Identification and Kinetics Study on the Transformation of Mevinolin in Acidic Alcohol Solution by High-performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector or Mass Spectrometry

IntroductionIncreased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides areknown to be the risk factors for developing coronary ar-tery disease. Lipid lowering agents that inhibit theHMG coenzyme A( HMG-CoA) reductase are nowprominent among the drugs for treating h…     

高效液相色谱-紫外法快速测定塑料类食品接触材料及制品中7种对苯二甲酸酯或苯甲酸酯的特定迁移量

建立了高效液相色谱-紫外检测（HPLC-UV）法快速测定从塑料类食品接触材料及制品迁移至10%（v/v）乙醇、3%（m/v,即3 g/100 mL）乙酸、4%（v/v）乙酸、20%（v/v）乙醇、50%（v/v）乙醇、95%（v/v）乙醇和橄榄油7种食品模拟物中对苯二甲酸二甲酯、对苯二甲酸二辛酯、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸丁酯和新戊二醇二苯甲酸酯的特定迁移量。考察了多种提取溶剂、QuEChERS dSPE EMR-Lipid试剂盒和Captiva EMR-Lipid试剂盒对橄榄油食品模拟物中7种对苯二甲酸酯或苯甲酸酯的提取或净化效果。以甲醇和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,7种对苯二甲酸酯或苯甲酸酯在苯基柱上于17 min内达到基线分离。检测波长为237 nm,进样量为10 μL。7种对苯二甲酸酯或苯甲酸酯在7种食品模拟物中的定量限为0.2~8.1 mg/kg、1~80 mg/L或8~160 mg/kg,相关系数r≥0.9998。在2或8、60、80或160 mg/kg 3个加标水平的回收率为91.7%~106%,相对标准偏差为0.1%~3.1%。该方法样品前处理简便,色谱分离和线性关系好,回收率和重复性较好,已应用于实际样品的检测。     

利用在线加压溶剂提取-超高效液相色谱-离子肼-飞行时间-质谱法直接分析中药草苁蓉的化学成分组

构建了在线加压溶剂提取-超高效液相色谱-离子肼-飞行时间质谱（online PLE-UHPLC-IT-TOF-MS）系统,并将其应用于草苁蓉化学组的快速、直接分析。将微量草苁蓉粉末（0.5 mg）置于空预柱芯中,空隙用正相硅胶填充,作为提取池;提取池置于预柱套内,将其放入柱温箱（70℃）,预柱套通过金属管线连接至UHPLC-IT-TOF-MS系统。通过引入一个二位六通阀将整个分析过程分为提取和洗脱两个阶段。以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水为溶剂,提取3 min。在洗脱阶段,以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水-0.1%（v/v）甲酸乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,将色谱柱前端所富集的提取物洗脱至IT-TOF-MS中进行检测。从草苁蓉中检测到48个化合物,结合对照品、文献、数据库以及质谱裂解规律,初步鉴定了其中的45个,包括10个苯乙醇苷类、14个环烯醚萜苷类以及21个苯丙醇苷类化合物。该研究为草苁蓉化学成分组成的阐明以及质量评价提供了可靠信息。同时,构建的online PLE-UHPLC-IT-TOF-MS系统为中药化学成分的快速、直接表征提供了有效方案。     

Determination of paeoniflorin, ferulic acid and baicalin in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Dang-Guei-San by high-performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of paeoniflorin, ferulic acid and baicalin in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Dang-Guei-San, which contains Paeoniae Radix, Swertiae Herba, Cnidii Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix, was established. The samples were separated with a Cosmosil 5C₁₈-AR column by gradient elution with 0.03% (v/v) phosphoric acid- acetonitrile (0 min 96:4, 5 min 84:16, 7 min 82:18, 14–30 min 78:22) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min, with detection at 245 nm. Methylparaben was used as the internal standard and three equations were derived showing linear relationships between the peak- area ratios of marker components (paeoniflorin, ferulic acid and baicalin) to methylparaben and concentration. The recoveries of paeoniflorin, ferulic acid and baicalin were 27.86, 33.89 and 49.31%, respectively. The repeatability (relative standard deviation) was generally less than 5% (n = 5). The effects of various processes such as concentration by reduced-pressure evaporation, freeze-drying and spray-drying were studied and commercial concentrated herbal preparations containing Paeoniae Radix, Swertiae Herba, Cnidii Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix were also analysed.     

