几种合金钢在高压下的状态方程

 本工作测定了合金钢45CrNiMoV、GCr15和W18Cr4V在室温下、4.5 GPa内的p-V关系，并给出了它们的Bridgman方程、格临爱森参数γ₀、体积模量B₀及B₀的压力导数B₀'。     

在手征么正模型中0+重介子是否存在分子态结构

在分子态结构的假设下, 利用手征么正模型研究了D₀(2308)和B₀的可能结构. 通过研究重子-赝标介子相互作用, 找到了一些可能的分子态. 结果表明: 在带奇异数的系统中, 存在一个质量为2.312±0.041GeV的DK束缚态, 它可以被解释为实验上发现的D_s0(2317). 与此同时, 在非奇异系统中, 存在一个与之对应的、质量为2.1GeV的宽度较大的态和一个对应的、质量为2.44GeV的宽度较小的态. 这两个态应对应于D₀. 因此, 分子态结构只能是D₀(2308)一个分量. 计算结果还预言了一些B_s0和B₀态. 其中质量为5.725±0.039GeV的BK束缚态可以被解释为B_s0(5725), 而预言的B₀(5536)和B₀(5819)应为与B_s0(5725)相对应的非奇异态.     

M2B7-(M=Mg,Zn)团簇的双重芳香性促进Mg-Mg和Zn-Zn单键的形成

本文使用密度泛函理论设计了两个无需配体的具有Mg-Mg和Zn-Zn单键的团簇Mg₂B₇^-和Zn₂B₇^-. 这两种团簇的全局能量最低构型均以M₂²⁺(B₇^3-)的形式存在,其中M-M单键处于准平面六边形形状的B₇部分的上方. 化学键分析证实了这些团簇中Mg-Mg和Zn-Zn单键的存在,这些单键是在异常稳定的B₇^3-的驱动下生成的. 该B₇^3-部分同时具有σ和π双重芳香性. 计算得到Mg₂B₇^-和Zn₂B₇^-的垂直跃迁能分别为2.79 eV和2.94 eV.     

Bd0→φK0极化反常和Bd→φKS CP不对称的研究

在模型Ⅲ下, 仅考虑来自于中性规范玻色子H⁰, h⁰和 A⁰产生的树图阶味改变中性流的贡献, 并利用QCD因子化方法, 对B_d⁰→φK^*0衰变过程的极化反常和 B_d→φK_S衰变过程的CP不对称进行了研究, 经过计算发现, 在147<|λ_bsλ_ss|<165的参数范围内, 这两个过程中存在的反常现象能够同时给予解释.     

Z0衰变产生Bc介子

本文基于最重要的"硬"产生机制,计算了Z⁰衰变产生B_c(或B_c)介子并伴有c(或c)和b(或b)两个重夸克喷注的产生率.指出在LEP上的下一次取数据中将产生出足够数目的B_c(或B_c)介子的性质成为可能.     

α-LiIO3单晶体在静电场作用下X射线双晶衍射的研究

本文用X射线双晶摄谱仪观察了α-LiIO₃单晶体的不同晶面在各种方式外加电压作用下,双晶衍射曲线半高宽W,最大反射系数k_B(0)以及积分反射能力R的变化。对于k_B(0)随所加电压和加电压时间的改变有一最大值的现象,我们提出了α-LiIO₃单晶体在静电场作用下IO₃^-离子沿z轴移动和绕z轴转动的可能解释。     

七种非晶铁磁合金的体积磁致伸缩研究

 强制体积磁致伸缩的数量级极小（10^-10~10^-9[(10³/4π)(A/m)]^-1），如通过测量三个互成直角方向的线磁致伸缩（10^-6[(10³/4π)(A/m)]^-1）再正负迭加则很难测准。本文利用热力学关系：(dω/dH)_T,p=-(dM_s/dp)_T,H，用静水压法在0.000 1~2.4 GPa范围测得七种非晶合金Fe_81.6Si_4.6B_13.8、Fe_46.3Co_0.03Ni_46.5Si_3.75V_0.92B_2.5、Fe₇₅Cr₅Si₅B₁₅、Fe_73.9Co_8.3Si_4.4B_13.4、Fe₇₅Ni₅Si₅B₁₅、Fe_78.75Cu_1.25Si₅B₁₅和(Fe_0.85Co_0.15)₈₂Cu_0.4Si_4.4B_13.2的强制体积磁致伸缩及其随静水压p的变化。结果表明：（1）其中六种属于第一类压磁效应。(dω/dH)_T,p在大部分压力下为正，p增加时M_s不断减小；(dω/dH)_T,p仅在几个狭窄的压力范围为负。可归因于磁性原子与非磁性原子的化学短程序在压力下的变化。（2）非晶合金Fe_78.75Cu_1.25Si₅B₁₅属于第二类压磁效应。(dω/dH)_T,p在绝大部分压力下为负。M_s反常升高与Cu的特殊作用有关。     

