回归正交试验设计优化猪苓多糖的提取工艺

以猪苓为原料,通过二次回归正交试验优化了猪苓多糖的提取工艺条件.结果表明:影响猪苓多糖提取率的因素顺序为:提取温度＞料液比＞pH＞微波提取时间＞微波功率;最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间3min,温度70.0℃,料液比1∶24.7 (g/mL),pH 6.91,微波功率400W,猪苓多糖的提取率为2.86％.     

扣子七中多糖的提取工艺

超声波法提取扣子七多糖.以扣子七多糖的含量为指标,先采用单因素试验获得提取扣子七多糖的最佳料液比、提取时间、提取温度.然后根据单因素实验中的实验结论设定恰当的3个水平,通过正交试验,最后获得多糖提取的最佳提取工艺.对扣子七多糖含量影响因素的大小依次是料液比、提取时间、提取温度.扣子七多糖最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶20、提取温度60℃、提取时间20min/次.     

植物油中苯并芘的提取工艺

采用正交试验比较提取溶剂、料液比、提取温度、超声时间对植物油中苯并芘提取率的影响.结果对植物油中苯并芘提取率的影响程度依次为:提取溶剂＞料液比＞超声时间＞提取温度.最佳提取工艺为:提取溶剂为乙腈,料液比为1∶125,提取温度为50℃,超声时间为2.5h.     

白僵蚕多糖成分的释放方法探讨

白僵蚕是重要的中药材,采用微波辅助法释放白僵蚕的多糖成分。以白僵蚕多糖提取率为评价指标,采用微波辅助法提取分离白僵蚕多糖,用单因素实验法对影响多糖得率的料液比、微波功率、照射时间、提取次数4个因素进行了分析,用正交试验法优化白僵蚕多糖的提取工艺条件,提取白僵蚕多糖成分的最佳条件为：料液比1∶30、微波功率480W、提取次数3次、照射时间60s。在此提取条件下白僵蚕多糖干料的提取率为11.51%。     

微波-超声波辅助提取枸杞中的多糖工艺

利用微波-超声波辅助提取枸杞中的多糖物质,采用正交试验法考察料液比、浸提温度、微波和超声波功率以及时间等对枸杞中多糖物质提取效率的影响,得到最佳提取工艺:料液比为1∶10(g/mL),微波提取温度为100℃,微波功率为300W,提取时间6min,超声处理时间20min,超声功率80W,温度为70℃.     

正交优化红枣多糖的超声波提取工艺

建立了UV-Vis分光光度测定红枣中多糖含量的方法.考察了乙醇体积、超声温度、超声时间、料液比4因素对多糖含量测定的影响.在单因素试验结果的基础上,进行正交试验设计,试验结果表明:最佳测定条件为A2B2C3D2,即超声温度为50℃,超声时间为60min,料液比为1∶30(g/mL),乙醇用量为30mL.方法平均回收率为96.87％,RSD为1.11％(n=5).该法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于红枣多糖的提取及含量测定.     

枸杞叶多糖的超声波辅助提取

通过单因素试验考察了样品粒度、提取时间、超声波频率、超声波功率、提取温度、液固比和提取次数对枸杞叶多糖提取率的影响,在此基础上采用正交试验优选到了最佳提取工艺方案:样品粒度80目、提取时间20min、超声波频率20kHz、超声波功率90W、提取温度65℃、液固比20:1(mL/g)、提取次数1次。超声波提取法的提取率显著高于水提醇沉法,重现性较好,为工业化生产提供了依据。     

热水回流提取香椿叶多糖的工艺研究

研究热水回流提取香椿叶总多糖的工艺条件。单因素考察了原料粒度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比对香椿叶总多糖提取量的影响。以香椿叶总多糖提取量为考察指标,选用L9(34)试验设计对香椿叶总多糖的热水回流提取工艺条件进行优化,并验证最佳工艺条件、确定提取次数。其最佳工艺条件为:在原料粒度约为40目的条件下,提取温度为90℃,提取时间为3h,料液比为1∶25,提取次数为5次。在最佳参数组合下,每克香椿叶可提取总多糖为34.783mg。     

