硅源对蒸氨法制备Cu/SiO2催化剂催化甲醇裂解制氢的影响

采用蒸氨法制备Cu/SiO₂催化剂,分别考察气相二氧化硅（SiO₂-aer）、硅胶（SiO₂-gel）和碱性硅溶胶（SiO₂-sol）对Cu/SiO₂催化剂催化甲醇裂解制氢性能的影响,并采用N₂吸附-脱附、N₂O化学吸附、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）、X射线衍射（XRD）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,硅源对Cu/SiO₂催化剂的活性具有较大影响。以碱性硅溶胶作为硅源制得的Cu/SiO₂-sol催化剂比表面积较大,活性中心粒径较小且分散均匀,这些使得其制氢性能优于其他两种硅源为载体所制备的催化剂。在反应温度280 ℃,反应压力1 MPa,甲醇质量空速0.6 h^-1的条件下,相较于Cu/SiO₂-aer和Cu/SiO₂-gel催化剂,Cu/SiO₂-sol催化剂的甲醇转化率分别提高10％和7％,气相副产物CH₄和CO₂浓度也有所降低,该催化剂上的甲醇转化率和气体收率分别达到98.4%和96.7%。     

NiPt/SBA-15纳米催化剂的制备及其催化水合肼分解产氢性能研究

本研究采用浸渍还原法制备了不同金属比例的NiPt双金属负载SBA-15（介孔二氧化硅）催化剂,对其催化水合肼脱氢性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,在催化剂的制备过程中Pt和Ni形成了合金,两种金属的电子协同效应可以有效地促进催化剂的催化性能,SBA-15与金属活性组分之间的相互作用有助于改善催化剂的催化性能和循环稳定性。Pt6Ni4/SBA-15催化剂催化水合肼脱氢的反应活化能为45.6 kJ/mol,TOF值为2123.3 h-1,优于大部分已经报道的催化剂。     

甲醇在欠电位沉积Sn/Pt电极上催化氧化

在欠电位沉积（upd）锡修饰的铂电极（upd-Sn/Pt）上,对甲醇电化学催化氧化过程进行了研究.发现当Pt表面upd-Sn的覆盖率在20％附近时,对甲醇的催化氧化的增强作用最为明显；在电位低于0.35 V （vs RHE）时,甲醇在Pt与upd-Sn/Pt电极上氧化只进行到脱氢生成CO的步骤;在0.35 V以后,表面Sn－OH形成,反应Sn－OH＋COads=Sn＋CO2＋H＋＋e有利于表面CO的去除;而Pt电极上,只有0.6 V以后,才有反应Pt－OH＋COads=Pt＋CO2＋H＋＋e发生.因此,Sn的存在有利于甲醇在较低的电位下氧化; Pt电极上CH3OH脱氢并释放出电子的过程是一个快速的过程,表面CO的去除是甲醇氧化过程的控制步骤;甲醇氧化产生的表面吸附态CO 以线式吸附为主,少量的桥式吸附态CO在反应初期即达到吸附饱和; Pt表面上upd-Sn表现的催化增强作用,在光亮铂电极和在高分散铂黑电极上是一致的.     

高活性甲醇氧化电催化剂Pt-Pd纳米合金的组分可控合成

Pt纳米粒子由于其本身独特的物理、化学性质以及能够同时促进氧化和还原反应,在工业生产和商业设备中(尤其在直接甲醇燃料电池中)广泛用作重要的电催化剂.然而,Pt作为贵金属在自然界中的含量极其稀少,价格昂贵;另外,甲醇氧化反应中产生的中间产物CO很容易市Pt纳米粒子中毒而失活.因此,迫切需要一种Pt用量少,催化性能高的材料.一制备高活性比表面积的Pt纳米颗粒,可以有效提高Pt利用率.另外,调控纳米粒子使其裸露特定的晶面、边、角以及缺陷也能有效提升催化性能.还可以采用Pt纳米粒子结合其它金属元素形成双金属合金,如,Pt-M (M = Pd,Au,Ag,Ru,Fe,Co,Ni,等)催化剂,可以在减少Pt元素用量的同时有效提升催化活性.在众多可供选择的元素中,Pd相对于Pt价格低廉,但两者具有相近的物理、化学性质以及较高的电催化性能,使Pt-Pd纳米合金呈现十分优异的电催化性能.研究表明,Pt-Pd纳米合金在酸性和CO环境中能有效催化有机小分子电氧化过程.另外,在酸性环境中,用Pd替代Cu,Ag,Co或Ni,可以有效减少催化剂的腐蚀.本文在乙二醇溶液中同时还原K2PtCl4和Na2PdCl4,在110 ℃C反应5 h制备出超细的Pt-Pd纳米合金.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及能谱仪(EDS)对合金进行表征,从而确定产物为尺寸4 nm左右的Pt-Pd纳米合金,且通过改变金属前驱体的投料比可以有效调控Pt-Pd合金组分(按元素比例分别表示为Pt1Pd3,Pt1Pd1,Pt3Pd1).采用循环伏安法、线性扫描伏安法以及计时安培法等多种手段测试样品在0.5 mol/L H2SO4和0.5 mol/L CH3OH的酸性环境中(50 mV/s)电化学性能,并与商业Pt/C进行比较.结果表明,合金的催化性能和组分密切相关,当Pt元素的含量为75%左右时,Pt-Pd纳米合金表现出最佳的催化活性和稳定性,其中Pt3Pd1的电催化质量活性可达商业Pt/C的7倍之多.我们把Pt-Pd纳米合金的催化性能对其组分的依赖性归结为甲醇氧化反应中的双官能团机制,反应中,Pt可有效催化甲醇脱氢产生Pt-CO,Pd则催化水脱氢形成Pd-OH.当Pd含量减少时,Pt表面的水脱氢反应只有在高电位才能发生,从而降低催化效率;而Pd含量过多,则会抑制Pt催化甲醇的脱氢反应,使催化效率大大降低.因此,只有适宜Pt/Pd比例,才能有效提升催化效率.     