150keV Ar离子辐照非晶态合金表面发泡和溅射形貌研究

150keV Ar离子辐照非晶态合金Fe₃₉Ni₃₉Mo₂Si₁₂B₈、Fe₄₀Ni₄₀Si₁₂B₈、Fe₃₉Ni₃₉V₂Si₁₂B₈、Fe₇₇Cr₂Si₅B₁₆和Fe₇₈Si₁₀B₁₂,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测研究了表面损伤形貌剂量变化的过程.低剂量时表面发泡形成.发泡随剂量增加受到溅射腐蚀,表面形成坑洞或针孔,针孔密度随剂量增加而增加,高剂量时,表面损伤以溅射为主,溅射对表面的腐蚀导致多孔粗糙的表面损伤结构建立,并且这些结构与靶材料有着密切的关系.     

B0－B0体系重子衰变的CP破坏效应

本文研究了B⁰－B⁰和B⁰－B⁰系统二体重子衰变中的CP不守恒效应.我们讨论了两种实验背景:(1)BB对在Z⁰共振峰不相干产生,(2)电荷共轭宇称C=+1的BB对在Υ(4S)共振峰以上产生.我们估算了检验该效应所需的bb对数目.对于衰B⁰→PP,Δ⁺⁺Δ^－－和Δ⁰Δ⁰,N_bb～10⁷—10⁸.     

机械合金化Fe-B合金的M?ssbauer谱研究

用M?ssbauer谱分析方法研究了配料原子比为Fe₇₀B₃₀,Fe₅₅B₄₅和Fe₃₀B₇₀各样品经机械合金化所形成的合金相的结构特点及其非晶相在退火过程中的转变。揭示出此类非晶相与相应的Fe-B化合物之间存在一定程度的联系。     

Solidification microstructure selection of the peritectic Nd-Fe-B alloys

Bridgman directional solidification and laser remelting experiments were carried out on Nd_11.76Fe_82.36B_5.88 and Nd_13.5Fe_79.75B_6.75 alloys. Microstructure evolutions along with solidification parameters (temperature gradient G, growth velocity V and initial alloy composition C ₀) were investigated. A solidification microstructure selection map was established, based on the consideration of solidification characteristics of peritectic T₁ phase. In Bridgman directional solidification experiments, with the increasing growth velocities, the morphology of T₁ phase changed from plane front or faceted plane front to dendrites. In laser remelting experiments, a transition from primary γ-Fe dendrites to T₁ dendrites was found. Theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experimental results. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50395100)     

Ru13原子簇基态的磁性

采用离散变分局域自旋密度泛函方法，研究了三种可能的高对称几何构型的由１３个钌原子组成的Ru₁₃原子簇的电子结构．结果表明，所有具有不同对称性的Ru₁₃原子簇在它们各自的平衡位置处都有两重磁性解，从能量上看，每一种构型的低自旋解都比高自旋解更为稳定．基态原子簇为Ｉ_hRu₁₃原子簇，具有４μ_B的磁矩，或每个原子具有０.３１μ_B的磁矩．这与实验测得的Ru₁₃原 关键词：     

碱金属掺杂富勒烯超导体的临界温度和约化能隙研究

碱金属掺杂富勒烯与传统的超导体情况不同，它有一个很宽区域的声子谱，其最高频率和最低频率分别与费密能Ｅ_F和零温超导能隙△₀为同一数量级，这必将导致对原来强耦合超导电性理论的修正。本文在此情况下求解Ｅｌｉａｓｈｂｅｒｇ方程，得到Ｔ_c和△₀的表达式。结果表明，分子间的低频振动模和分子上的高频振动模同样参与电声耦合，Ｔ_c主要取决于声子谱中高频成份的贡献，而△₀的增加主要取决于声子谱中 关键词：     

稀土化合物RX的晶场参数分析

本文对NaCl型结构的稀土化合物RX(X=N,P,As,Sb,Bi)的晶场参数B₄⁰的实验值进行了分析。在此基础上我们提出一个新的利用简单点电荷模型计算RX晶场参数B₄⁰值的关系式:B₄⁰=k₃(B₄⁰)_p+c₃。用此关系式我们确定了一系列RX的晶场参数B₄⁰值,结果与实验值符合很好。对关系式的含义本文也作了充分讨论。 关键词：     