Determination of chlorogenic acid in rat blood by microdialysis coupled with microbore liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetic studies

To investigate the pharmacokinetics of unbound chlorogenic acid, a sensitive microbore liquid chromatographic method for the determination of chlorogenic acid in rat blood by microdialysis has been developed. A microdialysis probe was inserted into the jugular vein of male Sprague–Dawley rats, to which chlorogenic acid (20, 40, 60 or 80 mg/kg, i.v.) had been administered. On-line microdialysate was directly injected into a microbore column using a methanol–100 mM sodium dihydrogenphosphate (30:70, v/v, pH 2.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) as the mobile phase and ultraviolet detection at 325 nm. The method is rapid, easily reproduced, selective and sensitive. The limit of detection for chlorogenic acid was 0.01 μg/ml and the limit of quantification was 0.05 μg/ml. The in vivo recovery of the chlorogenic acid of the microdialysis probe, based on a 5 μg/ml standard, was approximately 49–65% (n=6). The disposition of chlorogenic acid at each dose was best fitted to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The area under the concentration curve increased greater than in direct proportion with the dose and terminal disposition become much slower as the dose was increased. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetics of unbound chlorogenic acid in rat blood is non-linear.     

Ion-pair chromatography of polythionates and thiosulfate with detection based on their catalytic effects on the postcolumn azide–iodine reaction

The reduction of iodine with azide, catalyzed by polythionates (tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexathionate) and thiosulfate, has been utilized as a postcolumn reaction for chromatographic determination of these sulfur oxyanions. The method is based on the separation of polythionates and thiosulfate on an octadecylsilica column with an acetonitrile–water (20:80, v/v) mobile phase (pH 5.0) containing 3 mM tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and 6 mM acetic acid, followed by photometric measurement of the residual iodine (as triiodide) from the catalytic postcolumn azide–iodine reaction after mixing a reaction solution containing azide and iodine with the column effluent. Chromatograms obtained for the sulfur oxyanions showed negative peaks as a result of the decrease in absorbance of background. The conditions for the catalytic postcolumn reaction of the sulfur oxyanions in the column effluents were established by varying the concentrations of azide, iodine, iodide and acetic acid in the reaction solution, and varying the flow-rate, reaction temperature and length of the reaction tube. The detection limits (defined as S/N=3) were 4.3 μM for trithionate, 0.10 μM for tetrathionate, 2.7 nM for pentathionate, 5.0 nM for hexathionate and 1.1 nM for thiosulfate. When compared with earlier methods, the proposed method gave a much higher sensitivity for the determination of two polythionates (penta- and hexathionate) and thiosulfate. This method was applied successfully to the analysis of polythionates and thiosulfate added to hot-spring water samples.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道离子阱质谱法检测鱼肉中15种降血脂药

建立了QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道离子阱质谱测定鱼肉中15种降血脂药残留量的方法。样品前处理采用优化的QuEChERS法,通过响应面法优化了吸附剂材料乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）（20、60、100、140和180 mg）、C18（40、100、160、220和280 mg）及乙酸钠（0.2、0.6、1.0、1.4和1.8 g）的用量。液相色谱采用XBridge-C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液（含1.5 mmol/L乙酸铵）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用加热电喷雾电离（HESI）源,在正、负离子同时检测模式下以全扫描（full-MS）和二级质谱扫描（dd-MS²）方式对目标物进行定性和定量分析。15种降血脂药在各自范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R²）大于0.99;检出限（LOD,S/N=3）和定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）分别为0.2~1.0 μg/kg和0.3~3.1 μg/kg;鱼肉样品中15种降血脂药在LOQ、2倍LOQ和10倍LOQ水平下的加标回收率为76.4%~116.0%,日内日精密度为1.0%~7.9%,日间精密度为1.7%~18.4%。该法前处理简单,灵敏度高,回收率高,适用于鱼肉中降血脂药的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂的活性

