Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

基于前后向迭代法的3维标量激光漫反射特性

针对激光点对点通信方式的不足,提出了利用海面作为激光漫反射媒介进行组网通信的设想,并对激光入射理想导体表面后产生的散射场进行了的研究。首先利用3维标量锥形波对入射激光束进行了模拟;然后列出了积分方程,并根据矩量法进行了离散;最后通过前后向迭代法求解矩阵方程,得出了3维散射系数,准确地表示了基于理想导体界面的3维标量激光漫反射特性。     

基于前后向迭代法的3维标量激光漫反射特性

 针对激光点对点通信方式的不足,提出了利用海面作为激光漫反射媒介进行组网通信的设想,并对激光入射理想导体表面后产生的散射场进行了的研究。首先利用3维标量锥形波对入射激光束进行了模拟;然后列出了积分方程,并根据矩量法进行了离散;最后通过前后向迭代法求解矩阵方程,得出了3维散射系数,准确地表示了基于理想导体界面的3维标量激光漫反射特性。     

一种新的激光车辙深度测量方法研究

车辙深度测量通常使用共梁式多路激光测距传感器测量路面多个离散点,由多个测量点组成的断面信息计算车辙深度,因横向采样点间距宽,导致测量误差较大。提出了一种新的激光车辙深度测量方法,采用线激光器和三维(3D)相机组合集成测量路面3D断面,通过3D断面解算车辙深度。3D相机以一定夹角采集激光器投射在路面的线结构光图像,获取路面的3D断面数据,对断面数据通过拉依达准则进行异常值剔除,再进行旋转、平移和模型识别,最终计算路面左右轮迹和最大车辙深度。实际证明,数据重复性和相关性都达到98%以上,与传统方法相比较,该方法采样间距小、测量精度高、成本低、通用性强,具有广阔的使用推广价值。     

Single Ultrashort Attosecond Pulse Generation via Combination of Chirped Fundamental Laser and an Ultraviolet Controlling Pulse

We theoretically study the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from a hydrogen atom in an intense few-cycle chirped fundamental laser in combination with an ultraviolet (uv) controlling pulse.The high-order harmonic spectrum is calculated by solving the time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation using the split-operator method.In our calculation,we present the difference of the high-order harmonic spectrum from one-dimensional (1D) model hydrogen atom and three-dimensional (3D) real hydrogen atom.We found that the plateau of the high-order harmonic generation from the 1D case and 3D case are all extended effectively to I p + 35U p due to the presence of the chirped laser pulse and the HHG supercontinuum spectrum is generated by adding an ultraviolet controlling pulse at a proper time,but the efficiency of the HHG for 3D case is more higher at the near cut-off region than the 1D case.Therefore,the generation of the attosecond pulse by synthesizing the harmonics near cut-off region have some slight differences between 1D and 3D simulations.As a real 3D case study,we show that an isolated 18 as pulse with a bandwidth of 232.5 eV is generated directly by optmizing the combination laser fields.     

Development of three-dimensional microfabrication method using thermo-sensitive resin

We have developed a three-dimensional microfabrication method using thermo-sensitive resin. This method exploits the fact that polymerization of thermo-sensitive resins does not obey the law of linear superposition. Three-dimensional (3D) objects are created inside the thermo-sensitive resin by 3D scanning of the volume with a focused laser. Fabrication with the focus of the laser inside the resin can achieve good accuracy and high resolution of the structure. A fabrication system, which consisted of a CD-R pick-up laser and an XYZ stage, was built. Nonlinear polymerizations of the thermo-sensitive resin were verified by fabrication in various conditions of laser intensity and exposure time. In order to demonstrate the present method, a simple 3D microstructure was fabricated inside the resin. PACS 42.62.Cf; 42.70.Jk; 42.82.Cr     

Using Laser Measuring and SFM Algorithm for Fast 3D Reconstruction of Objects

Effective measurement of the reflective or transparent surface of an object has always been a disadvantage in laser scanning modeling. We propose a fast and complete three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method for small static objects using laser scanning and the structure from motion (SFM) algorithm. Meanwhile, a complete reconstruction workflow is designed and a multi-angle 3d reconstruction system is set up. To generate the complete point cloud model of the object, the SFM algorithm is used to reconstruct the surface part of the object, the data for which cannot be obtained by the laser measuring instrument. The experimental results show that this method not only improves the speed, accuracy, integrity, and visual effect of 3D reconstruction of small objects, but also extends the scope of 3D reconstruction of laser measurement.     