Dielectric and optical behaviors in relaxor ferroelectric Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)1−xTixO3 crystal

Dielectric permittivities (ε′,ε″) have been measured as functions of temperature (140-535 K) and frequency (500 Hz-2.0 MHz) in a (001)-cut Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)_0.7Ti_0.3O₃ (PINT30%) single crystal grown by the modified Bridgman method with Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.71Ti_0.29O₃ (PMNT29%) seed crystal. A diffused phase transition was observed in the temperature region of ∼430-460 K with strong frequency dispersion. Above the Burns temperature T_B≅510 K, the dielectric permittivity was found to follow the Curie-Weiss behavior, ε′=C/(T−T_C), with parameters C=3.9×10⁵ and T_C=472 K. Below T_B≅510 K, polar nanoclusters are considered to appear and are responsible for the diffused dielectric anomaly. Optical transmission, refractive indices, and the Cauchy equations were obtained as a function of wavelength at room temperature. The unpoled crystal shows almost no birefringence, indicating that the average structural symmetry is optically isotropic. The crystal exhibits a broad transparency in the wavelength range of ∼0.4-6.0 μm.     

The long-time behavior of initially separated A+B→0 reaction-diffusion systems with arbitrary diffusion constants

We examine the long-time behavior of A+B0 reaction-diffusion systems with initially segregated species A and B. All of our analysis is carried out for arbitrary (positive) values of the diffusion constantsD _A andD _B and initial concentrationsa ₀ andb ₀ of A's and B's. We divide the domain of the partial differential equations describing the problem into several regions in which they can be reduced to simpler, solvable equations, and we merge the solutions. Thus we derive general formulas for the concentration profiles outside the reaction zone, the location of the reaction zone center, and the total reaction rate. An asymptotic condition for the reaction front to be stationary is also derived. The properties of the reaction layer are studied in the mean-field approximation, and we show that not only the scaling exponents, but also the scaling functions are independent ofD _A,D _B,a ₀ andb ₀.     

Severe plastic deformation of amorphous alloys: II. Magnetic properties

The influence of severe plastic deformation in a Bridgman cell on the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys of metal-metalloid type, Ni₄₄Fe₂₉Co₁₅Si₂B₁₀, Fe₇₄Si₁₃B₉Nb₃Cu₁, Fe_57.5Ni₂₅B_17.5, Fe_49.5Ni₃₃B_17.5, and Fe₇₀Cr₁₅B₁₅, obtained by melt spinning, has been investigated. It is found that the saturation magnetization significantly changes (increases or decreases), depending on the number of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic components in the alloy. It is suggested that very high shear stress causes internal phase decomposition in the amorphous matrix into nanoscale regions, enriched or depleted with ferromagnetic components.     

Classification of stationary space-times

A systematic approach to the geometric structure of stationary gravitational fields is presented. The algebraic type of the trace-free Ricci tensor together with the propagation properties of the eigenrays in the background 3-space defined by the Killing trajectories serve as a basis for classifying the solutions of the stationary field equations. The eigenrays are the integral curves belonging to the solutions _A of the eigenvalue problemG _A ^B _B=_A,G _A ^B spinor representing the gravitational field in the background space. Many of the already known stationary metrics can be derived in the present scheme but new solutions of the field equations are also obtained. The possible types of the vacuum and electrovac fields are discussed in their connection with the corresponding exact solutions.Work honoured by a Fifth Gravity Research Foundation Award in 1973.Leverhulme Visiting Fellow.     

Optical constants of Cu(In0.7Ga0.3)5Se8 and Cu(In0.4Ga0.6)5Se8 crystals

Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry has been applied to characterize the optical constants of bulk Cu(In_0.7Ga_0.3)₅Se₈ and Cu(In_0.4Ga_0.6)₅Se₈ crystals grown by the Bridgman method. The spectra were measured at room temperature over the energy range 0.8-4.4 eV. Adachi’s model was used to calculate the dielectric functions as well as the spectral dependence of complex refractive index, absorption coefficient, and normal-incidence reflectivity. The calculated data are in good agreement with the experimental ones over the entire range of photon energies. The parameters such as strength, threshold energy, and broadening, corresponding to the E₀, E_1A, and E_1B interband transitions, have been determined using the simulated annealing algorithm.