建立了体外直接测定血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂活性的高效液相色谱分析方法。以马尿酰-组氨酰-亮氨酸为反应底物,血管紧张素转化酶为催化剂,反应所生成的马尿酸为测定指标,未加酶抑制剂的反应为空白对照。使用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm i.d.×150 mm,填料粒径5　μm),柱温25 ℃,流动相为乙腈-超纯水(体积比为25∶75,各含0.05%（体积分数）三氟乙酸及0.1%（体积分数）三乙胺),流速0.5 mL/min,检测波长228 nm。在马尿酸浓度为0.005～1.000 mmol/L时,马尿酸浓度与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r＝0.9999),最小检测限为0.50 μmol/L;该方法对马尿酸的回收率为99.48%～105.64%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.20%(n＝6)。该方法可适用于血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂活性的体外测定,具有操作简便、精密度和准确性高的特点,为降血压药物的研制提供了方便可靠的检测手段。     

Simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for 13-cis-retinoic acid in serum.

An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of 13-cis-retinoic acid in serum is developed. Sample preparation includes deproteination with acetonitrile-perchloric acid-acetic acid followed by centrifugation. 9-Methylanthracene is used as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation is achieved on a C18 column (Zorbax) using an acetonitrile-aqueous 0.5% acetic acid (85:15, v/v) eluent containing 0.05% (w/v) sodium hexanesulfonate. The limit of detection is 12 ng/ml in serum, using 0.5 ml samples. Quantitative recoveries and excellent intra-day and inter-day precision are reported.     

Determination of niobium(V) and tantalum(V) as 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol–citrate ternary complexes in geological materials by ion-interaction reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

A method for the simultaneous separation and determination of Nb(V) and Ta(V) as ternary complexes formed with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) and citrate was developed using ion-interaction reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C₁₈ column. Method parameters, such as pre-column complex formation conditions and composition of the complexes were investigated using spectrophotometry and HPLC. Under the optimum conditions, the Nb(V) and Ta(V) complexes were eluted within 12 min with a mobile phase of methanol–water (32:68, v/v) containing 5 mM acetate, 5 mM TBABr and 5 mM citrate buffer at pH 6.5, with detection at 540 nm. A typical separation efficiency was 33 000 and 20 000 theoretical plates per metre for Nb(V) and Ta(V), respectively. The relative standard deviation of retention times for the Nb(V) and Ta(V) complexes were 0.16% and 0.17% and for peak areas were 0.28% and 1.36%, respectively. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio=3) for Nb(V) and Ta(V) were 0.4 ppb and 1.4 ppb, respectively. Results obtained for standard reference rock samples agreed well with certified values and results obtained by inductively coupled plasma MS.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定饲料添加剂阿散酸中的阿散酸及掺假物质对氨基苯磺酸

建立了用于饲料添加剂阿散酸质量控制的反相高效液相色谱法。采用的色谱条件: Waters Bondapak C18柱(150 mm×4 mm, 5 μm)分离,以甲醇-水(用稀磷酸调节pH至2.9) (1:4, v/v)作流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为244 nm。在优化的色谱条件下,阿散酸和掺假物质对氨基苯磺酸在3 min内实现了基线分离。阿散酸和对氨基苯磺酸的线性范围均为5～200 mg/L,检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.20 mg/L和0.15 mg/L。该方法简便快速,适合饲料添加剂阿散酸的分析以及监测对氨基苯磺酸掺假。     