激光聚变中的科学计算

科学计算在激光聚变研究中发挥着重要的作用.经过长期的努力,中国已形成了以LARED系列程序为核心的分段模拟激光聚变主要环节和关键问题的二维数值模拟能力.文章首先介绍了激光聚变的主要物理过程、主要物理过程的特征以及对科学计算的要求.其次,介绍了LARED系列程序的主要功能以及在激光聚变物理研究中的应用,介绍了正在研制和发展的模拟激光聚变全过程的新一代高性能并行应用程序的思路.最后,介绍了激光聚变科学计算中面临的一些挑战性问题.     

Three-dimensional printing of conducting polymer microstructures into transparent polymer sheet: Relationship between process resolution and illumination conditions

Three-dimensional (3D) polypyrrole microstructures were successfully obtained in a transparent polymer sheet by 3D scanning of the laser focal point. The lateral process resolution of the microstructures was studied under different photofabrication conditions such as the repetition rate of the femtosecond pulse laser and the waiting time of the laser focal point scanning. As a result, a very small line width of the polypyrrole deposition of less than 500 nm was realized with good reproducibility.     

Fabrication of 3D microfluidic structures inside glass by femtosecond laser micromachining

Femtosecond lasers have opened up new avenues in materials processing due to their unique characteristics of ultrashort pulse widths and extremely high peak intensities. One of the most important features of femtosecond laser processing is that a femtosecond laser beam can induce strong absorption in even transparent materials due to nonlinear multiphoton absorption. This makes it possible to directly create three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic structures in glass that are of great use for fabrication of biochips. For fabrication of the 3D microfluidic structures, two technical approaches are being attempted. One of them employs femtosecond laser-induced internal modification of glass followed by wet chemical etching using an acid solution (Femtosecond laser-assisted wet chemical etching), while the other one performs femtosecond laser 3D ablation of the glass in distilled water (liquid-assisted femtosecond laser drilling). This paper provides a review on these two techniques for fabrication of 3D micro and nanofluidic structures in glass based on our development and experimental results.     

条纹相机测量中的光束取样

从实验上探讨了用条纹相机测量大口径高功率固体激光束的脉冲波形时,取样光斑的大小对波形的精细结构与脉宽的影响。     

3D raman sideband cooling of cesium atoms at high density

We laser cool 5x10(7) Cs atoms to a spin-polarized phase space density of 1/30, the highest ever obtained by laser cooling. It is achieved by compression and polarization gradient cooling in a 3D far-off-resonant optical lattice, followed by 3D Raman sideband cooling optimized at a density of 1.5x10(12) atoms/cm(3), and adiabatic release. In the lattice, 23% of the sites are occupied, 95% of the atoms are in the lowest energy magnetic sublevel, and 37% are in the lowest 3D vibrational state.     

Study of laser carving three-dimensional structures on ceramics: Quality controlling and mechanisms

Three-dimensional (3D) laser carving is a new, very flexible process and is very useful for machining the hard and/or brittle materials such as ceramics, carbide and hardened steel with high precision, excellent productivity and surface quality. In this paper, the effects of laser processing parameters on single-layer carving depth and surface quality are analyzed by laser carving on an Al₂O₃ ceramic with different processing parameters. The mechanisms of laser carving are also studied. A mathematical model of the relationship between the laser processing parameters and the laser carving depth is established, which is useful in obtaining the best machining parameters with the shortest time. Finally, a 3D pattern is successfully carved using the optimum parameters.     

非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的紫外激光刻蚀工艺

为提高电池的光电转换效率,通过改善激光刻蚀工艺,采用355 nm紫外纳秒激光分别进行了ZnO：Al薄膜（AZO）刻蚀（P1）、非晶硅薄膜（-Si）刻蚀（P2）和背电极刻蚀（P3）研究。采用万用表测量P1隔离电阻,采用电子扫描显微镜（SEM）和三维激光扫描仪测量刻槽的微结构和三维成像,激光拉曼散射光谱检测非晶硅薄膜刻蚀边缘的晶化。实验结果表明,当刻蚀速度600 mm/s,重复频率40 kHz,功率1.74 W的紫外激光刻蚀ZnO：Al薄膜时,刻槽的隔离效果最佳,达20 M; 紫外激光刻蚀能够有效地减小激光热效应引起的热影响和刻槽边缘的晶化范围,提高非晶硅薄膜电池的性能。     