高活性甲醇氧化电催化剂Pt-Pd纳米合金的组分可控合成（英文）

Pt纳米粒子由于其本身独特的物理、化学性质以及能够同时促进氧化和还原反应,在工业生产和商业设备中(尤其在直接甲醇燃料电池中)广泛用作重要的电催化剂.然而,Pt作为贵金属在自然界中的含量极其稀少,价格昂贵;另外,甲醇氧化反应中产生的中间产物CO很容易市Pt纳米粒子中毒而失活.因此,迫切需要一种Pt用量少,催化性能高的材料.一制备高活性比表面积的Pt纳米颗粒,可以有效提高Pt利用率.另外,调控纳米粒子使其裸露特定的晶面、边、角以及缺陷也能有效提升催化性能.还可以采用Pt纳米粒子结合其它金属元素形成双金属合金,如,Pt-M(M=Pd,Au,Ag,Ru,Fe,Co,Ni,等)催化剂,可以在减少Pt元素用量的同时有效提升催化活性.在众多可供选择的元素中,Pd相对于Pt价格低廉,但两者具有相近的物理、化学性质以及较高的电催化性能,使Pt-Pd纳米合金呈现十分优异的电催化性能.研究表明,Pt-Pd纳米合金在酸性和CO环境中能有效催化有机小分子电氧化过程.另外,在酸性环境中,用Pd替代Cu,Ag,Co或Ni,可以有效减少催化剂的腐蚀.本文在乙二醇溶液中同时还原K_2PtCl_4和Na_2PdCl_4,在110°C反应5 h制备出超细的Pt-Pd纳米合金.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及能谱仪(EDS)对合金进行表征,从而确定产物为尺寸4 nm左右的Pt-Pd纳米合金,且通过改变金属前驱体的投料比可以有效调控Pt-Pd合金组分(按元素比例分别表示为Pt1Pd3,Pt1Pd1,Pt3Pd1).采用循环伏安法、线性扫描伏安法以及计时安培法等多种手段测试样品在0.5 mol/L H_2SO_4和0.5mol/L CH_3OH的酸性环境中(50 mV/s)电化学性能,并与商业Pt/C进行比较.结果表明,合金的催化性能和组分密切相关,当Pt元素的含量为75%左右时,Pt-Pd纳米合金表现出最佳的催化活性和稳定性,其中Pt_3Pd_1的电催化质量活性可达商业Pt/C的7倍之多.我们把Pt-Pd纳米合金的催化性能对其组分的依赖性归结为甲醇氧化反应中的双官能团机制,反应中,Pt可有效催化甲醇脱氢产生Pt-CO,Pd则催化水脱氢形成Pd-OH.当Pd含量减少时,Pt表面的水脱氢反应只有在高电位才能发生,从而降低催化效率;而Pd含量过多,则会抑制Pt催化甲醇的脱氢反应,使催化效率大大降低.因此,只有适宜Pt/Pd比例,才能有效提升催化效率.     

炭载Pt-Ag双金属催化剂对甲醇氧化反应的电催化

以NaBH4为还原剂,将K2PtCl6和AgNO3前体进行共还原制备了一系列具有不同组成的碳载PtmAg/C合金催化剂（m为Pt/Ag原子比,m为0.05～1.0）,在酸性介质中考察了该系列催化剂对甲醇氧化反应的电催化性能。 与单组分Pt/C催化剂相比,系列PtmAg/C催化剂呈现出较高的催化氧化甲醇的活性与抗CO毒化能力,而且该催化剂的性能与其组成密切相关。 随m值增加,PtmAg/C催化剂对甲醇氧化反应的质量比催化活性(MSA)、本征催化活性(IA)与稳定性均逐步增加,当m=0.5时催化活性达到最高,其MSA和IA分别是Pt/C催化剂的5.1和4.8倍。     