羟基封端聚丁二烯的临界点色谱定量方法研究

为建立混合物中羟基封端聚丁二烯（HTPB）的临界点色谱定量方法，以C18为固定相，考察了HTPB在四氢呋喃-乙腈和四氢呋喃-水两种流动相体系下的临界点色谱条件。结果表明，四氢呋喃-乙腈体积比为70.7：29.3以及四氢呋喃-水体积比为92：8时，HTPB的保留值与其相对分子质量无关。将该临界点色谱方法用于胶黏剂混合组分中HTPB的测定，结果表明，HTPB在46.7~216.4 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系，相关系数（r）>0.99，检出限为4.2 mg/L。自配HTPB和矿物油双组分样品的加标回收率为89.2%~101.1%，相对标准偏差小于0.66%（n=6）。应用该方法对市售聚氨酯胶黏剂进行检测，测定结果为HTPB成分占26.6%。该方法快速、准确，能满足聚合物混合产品的生产质量控制和失效分析的要求。     

在线固相萃取/净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定番茄、大米和圆白菜中8种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了在线固相萃取/净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(online SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定番茄、大米和圆白菜中8种氨基甲酸酯类农药的分析方法。将番茄5.0 g(不加水)、圆白菜和大米各2.0 g(各加3 mL水),以1000 r/min旋涡1 min,加入2 g氯化钠和10 mL 0.5%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液,旋涡均匀后离心,上清液氮吹后用10%(v/v)乙腈水溶液复溶,复溶液使用CAPCELL PAK C₁₈净化柱(50 mm×2.0 mm, 15 μm)进行在线净化,当流动相0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和乙腈的体积比分别为90∶10和35∶65时,可实现氨基甲酸酯农药的吸附和洗脱。以ACQUITY UPLC CSH C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)为分析柱,实现8种氨基甲酸酯类农药的分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在12.0 min内即可完成分析。在优化条件下,8种氨基甲酸酯类农药在各自线性范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.995, LOD和LOQ分别为0.01~0.3 ng/mL和0.05~1.0 ng/mL;在3个加标水平下,8种氨基甲酸酯类农药的加标回收率为73.76%~112.32%,相对标准偏差为1.28%~13.14%(n=6)。通过在线净化的方式,大大提高了前处理效率,只需12 min即可完成净化上样,不需氮吹复溶等步骤,提高了处理效率。该法回收率高,重复性好,具有准确、快速、灵敏、环保等优点,可用于植物性食品中8种氨基甲酸酯类农药的检测。     

Determination of lipid oxidation level in broiler meat by liquid chromatography

An assay was conducted for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in broiler meat. The method involves extraction of tissues with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and reaction of the TCA extract with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). After separation of the MDA-DNPH complex using a solid-phase extraction C18 column, samples were eluted with 1 mL acetonitrile. Aliquots of 20 microL acetonitrile were analyzed by liquid chromatography on reversed-phase C18 column (3 microm) with UV detection. The products were eluted isocratically with the mobile phase containing acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (39 + 61 + 0.2, v/v/v). The retention time for MDA-DNPH was 6.5 min, and the detection limit was 3.5 microg/kg. Two extraction methods (cold and hot) were also used in the study. The results showed that hot extraction increased results about 55.8% and recovery from samples spiked with 116.6 microg/kg was lower (74.6%) in comparison with cold extraction (94.7%).     

基于特征肽的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测矛头蝮蛇蛇毒种属来源及类凝血酶含量

蛇毒血凝酶类药物是以蝮蛇蛇毒为原料制备的止血药,主要活性成分为蛇毒类凝血酶(svTLEs)。不同蛇种来源的svTLEs结构不同,止血机制不同,药理作用也存在差异,因此准确鉴别蛇毒种属来源和svTLEs含量对于保障该类产品的质量至关重要。研究基于蛋白质组学技术,筛选出了具有种属特异性的矛头蝮蛇svTLE特征肽,并建立了基于特征肽的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)检测矛头蝮蛇蛇毒种属来源及类凝血酶含量的方法。采用胰蛋白酶对纯化的矛头蝮蛇svTLE进行酶解,利用纳升液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(Nano LC-Q-Exactive-MS)和Proteome Discoverer 2.2软件分别进行多肽的检测和鉴定,通过BLAST搜索与Uniprot数据库对比分析,筛选出具有种属特异性的矛头蝮蛇svTLEs特征肽“EAYNGLPAK”。针对该特征肽对酶解温度、酶解时间和酶用量等样品前处理方法进行了优化,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱,以m/z 481.9>315.2和481.9>485.2作为检测离子对,采用ESI⁺模式进行了多反应...     