激光水下三维成像技术及进展

主要介绍现任中激光水下三维成像新主邓纹影管激光雷达三维成像以及采用三角法和激光雷达的相关技术三维成像。     

机载激光3D探测成像系统的发展现状

机载激光3D探测成像是通过激光主动成像产生目标的角-角-距、角-角-速度3D图像的一种新的探测成像技术.本文重点阐述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的原理、功能和系统的组成.介绍了该系统在军事和民用两大领域的应用,详细地讨论了近几年机载激光3D探测成像技术的国内外发展现状及动态,总结了该项技术的发展方向.认为国外的机载激光3...     

Rb(5D_J)+H_2→RbH+H反应截面的测定

利用激光泵浦一吸收技术,研究了在样品池中(T=385 K,H2气压400 Pa)的Rb(5DJ)+H2→RbH+H[x1∑+(υ"=0)]+H光化学反应过程.双光子激发Rb-H2混合蒸气中Rb原子至52D态,荧光中除有泵浦能级发生的直接荧光外,还包含由精细结构碰撞转移产生的敏化荧光,RbH分子是由5D原子与H2间的三体碰撞反应产生的.利用852 nm激光扫描RbH X1∑+(υ"=0→υ'=17)吸收带,△I'和△I"分别表示泵浦5D3/2和5D5/2时的吸收光强.泵浦室温下的纯Rb蒸气至5D3/2或5D5/2态,由于在低密度下52D精细结构混合可略去,故由5D3/2→5P1/2与5D5/2→5P3/2的荧光比得到泵浦率比.解速率方程组,得到5D3/2→5D5/2和5D→5D以外态的碰撞转移截面分别是9.8×10-16和2.0×10-16cm2,Rb(5DJ)+H2→RbH+H的反应截面分别是5.4×10-17(J=3/2)和2.3×10-17cm2(J=5/2),5D3/2与H2的反应活动性大于5D5/2,这与其他实验结果是一致的.     

3D laser-forming strategies for sheet metal by geometrical information

Forming sheet metal by laser-induced thermal stress (laser forming) is considered to offer great potential for rapid prototyping and flexible manufacturing. Accordingly, many studies have been carried out in different areas of laser forming. However, in order to apply the laser-forming process to real 3D products, a method that encompasses the whole process planning is required, including the laser irradiation patterns, laser power, and travel speed, when the target shape is given. In this work, a new method for 3D laser forming of sheet metal is proposed. This method uses geometrical information rather than a complicated stress–strain analysis. Using this new method the total calculation time is reduced considerably while affording strong potential for enhanced accuracy. Two different target shapes were formed by laser irradiation with the proposed procedure to validate the algorithm.     

Titanium and aluminum nitride synthesis via layer by layer LA-CVD

The possibility of the layer-by-layer synthesis of 3D parts from nitrides of titanium or aluminum by selective laser sintering/melting is discussed. The relationship between laser processing parameters and structure and phase content of sintered/melted samples are studied by means of optical metallography, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Optimal parameters of SLM process for AlN and TiN synthesis are determined. Solid 3D parts containing a TiN phase are produced from Ti powder. Distortion of the crystalline lattice of AlN and TiN phases is observed with the laser energy input.     

3D laser scanner system using high dynamic range imaging

Because of its high measuring speed, moderate accuracy, low cost and robustness in the industrial field, 3D laser scanning has been widely used in a variety of applications. However, the measurement of a 3D profile of a high dynamic range (HDR) brightness surface such as a partially highlighted object or a partial specular reflection remains one of the most challenging problems. This difficulty has limited the adoption of such scanner systems. In this paper, an optical imaging system based on a high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) device and an image sensor (CCD or CMOS) was built to adjust the image's brightness pixel by pixel as required. The radiance value of the image captured by the image sensor is constrained to lie within the dynamic range of the sensor after an adaptive algorithm of pixel mapping between the LCoS mask plane and image plane through the HDR imaging system is added. Thus, an HDR image was reconstructed by the LCoS mask and the CCD image on this system. The significant difference between the proposed system and a traditional 3D laser scanner system is that the HDR image was used to calibrate and calculate the 3D profile coordinate. Experimental results show that HDR imaging can enhance 3D laser scanner system environmental adaptability and improve the accuracy of 3D profile measurement.