Synchronization properties and effects of parameter mismatches in unidirectionally coupled chaotic vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We numerically investigate the effects of parameter mismatches on chaos synchronization in vertical-cavity surfaceemitting lasers (VCSELs). We assume injection-locked chaos synchronization in a unidirectionally coupled and openloop optical feedback system. The accuracy of chaos synchronization is greatly affected by the mismatches of the device parameters and operation conditions between the two lasers. In particular, the oscillation frequency of the laser is one of the important parameters in a system of injection-locked chaos synchronization. However, the variations of the device characteristics of VCSELs are very large compared with those of other types of semiconductor lasers. We study the effects of parameter mismatches related to the oscillation frequency of VCSELs on chaos synchronization. We proved that mismatches in terms of the birefringence and the injection current play crucial roles for the quality of chaos synchronization.     

Message filtering characteristics of semiconductor laser as receiver in optical chaos communication

The message filtering characteristics of the receiver in closed-loop chaotic optical communication system are numerically studied based on laser rate equations. A pair of external cavity semiconductor lasers was employed as the chaotic carrier transmitter and the synchronized chaos receiver. We examined the filtering properties of the semiconductor laser receiver for message encoded with chaos masking. Our results demonstrate that, the lower the message frequency, the more easily the receiver filters out the message from chaotic carrier. We also analyzed the effects of each parameter mismatches between the transmitter and the receiver on the quality of the recovered message. Comparing the synchronization quality with the signal-to-noise ratio affected by parameter mismatches, we find that the quality of the recovered message depends not only on the synchronization quality but also on the filtering characteristics of the receiver. The filtering characteristics of receiver will be playing an important role on the quality of the recovered message in the case of large mismatches.     

Chaos synchronization and communication of the polarization modes for two unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We theoretically investigate the synchronization performance of the polarization modes of two unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), where the master VCSEL subjects to polarization-preserved optical feedback and the slave VCSEL subjects to polarization-preserved optical injection. We demonstrate that high synchronization can be achieved between corresponding polarization components of the master laser and the slave laser. We also analyze the influence of the internal mismatched parameters on the synchronization performance. Furthermore, this system is used to dual-channel communication and the different transmitted digital information is respectively recovered at each polarization branch of the slaver laser successfully with the encryption scheme of chaos masking (CM). The results open an opportunity for multichannel chaotic communication by utilizing different polarization components in single-mode or multi-transverse-mode VCSELs.     

Theoretical investigations of cascaded chaotic synchronization and communication based on optoelectronic negative feedback semiconductor lasers

In this paper, a novel chaotic relay system, based on cascaded synchronization in optoelectronic negative feedback chaotic semiconductor lasers, is presented. Synchronization characteristics and the influence of parameter mismatches on synchronization performances are investigated. The results show that the complete synchronization can be achieved under suitable system parameters; internal parameter mismatches of the lasers have influence on synchronization quality, but the system possesses more robustness to parameter mismatches compared with cascaded synchronization based on coherent optical feedback. Moreover, communication related issues are also investigated. Under the additive chaos modulation (ACM) encryption scheme, encoded messages can be successfully extracted at both mediator laser (ML) and receiver laser (RL) parts; parameter mismatches of the lasers will affect messages decoding, but the influence is not strong.     

Single-transverse-mode output from a fiber laser based on multimode interference

An alternative original approach to achieve single-transverse-mode laser emissions from multimode (MM) active fibers is demonstrated. The fiber cavity is constructed by simply splicing a conventional passive single-mode fiber (SMF-28) onto a few centimeters-long active MM fiber section whose length is precisely controlled. Owing to the self-imaging property of multimode interference (MMI) in the MM fiber, diffraction-limited laser output is obtained from the end of the SMF-28, and the MMI fiber laser is nearly as efficient as the corresponding MM fiber laser. Moreover, because of the spectral filtering effect during in-phase MMI, the bandwidth of the MMI fiber laser is below 0.5 nm.     

基于双光反馈半导体激光器的单向开环混沌同步通信

利用双光反馈半导体激光器作为混沌发射源, 构建了一个单向开环混沌通信系统, 并对系统的通信性能进行了相关仿真研究. 研究表明: 通过合理选取系统参量, 双光反馈半导体激光器所产生的混沌载波能很好地抑制外腔延时特征; 发射激光器和接收激光器在强注入锁定下能实现很好的混沌同步, 并且同步性能对频率失谐具有很好的容忍性; 采用附加混沌调制加密方式, 500 Mbits/s的信号能够很好地隐藏于混沌载波中, 并可在接收端成功解调. 关键词： 半导体激光器 单向耦合 混沌通信     

Dispersion measurement technique based on the self-seeding laser oscillation of a Fabry-Perot laser diode

A simple dispersion measurement technique has been proposed and demonstrated by using the self-seeding laser oscillation of a Fabry-Perot laser diode through an optical closed-loop path. When the multi-mode optical pulses emitted from the laser are re-injected into the laser after traversing a fiber-under-test, a single mode laser oscillation occurs through the closed-loop path due to the group velocity difference between the pulses of different wavelengths. We measured the dispersion parameter of the fiber-under-test from the modulation frequency changes required to induce single-mode laser oscillations through the optical closed-loop path. The maximum measurement error was less than 1.5% for the optical fibers as compared with a commercial instrument.     

