The properties and applications of the integrating factor in the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations

In this article, we indicated that all the problems, such as the classification of the singular point and the determination of the stability of limit cycle, can be solved by the application of the integral factor. Especially we gave a criterion for deciding the center and the focus, which is appropriate for the singular point of the first order as well as that of the higher order.In the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, all the problems, such as the classification of singular point of the first order and higher order, and the determination of stability of limit cycle, are important problems to be solved by different ways, the distinction between a focus and a center of singular point of the higher order is an unsolved problem. In this paper, we show that all the problems mentioned above can be solved by the use of the integrating factor. A criterion is given to decide the center and the focus, and this criterion is applicable to the singular point of the first order as well as the higher order.     

THEORETICAL STUDY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MANIFOLD METHOD

IntroductionNumerical manifold method is a new numerical method established on the basis of finitecover of manifold[1,2].By using continuous and non-continuous finite cover system,thenumerical manifold method includes the continuous and non-continuous as …     

The applications of generalized variational principles in nonlinear structural analysis

This paper discusses the generalized variational principles founded by thetechnique of Lagrangian multipliers in structural mechanics and analyzes the nonlinearstatically indeterminate structures.It is assumed that the stress-strain relationship ofthe materials of structures has the form ofσ=Bε~(1/m)orτ=Cγ~(1/m),namely,thephysical equations of structures have the shape of exponential functions.Severalexamples are given to illustrate the statically indeterminate structures such as thetrusses,beams,frames and torsional bars.     

数值流形单元法数学网格自适应

基于数值流形方法和有限覆盖技术,将有限元法的后验误差估计理论及h型网格自适应技术推广应用到数值流形单元法中,提出了数值流形单元法的后验误差估计方法和数学网格自适应技术,并编制了相应的程序。数值算例表明,经过网格自适应,可以在粗糙的初始网格基础上得到质量比较理想的网格,计算结果可达到用户要求的精度。     

Zienkiewicz薄板单元的数值流形法实现

Zienkiewicz薄板单元是最早出现的板单元,因节点参数简单,所以在70年代之前曾起过重要作用;但同时它又是非协调的,仅对由三组间距相等的平行直线所形成的网格才能满足分片检验,这限制了这一单元的应用.因此,先后有不少学者对其进行过改进,使其能对任意形状的网格收敛.考虑到数值流形元法(NMM)总是用最佳质量的数学网格来进行逼近,本文尝试用NMM来解决Zienkiewicz单元的网格依赖问题.基于板的最小势能原理,提出了适用于NMM的混合变分提法,然后利用有解析解的椭圆板问题对方法进行了验证.本文所提出的方法,还可被用于其他类型的非协调单元的改造.     

The Variational Principle and Application of Numerical Manifold Method

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＭａｎｉｆｏｌｄＭｅｔｈｏｄ(ＮＭＭ )ｉｓａｎｅｗｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｆｉｎｉｔｅｃｏｖｅｒｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｉｎｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ.ＩｔｄｉｆｆｅｒｓｆｒｏｍＦｉｎｉｔｅＥｌｅｍｅｎｔＭｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｃｏｖｅｒｓｏｆＮＭＭａｒｅｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｃｏｖｅｒｓａｎｄｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｃｏｖｅｒｓａｎ…     

数值流形方法的对象设计

研究了数值流形方法的对象设计方法和组织方式,为流形方法的理论研究和向三维问题的扩展打下良好的基础,研究发现数值流形方法具有编程和前后处理简单的特点,且仅用三角形流形单元和一阶近似的覆盖位移函数就可达到有限元多结点等参元的求解精度,具有深远的工程意义,计算结果表明,数值解与理论解吻合。     

Semi-inverse method and generalized variational principles with multi-variables in elasticity

