Adsorption effects in light-induced drift

We describe the effect of light-induced drift, while allowing for adsorption of the active atoms on the wall of the cell. Assuming a rapid rate of adsorption and desorption, we express this effect by a modification of the diffusion equation for the volume density in the boundary layer near the wall. Explicit solutions are discussed in opposite special cases, corresponding to a large or a small mean free path of the active atoms.     

Anomalous light-induced drift of linear molecules

The sudden approximation in energy is used to derive analytic formulas that describe the anomalous light-induced drift (LID) of linear molecules absorbing radiation in the rovibrational transition nJ _i −mJ _f (n and m are the ground and excited vibrational states, and J _α is the rotational quantum number in the vibrational state α=m, n). It is shown that for all linear molecules with moderate values B≲1 cm⁻¹ of the rotational constant, anomalous LID can always by observed under the proper experimental conditions; temperature T, rotational quantum number J _i , and type of transition (P or R). The parameter γ=B[J _i (J _i +1)−J _f (J _f +1)] ν _n /2k _BT (ν _m −ν _n ) is used to derive a condition for observing anomalous LID: γ∼1 (k _B is the Boltzmann constant and ν _α is the transport rate of collisions of molecules in the vibrational state α and buffer particles at moderate molecular velocities , where is the most probable velocity of the buffer particles). For ν _m >ν _n anomalous LID can be observed only in P-transitions, while for ν _m <ν _n it can be observed only in R-transitions. It is shown that anomalous LID is possible for all ratios β=M _b /M of the masses of the buffer particles (M _b ) and of the resonant particles (M) and any absorption-line broadening (Doppler or homogeneous). The optimum conditions for observing anomalous LID are realized when the absorption line is Doppler-broadened in an atmosphere of medium-weight (β∼1) and heavy (β≫1) buffer particles. In this case, anomalous LID can be observed in the same transition within a broad temperature interval ΔT∼T. If the buffer particles are light (β≪1) or if the broadening of the absorption line is homogeneous, anomalous LID in the same transition can be observed only within a narrow temperature range ΔT≪T. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 115, 1664–1679 (May 1999)     

激发光线宽对原子光致漂移速率的影响

在光致漂移效应的研究中,激发光线宽会改变原子激发的速度选择性,进而影响漂移速率的大小.本文以原子光致漂移速率方程理论为基础,利用强碰撞模型描述原子与缓冲气体的碰撞作用,运用数值方法对速率方程进行求解计算,研究了激发光线宽对原子漂移速率的影响.研究结果表明,其他条件相同时,随着线宽的增大,漂移速率的值呈现先增大后减小的趋势.存在一个最佳的激发光线宽,使得原子的漂移速率达到最大值.最佳线宽与激发光功率密度、温度和缓冲气体压强有关.为了获得最佳的光致漂移效果,激发光应工作在最佳线宽条件下.当激发光线宽在最佳线宽附近波动时,设置激发光线宽略大于最佳线宽可减少线宽波动对漂移速率的影响,对获得较大漂移速率更为有利.     

Influence of a magnetic field on the light-induced ion drift

It is shown that the velocity component transverse to the radiation propagation direction can arise in the light-induced ion drift (LIID) after applying an external magnetic field to a weakly ionized gas. It is predicted that the projection of the ion drift velocity onto the radiation direction changes its sign with an increase in the magnetic field, resulting in the anomalous LIID.     

Theory of light-induced drift of a binary gas mixture in a capillary

The drift of a binary gas mixture in capillaries induced by resonant light is studied theoretically. The surface and bulk mechanisms of flow of the mixture components are analyzed for arbitrary values of the Knudsen number and the rate parameter (the ratio of the radiative decay rate of an excited molecular level to the intermolecular collision rate). Finally, the theoretical results are compared with the experimental data. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 1709–1722 (November 1998)     

Anomalous light-induced drift of lithium atoms in a mixture of noble gases

This paper is a theoretical study of the spectral features of the velocity of light-induced drift (LID) of lithium atoms (⁷Li and ⁶Li) in a binary mixture of noble gases: Ne + Ar, Ne + Kr, and Ne + Xe. The spectral shape of the LID signal is predicted to depend strongly on the fraction ξ of neon in the buffer mixture in the range ξ≈0.8–0.9 (ξ=N _Ne/N _b, where N _Ne is the neon concentration, and N _b is the total concentration of the buffer particles). When the velocity of anomalous LID is treated as a function of the radiation frequency, it is found to have one, three, five, or seven zeros and to differ substantially from the dispersion-curve-like behavior with one zero predicted by the standard LID theory with velocity-independent transport collision rates. The reason for these additional zeros of the drift velocity is the alternating-sign dependence on the lithium-atom velocity of the relative difference of transport rates of collisions between buffer particles and excited and unexcited atoms. What is also established is that the anomalous LID of lithium atoms can be observed at almost all temperatures, depending on the value of ξ. At a fixed temperature, anomalous LID can be observed only in a narrow range of values of the fraction of neon in the buffer mixture, Δξ≈0.02. The results make possible highly precise testing in the LID experiments of the interatomic potentials used in calculations of the velocity spectrum of anomalous LID. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 116, 1587–1600 (November 1999)     

Concentration of lithium vapor in a high-temperature sapphire capillary based on light-induced drift

The accumulation of atomic lithium vapor in a sapphire capillary based on light-induced drift is experimentally investigated. To suppress lithium adsorption on the walls of the capillary and prolong the life of the atomic state, the capillary was heated to high temperatures. The phenomenon of an “optical piston” was observed, indicating a high degree of concentration of atomic lithium vapor. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical ideas, and they suggest that heated cells hold some promise for efficient isotope separation and the detection of atomic micro-impurities. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 1162–1170 (October 1998)     

Observation of light-induced anisotropy in ferric borate by acoustic resonance

A light-induced anisotropy of two-fold symmetry in the magnetically easy c-plane has been observed at 77 K in c-plane platelets of FeBO₃ using the method of acoustic resonance. The anisotropy field is shown to be negative (positive) in the direction of the net magnetization during illumination in those samples for which the susceptibility increases (decreases) with light.     