Fabrication of multimode interference waveguides in glass by use of a femtosecond laser

We report on the fabrication of multimode interference (MMI) waveguides that split single-mode light into multimode light in synthesized silica by use of femtosecond laser pulses. The number of modes at the output facet is dependent on both the width and the length of the MMI waveguides. The output spectral responses of the MMI waveguides in the visible region were examined. The fabricated MMI waveguides can be used as compact power splitters with large fan-outs.     

Chaos synchronization in injection-locked semiconductor lasers with optical feedback

Based on the rate equations, we have investigated three types of chaos synchronizations in injection-locked semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. Numerical simulation shows that the synchronization can be realized by the symmetric or asymmetric laser systems. Also, the influence of parameter mismatches on chaos synchronization is investigated, and the results imply that these two lasers can achieve good synchronization, with smaller tolerance of parameter mismatch existing.     

Chaos generation in a semiconductor ring laser with an optical injection

Two chaos generation schemes are demonstrated numerically based on a semiconductor ring laser (SRL) with either a constant or a chaotic optical injection from an external distributed feedback (DFB) laser. Under a certain bias current, the chaotic output can be generated by the SRL with appropriate injection parameters. Parameter map is achieved numerically to show types of oscillation in the SRL. Bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent spectra roughly describe the routes to chaos for the SRL with disturbance. A bandwidth-enhanced chaos generation can be describes based on the chaotic optical injection scheme. The bandwidth of the bandwidth-enhanced chaos generated is about 12 GHz, which achieves approximately a two-fold increase compared with the constant injection scheme.     

Integrated thin film InGaAsP laser and 1 x 4 polymer multimode interference splitter on silicon

We report on a thin film InGaAsP laser integrated with a 1 x 4 polymer multimode interference (MMI) splitter on a silicon substrate for planar optical signal distribution. The thin film laser had a threshold current of 40 mA and was endfire coupled to the integrated passive polymer MMI splitter, and the optical signal from the laser was distributed to the four output waveguides of the MMI coupler. The measured loss of the MMI splitter was 0.79 dB. The normalized powers of the four MMI output ports in the integrated system were measured to be 0.823, 0.978, 0.852, and 1.     

链式互耦合半导体激光器的实时混沌同步

通过在互耦合外腔半导体激光器之间增加中继激光器,建立了一种链式互耦合半导体激光器混沌同步系统模型.理论分析了系统的实时混沌同步条件,数值研究了注入电流、互耦合条件、反馈条件等对系统实时混沌同步品质的影响,揭示了同步质量在反馈强度和互耦合强度二维参数空间的分布规律.结果表明:注入电流较大时,满足互耦合强度和反馈强度相同,互耦合延时和反馈延时相等,系统中所有激光器之间可同时实现稳定高品质实时混沌同步;中心激光器和边激光器之间的稳定实时混沌同步分布在在互耦合强度和反馈强度较小的区域以及互耦合强度和反馈强度相近的区域;边激光器之间由于同时接收到中心激光器实施的相同注入,能够较容易的实现稳定高品质的实时混沌同步.该系统可进一步扩展成为实现远距离的双向实时混沌同步或阵列激光器系统的实时混沌同步.     

Two unstable oscillations in the multimode laser with modulated inversion

We present comprehensive results of numerical studies on the dynamical properties of a multimode ring laser under modulation of the population inversion in the bad-cavity condition. Incoherent properties of unstable oscillations in this system are investigated in detail as a function of two control parameters: the dc component of the population inversion and the modulation amplitude. Two kinds of optical chaos in two limiting regions reported in a previous paper are extensively studied to clarify their different characteristics from deterministic and stochastic points of view. The competition between their different origins is revealed. Statistical properties of their stochasticity are investigated to clarify their non-Gaussian natures. Comparison with analytical results for a single-mode laser with fluctuations is also made.     

激光Maxwell-Bloch 方程时空混沌网络的同步研究

研究了激光Maxwell-Bloch 方程时空混沌网络的同步问题.对单模激光Maxwell-Bloch方程进行了修正. 以N个修正后具有时空混沌特性的单模激光Maxwell-Bloch方程作为网络节点构成复杂网络. 在考虑到网络连接过程中,节点时空混沌系统中的参量可能受到某种干扰而与实际值产生微小偏差的情况下,采用网络第一个节点的时空混沌系统同时并行驱动其余N-1个时空混沌系统达到同步. 进一步通过仿真模拟验证了同步方案的有效性.     