白簕多糖的提取工艺和含量比较

经多糖确证性实验首次证明白簕中含有多糖成分,不同部位的多糖含量不同,白簕中茎皮的多糖含量最高。单因素实验法对影响多糖得率的主要因素进行了分析,正交实验优化了多糖提取的工艺条件,研究表明：白簕茎皮中提取多糖类成分的最佳条件为：辐射时间60s、料液比1∶20、醇沉浓度70%、提取次数3次。在最佳条件下总多糖的含量为6.28mg/g。     

废弃番茄叶中叶绿素超声-微波协同的提取工艺

利用超声-微波协同法提取废弃番茄叶中的叶绿素.通过单因素及正交试验研究了溶剂、乙醇浓度、微波功率、超声温度、超声时间、料液比、微波时间7个因素对叶绿素提取量的影响,再进行正交试验和验证实验.结果表明最佳工艺条件是:乙醇浓度90％、微波功率500W、超声温度70℃、超声时间40min、料液比1∶10(g/mL)、微波时间...     

响应面分析法优化玉竹多糖提取工艺

在提取时间、料液比、提取温度3个单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面法优选玉竹中多糖的提取条件.利用Box-Benhnken设计模型,研究3个变量对玉竹多糖提取率的影响.结果表明：最佳提取工艺为：提取时间72min,料液比1∶7.5g·mL^-1,提取温度81.6℃,在此条件下,玉竹中多糖的提取率可达10.82％,理论预测值为10.89％,相对误差为-0.64％.说明采用响应面分析法优化玉竹多糖的工艺条件准确、可靠.     

微波萃取-分光光度法测定灵芝中多糖的含量

通过单因素考察及正交试验优化微波法提取灵芝多糖的实验条件,并选用无水葡萄糖为对照品,5%苯酚和硫酸为显色剂,以分光光度法测定灵芝中多糖的含量。正交试验结果表明:当料液比为1:20(g/mL),微波功率为中高火,微波时间为30min时,得到的灵芝多糖的量最多。各因素对灵芝中多糖得率的影响由大到小依次为:微波功率>微波时间>料液比。在490nm波长下,总多糖浓度在0—14.41μg/mL范围内,吸光度与含量呈良好的线性关系,在10—180min内稳定。该方法操作简便、快速,灵敏度高和重复性好,可用于灵芝及其相关产品的多糖检测。     

白僵蚕多糖的甲醇提取与热水提取工艺的比较

建立了白僵蚕多糖的甲醇提取法,采用正交设计,优化了提取工艺,并采用传统的热水提取法验证了新工艺的应用效果。结果表明,甲醇提取法可以有效的应用于白僵蚕多糖的制备。最佳工艺为:浸提温度55℃,浸提时间4h,提取次数2次,料液比1∶40。甲醇提取法提取的多糖得率为11.21%。而热水提取法的多糖得率为10.14%。甲醇提取法的多糖得率优于热水提取法。     

Ultrasound-assisted polysaccharide extraction from Cercis chinensis and properites,antioxidant activity of polysaccharide

The purpose of the study was to improve the extraction of polysaccharide from the leaves of Cercis chinensis Bunge using ultrasound, and compare the difference between boiling and ultrasound extraction in terms of polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compounds, and evaluate how the factors affected the bioactivity. The best conditions, according to the single factor experiments and the Box-Bohnken design (BBD), were an intensity of ultrasound of 180 W, duration of extraction of 40 min, proportion of water to material of 15:1 (g/g), and a higher polysaccharide yield of 20.02 ± 0.55 (mg/g) than in boiling extraction (16.09 ± 0.82 mg/g). The antioxidative experiment suggested the polysaccharide by ultrasound exhibited higher DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities, and reducing power at 1.2–1.4 mg/mL, which was superior to the boiling polysaccharide. Further analysis showed that the ultrasonic purified polysaccharides like Gla, N-Glu, and GluA contained more total sugar and uronic acids than the boiling method did. This may indicate that the ultrasonic isolation of the polysaccharides increase the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides.     

