ mol⋅dm⁻³ and 1.3 × 10⁻⁶ mol⋅dm⁻³, for ionic strengths of 2, 3 and 4 mol⋅dm⁻³ NaClO₄, respectively. The limiting values at zero ionic strength were extrapolated by means of the SIT from the experimental results of the present research together with some other published values. The results obtained are log₁₀ K_{sp, Eu(OH)3}^o = − 23.94 ± 0.51 (1.96 SD) and log₁₀β_Eu,H⁰ = − 7.49 ± 0.15 (1.96 SD).     

金属离子选择电极法测定弱酸的离解常数

通过对弱酸难溶盐平衡体系的讨论,导出了弱酸离解常数,金属离子浓度和溶液ｐＨ值之间的关系,从而给出一种利用金属离子选择电极测定弱酸离解常数的方法。采用该法,本文用钙离子选择电极对Ｈ２ＣＯ３,Ｈ２Ｃ２Ｏ４和ＨＦ的离解常数进行了测定,得到与文献值相一致的结果。同时本法可还以用来测定相应的溶度积常数。     

洛美沙星离子选择电极的研制及应用

用正交设计法研究了离子缔合物的种类,膜相中活性物浓度和增塑剂３个因素对电极性能的影响,以四苯硼－洛美沙星形成的缔合物为电活性物质研制了涂碳ＰＶＣ膜洛美沙星电极。其能斯特响应范围为２．０×１０＾－３－１．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ;检测限为４．０×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,级差为２８．９ｍＶ／ｐＣ。     

中性载体PVC膜铅离子选择电极的研制

本文以Igepalco-880-2TPB为电活性物质,研制了中性载体PVC膜铅离子选择性电极;以邻硝基二苯醚和邻硝基十二烷基醚为介体溶剂,测定了电极对一些常见的一价和二价离子的选择系数,除钡离子外,均在10^-3-10^-5数量级;适用的pN范围为2-5,电极的重现性、稳定性均较好。     

Anodic Deposition of Iodide Ion at Silver Electrode

Anodic deposition of iodide ion on silver at 25° in aqueous (0.5 M KNO₃) and in 90% (w/w) ethanol-water (0.05 M KClO₄) solutions was studied galvanostatically. The exchange current density, transfer coefficient and the rate constants for the electrode reaction were evaluated. The experimental results revealed that the overall electrode reaction and the charge-transfer step was the same one, i.e., , which might be assumed highly reversible as reflected by the exchange current density (i) and transfer coefficient (α). The numerical values of the rate constants, and at 25° were, in aqueous solution, 1.02×10^?5 and 2.88×10^?6, and in ethanol solution, 2.88×10^?5 and 6.3×10^?6 cm sec^?1, respectively.     

新型杯芳烃为载体的铅离子选择电极

报道了5,11,17,23-四（1,1-二甲基乙基）-25,27-二羟基-26,28-二[（2-丙酰胺）乙氧基]杯[4]芳烃1的合成及以此化合物为载体研制了PVC膜铅离子选择电极。研究了不同极性的膜增塑剂和亲脂性阴离子位点对铅离子选择电极响应性能的影响,测定了铅离子选择电极的性能。铅离子选择电极对铅离子表现出优良的能斯特响应和高选择性,能在pH4.0-6.5的范围内使用,该电极可作为电位滴定的指示电极。     

运用溶度积计算平衡常数解答疑难问题

运用溶度积计算出与氢氧化镁沉淀相关的反应、与硫化铜沉淀相关的反应、与碳酸钙沉淀相关的反应的平衡常数。通过以上的计算与分析,让学生熟练掌握了运用溶度积计算化学平衡常数,从而判断反应能否发生。     

Analytical Study of A Perchlosate Ion Selective Membrane Electrode

Abstract

A perchlorate ion selective electrode of the liquid ion exchanger membrane type is shown to respond selectively to perchlorate ion acetivity over the 10^?1 to 10^?3.5 M range in aqueous solutions of pH 4 to 11. The electrode is of some analytical usefulness because of its good selectivity for C10^? ₄ over common univalent anions and is employed, herjft, for the determination of solubility product constants of potassium perchlorate, hexamminecobaltiperchlorate, tetrapyridine cupric perchlorate, and tris-1, 10-phenanthroline ferrous perchlorate.     