Synchronization and control of chaos in coupled chaotic multimode Nd:YAG lasers

In this Letter we numerically investigate the dynamics of a system of two coupled chaotic multimode Nd:YAG lasers with two mode and three mode outputs. Unidirectional and bidirectional coupling schemes are adopted; intensity time series plots, phase space plots and synchronization plots are used for studying the dynamics. Quality of synchronization is measured using correlation index plots. It is found that for laser with two mode output bidirectional direct coupling scheme is found to be effective in achieving complete synchronization, control of chaos and amplification in output intensity. For laser with three mode output, bidirectional difference coupling scheme gives much better chaotic synchronization as compared to unidirectional difference coupling but at the cost of higher coupling strength. We also conclude that the coupling scheme and system properties play an important role in determining the type of synchronization exhibited by the system.     

Longitudinal mode competition in semiconductor lasers under optical feedback: Regime of short-external cavity

This paper introduces a theoretical study of longitudinal mode competition in semiconductor lasers subject to optical feedback. The study is based on a model of time-delay multimode rate equations taking into account both symmetric and asymmetric suppressions of modal gain. The model is numerically solved and applied to the case of a short-external cavity. Mode competition is characterized along the feedback-induced period-doubling route to chaos as well as under chaotic dynamics. Contributions of symmetric and asymmetric gain suppressions to both mode dynamics and modal operation under OFB are clarified. The results show that under chaotic dynamics, mode competition induces multimode hopping giving rise to asymmetric multimode output spectra. In regimes of continuous-wave operation, mode competition supports single-mode oscillation, and the side-mode suppression ratio improves with the increase of feedback. In the regime of strong feedback, the lasing mode moves to either long- or short-wavelength side in a seemingly random fashion, which is strongly related to asymmetric gain suppression.     

基于双光反馈垂直腔面发射激光器的双信道混沌同步通信

利用双光反馈垂直腔面发射半导体激光器(VCSELs) 两个正交偏振模式输出的两个混沌信号作为混沌载波, 构建了一个双信道的混沌保密通信系统, 并对该系统的通信性能进行了数值仿真研究.研究结果表明: 通过合理的选取反馈参量, 双光反馈VCSELs两个偏振模式输出的混沌信号能很好地隐藏外腔反馈延时特性; 双光反馈VCSEL两个偏振模式输出的混沌信号通过偏振保持注入到接收VCSEL中, 在强注入锁定条件下可以实现很好的混沌同步, 同步性能对频率失谐的容忍性随着注入强度的增加而加强; 在附加混沌调制加密方式下, 500 Mbit/s的信号在传输过程中能够得到很好的隐藏, 同时在接收端可以成功解调; 随着通信速率的增加, Q因子呈现下降的趋势, 但对于 6 Gbit/s的信息, Q因子仍大于6. 关键词： 垂直腔面发射激光器 双光反馈 双信道 混沌通信     

Bidirectional chaos synchronization and communication in semiconductor lasers with optoelectronic feedback

In this paper, a bidirectional chaos communication system based on the optoelectronic feedback semiconductor lasers (SLs) is presented, and the synchronization characteristics and the communication performances of such system are simulated numerically. The results show that the high-quality synchronization with zero lag time and simultaneous bidirectional message transmission can be realized under the suitable system parameters; the internal parameter mismatches of the lasers have influence on the synchronization quality and communication performance, but this system still possesses good robustness to parameter mismatches. Meanwhile, the security can be ensured through a suitable encoding-decoding technique.     

Generation and synchronization of feedback-induced chaos in semiconductor ring lasers by injection-locking

A smart scheme for chaotic signal generation in a semiconductor ring laser (SRL) with optical feedback is proposed and investigated numerically. The chaotic oscillation in the SRL can be generated by the partial reflection of the laser output. Time series, attracter and the power spectrum, as well as the Lyapunov exponent spectrum, are calculated and analyzed. We also study the synchronization scheme of feedback-induced chaos in SRLs by optical injection that consists of a drive SRL with optical feedback and a response SRL with optical injection from the drive laser. High-quality synchronization is achieved with suitable injection strength and detuning frequency between the drive and the response SRLs.     

Experimental control of a chaotic semiconductor laser

We have experimentally controlled the chaotic output of a single-mode semiconductor laser pumped near threshold and subject to optical feedback. We used a novel technique called dynamic targeting, which was theoretically proposed by Wieland et al. [Opt. Lett. 22, 469 (1997)]. Optical feedback causes the semiconductor laser to undergo a bifurcation cascade that exhibits regions of stability, periodicity, chaos, and coherence collapse. By adjusting the feedback phase simultaneously as the feedback strength was varied we steered the laser into the stable maximum gain mode, and thus we stabilized the system at maximum intensity.