Ultrasound assisted cyanotoxin extraction for nematode inhibition in soil

Root-knot nematodes are one of the plant damaging nematodes in agriculture causing a projected annual yield loss of ∼12 % (∼$160 billion) worldwide. Conventional solutions to control these plant-parasitic nematodes involve chemical nematicides. To reduce the use of harmful chemicals, microalgal extracts can be used as greener alternatives for nematode management. Microalgae produce valuable metabolites, including cyanotoxins which can aid in nematode suppression.In this study, two microalgae species, Trichormus variabilis and Nostoc punctiforme, were treated with ultrasound for intensified recovery of secondary metabolites. Ultrasound results in cell wall disruption of the microalgal species, thus resulting in enhanced release of secondary metabolites. Microalgal biomass was treated with an ultrasound probe at 50 % amplitude, 20 kHz frequency, using water as the extraction medium, for 5–30 min. The extraction efficiency was determined in terms of the total chlorophyll (Chl) content of the extract. Microscopic images of the treated cells were also investigated to gain insight into the effect of the ultrasonication time on the cell morphology. Our results suggest that ultrasonication resulted in the intensified release of secondary metabolites, as established through the total chlorophyll content of the ultrasonicated microalgal samples as well as the microscopic images of the ruptured cells. The best extraction for Trichormus variabilis was achieved with 15 min extraction time where the Total Chl content increased by 29 times (compared to the non-ultrasonicated sample), and for the Nostoc punctiforme, 30 min extraction time gave the highest metabolite recovery of 6.4 times higher than the non-ultrasonicated sample.Ultrasonicated algal extracts were then tested for their nematicidal potential against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, in infested field soil samples. Experimental study was conducted using different concentrations of each microalga, Trichormus sp. and Nostoc sp., individually, as well as in combination. The nematode count for the treated soil was compared with that of the control (untreated soil). Ultrasonicated microalgal extracts showed 66% to 100% inhibition on root-knot nematodes in the soil samples tested.     

胡萝卜多糖含量的测定

采用热水浸提、乙醇分级沉淀和洗涤等步骤提取胡萝卜中的多糖,通过苯酚-硫酸比色法测定多糖的含量,选择490nm作为检测波长,在5-60μtg范围内葡萄糖质量浓度和吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9997,相对标准偏差RSD为1.86％,平均回收率为99.61％,胡萝卜中多糖含量为6.02％.本方法简便、快速、准确、重现性好,可作为胡萝卜多糖含量的测定方法,对于综合开发利用胡萝卜及提高胡萝卜品质的研究能提供一定参考依据.     

超声波强化提取对茯苓水溶性多糖结构影响的研究

以茯苓菌核为原料,采用正交实验法确定超声波辅助热水浸提茯苓水溶性多糖的最佳提取条件,并对超声波辅助提取中药多糖的机理进行初步研究。用苯酚硫酸法测定糖含量,傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析糖类官能团,气相色谱法测定单糖组成,原子力显微镜观察多糖结构,并将测定结果与传统热水法浸提所得茯苓多糖进行对比。实验结果表明:采用超声波辅助热水浸提可以使水溶性茯苓多糖的提取率达到2.71%(传统热水浸提法提取率为1.49%),传统热水浸提得茯苓多糖(PPTH)与超声波辅助热水浸提得茯苓多糖(PPUH)具有相同的单糖组成,都包含核糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖,二者的红外吸收谱也基本相同,原子力显微镜扫描分析显示,PPTH整体呈现网状结构,而PPUH主要以长短不一的近棒状结构存在。     

南瓜多糖的性质及光谱分析

采用热水浸提和乙醇沉淀的方法提取南瓜多糖,Sevage法除蛋白,活性炭脱色,对南瓜多糖的理化性质、提取率、含量、组成和结构进行了研究,南瓜多糖呈灰白色粉末,溶于水,不溶于有机溶剂。碘-碘化钾反应呈阴性,说明提取物为非淀粉性多糖。提取率5.34%,总糖含量为97.93%,紫外光谱扫描结果表明南瓜多糖几乎不含核酸和蛋白质;红外吸收光谱检测表明,在3433、2949、1749、1612、1416、1333、1238、1147、1101、1018、833、763、637、536、427cm^-1处表现为典型的多糖特征吸收峰;南瓜多糖是一种酸性多糖,同时存在呋喃环和吡喃环,该多糖是以α型糖苷键相连结的杂多糖。     

苯酚-硫酸法测定北芪菇多糖的含量

采用水提醇沉法从北芪菇中提取水溶性多糖,用Sevage法除蛋白,通过苯酚-硫酸比色法在490nm波长处测定多糖含量.在10-80μg·mL-1范围内,葡萄糖质量浓度与吸光度线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9985,平均回收率为97.74％,相对标准偏差为2.36％（n=6）,北芪菇中多糖含量为5.45％％.方法快速、简单,稳定性好,可作为北芪菇多糖的常规检测方法.