Observation of a light-induced nonohmic current in a toroidal-moment-possessing nanostructure

We report on the first observation of light-induced nonohmic current in a semiconductor nanostructure. The effect is revealed in an unbiased asymmetric InAs quantum well under excitation by far-infrared laser radiation in the presence of a tilted magnetic field. It is interpreted in terms of a nonzero toroidal moment of a two-dimensional electron gas.     

光诱导下系列钴配合物的表面电子行为对比研究

通过水热方法合成了6种Co(Ⅱ/Ⅲ)配合物Co(H2O)6·H2btec(1);{[Co2(HCOO)6]·CH3OH}n(2);([Co(4,4'-bipy)2(H2O)4]·suc·4H2O}n(3);Co(NA)2(H2O)4(4);[Co(mal)(4,4'-bipy)H2O]n(5);[Co(HCOO)4Co(H2O)4]n(6)(H4btec=均苯四甲酸,H2suc=丁二酸,HNA=娴酸,H2mal=丙二酸,bipy=联吡啶)},测试了配合物的UV-Vis吸收光游和表面光电压光谱(SPS),并通过X-ray单晶衍射确定了配合物的结构.它们的表面光电压光谱在300～800 nm范围内均表现出正的光伏响应,并将其与UV-Vis吸收光谱进行了分析和对比,发现SPS中表面光伏响应带与UV-Vis吸收光谱的吸收峰具有良好的对应关系.通过对比6种配合物的SPS可以看出,中心金属离子的价态、配位模式及配位微环境均对SPS响应带的位置和形状有一定影响.     

Scanning of a laser beam and purification of materials through the use of light-induced particle drift in semiconductors

The light-induced drift of electrons, light-absorbing impurities, and defects in II-VI semiconductors is investigated experimentally, along with some potential practical applications of the phenomenon. It is shown that the light-induced drift of electrons induces a very pronounced change in the refractive index, |Δn|∼0.01, and can be used to implement effective scanning of nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses through frustration of total internal reflection. The light-induced drift of absorbing particles increases their density in the surface layer of the crystals, and this effect can be exploited in semiconductor technology. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 121–124 (April 1998)     

Spectral anomalies of the light-induced drift of rubidium atoms caused by the velocity dependence of transport collision frequencies

The spectral features of the light-induced drift (LID) velocity for rubidium atoms (⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb) in an argon buffer medium and in binary buffer mixtures of noble gases (Ne + Ar, Ne + Kr, Ne + Xe, He + Ar, He + Kr, and He + Xe) have been investigated theoretically. A strong temperature dependence of the spectral shape of the LID signal for Rb atoms in an Ar atmosphere is predicted in the temperature range 450 K < T < 800 K. It is shown that the anomalous LID of Rb atoms in binary buffer mixtures of noble gases can be observed at almost any temperature (including the room one) depending on the fractions of neon or helium in these mixtures. The results obtained enable a highly accurate testing of the interatomic interaction potentials used to calculate the drift velocity for anomalous LID in LID experiments.     

Observation of discrete surface solitons

We report the first observation of discrete optical surface solitons at the interface between a nonlinear self-focusing waveguide lattice and a continuous medium. The effect of power on the localization process of these optical self-trapped states at the edge of an AlGaAs waveguide array is investigated in detail. Our experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.     

Observation of two-dimensional surface solitons

We report the first experimental observation of two-dimensional surface solitons at the boundaries (edges or corners) of a finite optically induced photonic lattice. Both in-phase and gap nonlinear surface self-trapped states were observed under single-site excitation conditions. Our experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.     

Observation of solitary elastic surface pulses

The formation of solitary elastic surface pulses from laser-generated pulselike initial conditions is reported. The nonlinearity of the medium is compensated by both normal dispersion and anomalous dispersion, which were realized by coating isotropic fused silica by a metal and titanium nitride film, respectively. As an anisotropic material, silicon covered with an oxide layer was studied. The experimental results agree with numerical simulations carried out with a nonlocal evolution equation, which describes nonlinear propagation of surface acoustic waves in a dispersive medium.     

Cold-atom physics using ultrathin optical fibers: light-induced dipole forces and surface interactions

The strong evanescent field around ultrathin unclad optical fibers bears a high potential for detecting, trapping, and manipulating cold atoms. Introducing such a fiber into a cold-atom cloud, we investigate the interaction of a small number of cold cesium atoms with the guided fiber mode and with the fiber surface. Using high resolution spectroscopy, we observe and analyze light-induced dipole forces, van der Waals interaction, and a significant enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of the atoms. The latter can be assigned to the modification of the vacuum modes by the fiber.