土壤中17种有机氯农药残留量的毛细管气相色谱测定法

采用专用索氏提取器、正己烷萃取、Elite-5MS弹性石英毛细柱分离、GC-ECD测定了土壤中17种有机氯农药残留量.方法的检出限为0.4×10-10～2.0×10-10 g,回收率范围在76.0%～108.9%之间,相对标准偏差为0.66%～9.10%.该方法适用于土壤有机氯农药残留量的分析.     

茶叶中多元素的微波消解等离子体发射光谱法测定

采用密闭式微波消解系统处理茶叶样品,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定茶叶样品中铜、铁、锌、锰、钡和铝6种元素.分别从消解液的选择、用酸量及样品消解量等方面进行消解条件的优化,对测定钡、铝元素存在的干扰进行了讨论.各元素的检出限范围为0.15～0.65μg·g-1,回收率为98.6%～106%,精密度为0.8%～5.3%...     

固体表面荧光法测定吸附于白骨壤和木榄叶片上的蒽

以新鲜白骨壤和木榄叶片为基质,建立了直接测定吸附于叶片表面蒽(An)的固体表面荧光分析法(SSF).考察了白骨壤和木榄叶片上An的吸附量随An暴露浓度、暴露时间等因素的变化情况.方法测定吸附于白骨壤叶片上An的线性范围为0.92～8.71μg/g检出限为5.77 ng/g,加标回收率为79.2%～85.9%;测定吸附于木榄叶片上An的线性范围为89.5～698.2 ng/g,检出限为1.79 ng/g,加标回收率为75.1%～102.3%;对于两种叶片,方法的相对标准偏差都小于10%.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法间接测定痕量碘的研究

提出了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法间接测定痕量碘的新方法,在弱酸性介质中,以Ⅰ--[Cd(Phen)3]2 -硝基苯为萃取体系,经0.24 mol/L的HCl反萃取后,用原子荧光光谱法测定镉量,从而间接测定碘.方法的线性范围为0～20 μg/L;相对标准偏差为8.5%;检出限为0.8 μg/L;回收率为74.63%～90.80%.方法已用于测定自来水中的碘量.     

抗坏血酸作基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测水中铷

提出了以抗坏血酸作基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定水中铷的新方法.本法特征量为4.6pg Rb,检出限(3s)为 0.27μg·L~(-1)样品加标回收率为95%～110%.方法简便、快速、结果准确可靠.     

高效液相色谱法测定农药中间体氯代苯并噻唑

提出了以2-巯基苯并噻唑(SBT)为原料合成农药中间体2-氯代苯并噻唑(CBT)的高效液相色谱分析方法,对原料和产物分别进行了定量分析.在10.0～50.0 mg·L1范围内,峰面积与进样量呈线性关系,SBT和CBT相对标准偏差分别为1.29%,0.67%,平均加标回收率分别在88.9%～104.0%,88.0%～106.0%之间,检出限分别为0.01,0.005 mg·L-1.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定城市脐橙树叶中铅

研究氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定城市脐橙树叶中铅的适宜条件,并对脐橙树叶中铅量进行了测定.研究表明:叶中的含铅量与车流量呈正相关.方法的线性范围为0.00～1.50 mg·L-1,相关系数为0.997 8,检出限为0.19μg·L-1,回收率在93.2%～105.0%之间.     

金矿地下水中砷、汞的连续测定

研究了氢化物原子荧光光谱法[1～4]连续测定金矿地下水中As和Hg的分析方法.选择了仪器的最佳工作条件,着重考察了金矿地下水中的常见元素对测定的干扰情况,并给出了干扰元素的允许存在量,方法加标回收率95.0%～107.9%.检出限分别达到:As为0.3 μg/L,Hg为0.1 μg/L.     

韭菜中吡虫啉和啶虫脒残留的微波处理-逆固相分散法净化及液相色谱检测

建立了韭菜中两种烟碱类农药吡虫啉和啶虫脒残留的快速检测方法.韭菜样本用微波炉加热处理,使酶钝化消除含硫基质干扰,然后用乙腈提取、逆固相分散净化,用反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器检测.在0.05～2.0 mg/kg添加水平范围内,吡虫啉的平均添加回收率在95.2%～105.3%之间;相对标准偏差在0.8%～7.8%之间;啶虫脒的平均添加回收率在97.4%～108.8%之间;相对标准偏差在1.3%～8.3%之间.本方法对吡虫啉的检出限(LOD)为0.0078 mg/kg,定量检出限(LOQ)为0.026 mg/kg;对啶虫脒的检出限为0.0075 mg/kg,定量检出限为0.025 mg/kg.     

表面解吸常压化学电离质谱法直接测定火锅底料中的痕量可卡因

采用表面解吸常压化学电离(SDAPCI)质谱法, 在无需样品预处理情况下, 直接测定了火锅底料中可卡因的含量. 采用取样针取样, 单次取样量在纳升级, 单个样品测定时间少于0.5 min, 回收率为92.9%～106.6%; 相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.7%～11.6%; 可卡因的检出限可达1.5×10-12 g/mL. 该方法适用于批量火锅底料等食品类样品的快速半定量检测.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.     

NiY分子筛表面酸性影响其选择性吸附脱硫性能的机理研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以噻吩、环己烯和苯为模型探针分子,分别考察单一烃分子在NiY分子筛上的吸附与反应行为以及噻吩与烯烃、芳烃间的竞争吸附和催化反应行为。单一探针分子吸附研究发现,NiY分子筛中与Ni物种相关的Lewis(L)酸位是噻吩的选择性吸附活性位;噻吩和环己烯在NiY分子筛中Brnsted(B)酸位上发生的质子化和低聚反应明显弱于HY分子筛。双探针分子竞争吸附研究发现,环己烯二聚体在NiY中强B酸位上的强化学吸附与噻吩存在显著的竞争吸附行为。另外,苯和噻吩在NiY上的竞争吸附现象在373K时明显减弱。由此,在选择性吸附脱硫过程中,减少吸附剂表面B酸中心可降低烯烃对噻吩的竞争吸附,另外适当提高吸附体系的温度可以有效避免芳烃对噻吩的竞争吸附。