盐酸氟桂嗪离子选择性电极的制备及应用

研制了盐酸氟桂嗪离子选择性电极。利用正交设计法综合研究了活性的类型、含量以及增塑剂等因素对ＰＶＣ膜电极响应性能的影响，结果表明，以盐酸氟桂嗪－四苯硼钠离子缔合物为活性物质，ＤＢＰ或ＤＯＰ为增塑剂制成的ＰＶＣ膜电极的性能最佳。其响应范围为１．０×１０＾－４－５．０×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，检测下限为３．５×１０＾５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，响应斜率为５８ｍＶ（２５℃）。应用该电极对合成样品及胶囊样品中盐酸氟桂嗪含量     

杯芳烃磷酸酯为载体铅离子选择性膜电极的研究

1引言研制中性载体PVC膜离子选择电极,关键是设计及选择合适的载体。杯芳烃衍生物作为高选择性载体已成功地用于离子选择电极上。本研究合成了两种新的对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃磷酸酯类衍生物,以此化合物为载体制备了两种铅离子选择性膜电极,并对电极的性能进行了研究。2实验部分2.1     

碘化铅溶度积测定实验条件的探索

离子交换法测定碘化铅溶度积是本科无机基础实验课中的一个重要实验。本实验通常时间较长,实验药品消耗偏多。对实验过程进行了改进,包括优化装柱方法,改变HNO3的用量及浓度,改变饱和碘化铅溶液的体积及Pb2+与阳离子树脂进行交换时的流速。实验结果表明,改进后的实验获得了较为准确的溶度积,而且减少了实验试剂的用量,同时也缩短了实验的时间。     

Ketoconazol‐Triiodide Ion Pair Complex as a Suitable Carrier in an Iodide Selective Membrane Electrode

A novel membrane sensor for selective monitoring of iodide, consisting of a triiodide‐ketoconazole ion pair complex dispersed in a PVC matrix, plasticized with a mixture of 2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether and dioctylphtalate with unique selectivity toward iodide ions, is described. The influence of membrane composition, pH of test solution and foreign ions on the electrode performance were investigated. The optimized membrane demonstrates a near‐Nernstian response for iodide ions over a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10^?2 to 1.0 × 10^?5 M, at 25 ± 1 °C. The electrode could be used over a wide pH range 3–10 and has the advantages of high selectivity, fast response time and good lifetime (over 4 months). It was successfully used as indicator electrode in potentiometric titrations and direct potentiometric assay of iodide ions.     

浸涂聚氯乙烯膜曲马多选择电极的性能及应用

测定曲马多含量的常规方法为药典法[1] 。但其前处理手段繁琐费时 ;近来有关测定曲马多的选择性电极已有报道[2 ] ,但未见有关浸涂聚氯乙烯膜曲马多药物电极的报道。作者利用曲马多的碘化物与碘化铋形成的分子型缔合物为电活性物质 ,研制出盐酸曲马多 聚氯乙烯液膜涂层的玻璃电极。此药物电极制作方便 ,再生容易 ,响应迅速 ,在 ｐＨ 3.5～ 7.0范围对曲马多有良好的电位响应。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂ｐＨＳ 3Ｃ型精密酸度计 ;ＰＸＤ 12型数字式离子计 ;2 31型玻璃电极。盐酸曲马多 (纯度为 99.90 % ,康乐制药厂提供 ) ;盐酸曲马多注…     

Iodide Ion-Selective Electrode and Its Application to the Determination of Organic Compounds

The mixture of silver iodide and ferrocene is used to prepare the membrane of iodide ion-selective electrode. The interference of sulfide can be reduced by the addition of cupric ion in the test solution. Ethylene glycol is determined by potentiometric titration using iodine ion-selective electrode as an indicator electrode.     

表面活性剂在离子选择电极分析中的增敏作用

本文以涂丝Ag-Ag2S电极为指示电极,饱和甘汞电极和自制锑电极为参比电极,分别试验了加入阳离子、阴离子和非离子表面活性剂对电极灵敏度的影响。结果表明,加入非离子表面活性剂对电极响应无明显影响,但阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂可使电极灵敏度有较大提高;其中,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对电极的增敏效果显著,可使电极响应线性范围下限扩大一个数量级左右,且电极响应时间缩短,稳定性提高。     

利用溶度积常数判断沉淀转化反应的方向

利用溶度积常数从理论上判断BaSO4沉淀转化成BaCO3沉淀的问题,然后用实验进行了验证。表明理论联系实践,实验检验理论是加深理解理论的重要方法。从而启发教师在上实验课时要把实验中可能出现的问题先交给学生,使学生由被动变为主动,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。