四氮杂杯[2]芳烃[2]三嗪键合硅胶固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定河水中硝基苯酚和己烯雌酚

基于四氮杂杯[2]芳烃[2]三嗪键合硅胶吸附剂（NC-Si）,构建了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定河水中3种硝基苯酚和己烯雌酚的新方法。考察并获得了固相萃取和液相色谱分离的优化条件：将样品溶液pH调至5,以5 mL/min上样,经自制固相萃取柱净化,2 mL氨水-甲醇（2：98,v/v）洗脱;在C8柱上以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。4种目标分析物的检出限（LOD,S/N=3）为0.03~0.3 μg/L,定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）为0.1~1.0 μg/L;加标回收率为75.5%~104.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=5）小于6.3%。该方法准确、可靠,可用于河水中硝基苯酚及己烯雌酚的灵敏检测。     

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 18 alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid and 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and determination of 18 alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid and 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid has been developed. Indomethacin was used as an internal standard. The drugs were separated on a reversed-phase column and detected by UV detection at a wavelength of 254 nm. Methanol-water-perchloric acid-ammonia (80:20:0.4:0.4, v/v) was used as the mobile phase at pH of 7.0-7.5. The detection limit of both compounds was 0.1 microgram/ml in rat plasma. The method was applied to pharmacokinetic studies of glycyrrhetinic acids in rats. The results suggest that the pharmacokinetics appeared to be non-linear in nature.     

Separation and purification of verticine and verticinone from Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii by high-speed counter-current chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was successfully applied to preparative separation and purification of verticine and verticinone from crude extracts of Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii by a one-step separation, using chloroform–ethanol–0.2 mol L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid (3:2:2, v/v/v) as a solvent system. HPLC analysis of the fractions collected on the preparative HSCCC of 200 mg of crude extracts showed that the purity of verticine (25.6 mg) was 96.8% and that of verticinone (10.3 mg) was 95.4%. The chemical identities of these components were confirmed by ¹H NMR and EI–MS.     

Multiresidue determination of eleven quinolones in milk by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed for simultaneous determination of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, oxolinic acid, and flumequine in milk The samples were extracted with 10% trichloroacetic acid/acetonitrile (9 + 1, v/v) and cleaned by Strata-X reversed-phase solid-phase extraction cartridges. The 11 quinolones were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column (Hypersil BDS-C18) with mobile phase gradient elution and detected with fluorescence by means of a wavelength program. The recoveries for milk fortified with the 11 quinolones at 3 levels were 69-88% with acceptable relative standard deviations of <9% (intraday) and <14% (interday). The limits of detection were 23 microg/L for enrofloxacin, and 1-9 microg/L for the other 10 quinolones.     

Determination of xanthenone-4-acetic acid in mouse plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Xanthenone-4-acetic acid (XAA) was synthesised during a search for improved analogues of flavone-8-acetic acid, an antitumour agent with a unique mechanism of action but with a number of pharmacological disadvantages. We describe a simple, selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay suitable for the detection of XAA in mouse plasma. After addition of an internal standard (3-methyl-XAA), plasma was acidified with trichloroacetic acid and extracted with toluene. After evaporation of solvent, samples were chromatographed on a C18 4-microns Novapak cartridge (mobile phase: water-acetonitrile-acetic acid, 65:35:2, v/v) using fluorescence detection. At the maximum tolerated dose of XAA (725 mumol/kg), nonlinear pharmacokinetics were observed.