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎ 1 954,Ｈｕ[1,2 ]ｄｅｄｕｃｅｄＨｕ＿Ｗａｓｈｉｚｕｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｂｙｓｏ＿ｃａｌｌｅｄｔｒｉａｌ＿ａｎｄ＿ｅｒｒｏｒｍｅｔｈｏｄ ,ａｎｄｉｎ1 964 ,Ｃｈｉｅｎ[3]ｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄｔｈｅＬａｇｒａｎｇｅｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｉｅｒｍｅｔｈｏｄ ,ｂｙｗｈｉｃｈｈｅｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙｄｅｄｕｃｅｄＨｕ＿Ｗａｓｈｉｚｕｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ.Ａｆｔｅｒｔｈａｔｇｅｎｅｒａｌｉｚｅｄｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎａｌｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓｃａｎｂｅａｒｒｉｖｅｄａｔ…     

The invariant manifold method and the controllability of nonlinear control system

The problem of controllability of nonlinear control system is a significant field which has an extensive prospect of application. A.M.Kovalev of Ukraine Academy of Science applied the oriented manifold method developed in dynamics of rigid body to nonlinear control system for the first time and obtained a series of efficient results. Based on Kovalev’s oriented manifold method, firstly, by invariant manifold method the problem of controllability of nonlinear control system was studied and the necessary condition of the controllability of a kind of affine nonlinear system was given out. Then the realization of the necessary condition was discussed. At last, the motion of a rigid body with two rotors was investigated and the necessary condition which is satisfied by this system was proved.     

COUPLED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND GENERALIZED COUPLED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES IN PHOTOELASTICITY

ＦｕＢａｏｌｉａｎ（付宝连）（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＮｏｖ．２２，１９９３；ＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅｄｂｙＣｈｉｅｎＷｅｉｚａｎｇ）ＣＯＵＰＬＥＤＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＬＥＳＡＮＤＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＩＺＥＤＣＯＵＰＬＥＤＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＰＲＩ...     

数值流形方法的粘性边界问题初探

在实际工程数值流形方法分析中,采用固定约束边界的方法处理无限域或者半无限域的情况,边界处应力波的反射造成模拟结果与实际情况不符.本文基于Lysmer等人提出的粘性边界理论,在边界上设置阻尼器,推导相应粘性边界条件下流形单元刚度矩阵的数值计算格式,经岩石长条中弹性波传播算例,并与有限元结果对比,验证了该粘性边界的有效性,有利于数值流形方法的工程中推广应用.     

THE MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF NONLINEAR ANALYSIS FOR PERFORATED THIN PLATES

ＴＨＥＭＡＴＨＥＭＡＴＩＣＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＳＡＮＤＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＩＺＥＤＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＬＥＳＯＦＮＯＮＬＩＮＥＡＲＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＦＯＲＰＥＲＦＯＲＡＴＥＤＴＨＩＮＰＬＡＴＥＳＣｈｅｎｇＣｈａｎｇｉｕｎ（程昌钧）；ＹａｎｇＸｉａｏ...     

Region-wise variational principles and generalized variational principles on large strain for consolidation theory

Introduction Thedeformationofsaturatedsoftclayisoneofimportantquestionsingeotechnical engineering.Thenotablecharacteristicisthatthedegreeofitsstrainisgenerallylargerthan10percent.Oneofthecauses[1],Whichleadtoaquantitativedifferencebetweenthe numericalsimu…     

Generalized variational principles on nonlinear theory of elasticity with finite displacements

Two generalized variational principles on nonlinear theory of elasticity with finitedisplacements in which the σ_(ij),e_(i j)and u_i are all three kinds of independent functionsare suggested in this paper.It isproved that these two generalized variational principles areequivalent to each other if the stress-strain relation is satisfied as constraint.Some specialcases,i.e.generalized variational principles on nonlinear theory of elasticity with smalldeformation,on linear theory with finite deformation and on linear theory with smalldeformation together with the corresponding equivalent theorems are also obtained.All ofthem are related to the three kinds of independent variables.     

基于单位分解法的无网格数值流形方法

在数值流形方法和单位分解法的基础上，提出了无网格数值流形方法. 无网格数值流形 方法在分析时采用了双重覆盖系统，即数学覆盖和物理覆盖. 数学覆盖提供的节点形成求解 域的有限覆盖和单位分解函数；而物理覆盖描述问题的几何区域及其域内不连续性. 与原有 的数值流形方法相比，无网格数值流形方法的数学覆盖形状更加灵活，可以用一系列节点的 影响域来建立数学覆盖和单位分解函数，具有无网格方法的特性，从而摆脱了传统的数值流 形方法中网格所带来的困难. 与无网格方法相比，由于采用了有限覆盖技术，试函数的构造 不受域内不连续的影响，克服了原有的无网格方法在处理不连续问题时所遇到的困难. 详细推导了无网格数值流形方法的试函数和求解方程，最后给出了算例，验证了该方法的正 确性.     

三维数值流形方法的点-面接触模型

建立了三维流形元的点-面接触模型,给出了嵌入准则并应用罚方法强迫接触界面满足不嵌入和无拉伸条件约束求解,详细推导了法向弹簧、切向弹簧和摩擦力子矩阵并给出了接触状态(张开、滑动和固定)的模式变化准则,算例表明该模型的有效性。     

An analysis and calculation on unsteady flow in exhaust system of diesel engine

In this paper, the unsteady and non-homoentropic flow in exhaust system of diesel engine is analysed and calculated by means of characteristic method. This paper makes proper treatment in calculation, particularly in calculation of boundary conditions, then the calculation program obtained is rather common and the convergence of calculation is faster too. Finally, in this paper, we take exhaust system of 6135 turbocharged diesel engine for an example and make numerical calculation for it, The results obtained are quite satisfactory.     

The random variational principle and finite element method

In this paper, we introduced the random materials, geometrical shapes, force and displacement boundary condition directly into the functional variational formulations and developed a unified random variational principle and finite element method with the small parameter perturbation method. Numerical examples showed that the methods have the advantages of the simple and convenient program implementation, and are effective for the random mechanics problems.     

岩石双孔爆破过程的流形元法模拟

在流形元基本理论基础上,引入断裂力学的裂纹产生及扩展判据,应用二阶流形元对岩石双孔爆破过程进行了研究,模拟了双孔同时起爆和毫秒延时起爆两种条件下裂纹的产生和扩展、块体的形成以及漏斗形成过程,分析了爆炸载荷作用下岩石的破坏规律以及起爆条件对该过程的影响,验证了流形元法在研究冲击载荷作用下岩石从连续体到不连续体破坏过程的准确性和有效性,为研究类似问题提供一个新的思路和方法。     

An effective approach for modeling fluid flow in heterogeneous media using numerical manifold method

A major challenge of modeling fluid flow in heterogeneous media is to model the material interfaces, which may be arbitrarily oriented or intersected with Dirichlet, Neumann, or other boundaries, making it difficult to mesh and accurately satisfy the boundary constraints. In order to solve these problems, we derived a new continuous approach in the numerical manifold method (NMM). NMM is an ideal method to handle boundaries, considering its flexibility and efficiency with fixed mathematical mesh and its integration precision. With the two‐cover‐meshing system, we construct physical covers containing gradient jump terms defined as extended degrees of freedom to realize the refraction law across material interfaces. In the global equilibrium equations, the jump terms are naturally considered with the energy‐work seepage model. In this approach, high accuracy is expected from the newly constructed jump function together with simplex integration. Moreover, high mesh efficiency is realized by fixed triangular mathematical mesh with algorithms fully considering interfaces intersecting with Dirichlet, Neumann, or other boundaries and simplex integration on elements in arbitrary shapes. The new approach was coded into our NMM fluid flow model. We calculated examples involving fluid flow through a domain including (1) a single interface, (2) an idealized fault represented by multiple material interfaces, (3) intersected interfaces, and (4) an octagonal inclusion. We compared the simulated results to analytical solutions or results with denser mesh to test precision and efficiency and thereby proved that the new approach is accurate, efficient, and flexible, especially when considering intense geometric change or intersections. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.