丙烷脱氢负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4催化剂中Na+助剂组分的作用

用微型催化反应装置结合X射线衍射(XRD)、H₂化学吸附、NH₃吸附-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和H₂-程序升温还原等多种物理化学手段研究了丙烷脱氢负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4催化剂中Na⁺助剂组分的作用。结果表明,Na⁺组分可中和SUZ-4载体表面的强酸中心、提高催化剂的Pt金属分散度、抑制脱氢产物的裂解和积炭的生成,从而提高催化剂的丙烷脱氢选择性和反应稳定性。但是过量Na⁺组分的存在会削弱Sn物种与载体之间的相互作用,使其易被还原,导致催化剂丙烷脱氢活性显著下降。     

铂钌团簇活化甲醇C―H和O―H键的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了Pt_nRu_m (n+m=3, n≠0)团簇活化甲醇C―H和O―H键的反应活性和机理. 分别给出以O―H和C―H键活化为初始步骤的势能曲线. 计算结果表明反应是以C―H键的活化为初始步骤; 三种团簇与甲醇反应的活性顺序为Pt₂Ru>Pt₃>PtRu₂. 前线轨道分析表明Pt_nRu_m团簇活化初始的C―H和O―H键的活化过程是质子转移(PT). 此外还讨论了溶剂化对反应的影响. 本研究可为C―H键和O―H键的活化提供更深入的理解, 为甲醇活化反应催化剂选择以及其使用条件的优化提供新思路.     

纳米片层二硫化钼负载PtCo双金属催化甲醇水相重整制氢

采用水热法合成了层数只有六层的纳米片层二硫化钼（MoS₂）,并进一步负载Pt和PtM双金属（M=Ru、Pd、Co和Ni）,用于催化甲醇水相重整制氢反应。结果表明,PtCo/MoS₂对于甲醇水相重整具有最优异的催化性能,在220℃下产氢转换频率（TOF）为37142 h^-1。氮气吸附-脱附等温线、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）以及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征结果表明,PtCo/MoS₂中金属还原程度高,且Pt与载体MoS₂形成了强电子相互作用,使缺电子的Pt有利于吸附活化甲醇,并进一步促进甲醇重整反应。     

以类水滑石为前驱体的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂用于COx加氢合成甲醇：CO在反应混合物中的作用(英文)

近年来,催化CO₂加氢合成甲醇被视为有望解决温室效应和燃料枯竭的有效途径。目前,铜基催化剂因具有较高的反应活性被广泛应用于工业生产。然而,竞争逆水煤气变换反应产生的CO导致甲醇选择性较低,同时副产物水引起Cu发生不可逆烧结,进而降低甲醇产率。众所周知,CO能够调整分子的表面竞争吸附和活性位的氧化还原行为,本工作拟向原料气中掺入具有还原性的CO以抑制逆水煤气变换反应和防止表面氧化中毒。另一方面,通常认为铜基催化的CO₂加氢制甲醇是结构敏感性反应,不同的前驱体能够显著影响催化剂结构和形貌,进而影响催化活性。因此,我们首先通过共沉淀法和蒸氨法制备了含有类水滑石前驱体(CHT-CZA)和复合物前驱体(CNP-CZA)结构的Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂。随后,为探究CO掺杂后反应机理,在250°C,5 MPa的反应条件下,含有不同比例CO的原料气中(CO₂:CO:H₂:N₂=x:(24.5_-x):72.5:3)评价两种催...     

CO adsorption on pure and binary-alloy gold clusters: a quantum chemical study

We performed density-functional theory analysis of nondissociative CO adsorption on 22 binary Au-alloy (Au(n)M(m)) clusters: n=0-3, m=0-3, and m+n=2 (dimers) or 3 (trimers), M=Cu/Ag/Pd/Pt. We report basis-set superposition error corrections to adsorption energies and include both internal energy of adsorption (DeltaU(ads)) and Gibbs free energy of adsorption (DeltaG(ads)) at standard conditions (298.15 K and 1 atm). We found onefold (atop) CO binding on all the clusters except Pd2 (twofold/bridged), Pt2 (twofold/bridged), and Pd3 (threefold). In agreement with the experimental results, we found that CO adsorption is thermodynamically favorable on pure Au/Cu clusters but not on pure Ag clusters and also observed the following adsorption affinity trend: Pd>Pt>Au>Cu>Ag. For alloy dimers we found the following patterns: Au2>M Au>M2 (M=Ag/Cu) and M2>M Au>Au2 (M=Pd/Pt). Alloying Ag/Cu dimers with (more reactive) Au enhanced adsorption and the opposite effect was observed for PdPt dimers. The Ag-Au, Cu-Au, and Pd-Au trimers followed the trends observed on dimers: Au3>M Au2>M2Au>M3 (M=Ag/Cu) and Pd3>Pd2Au>PdAu2>Au3. Interestingly, Pt-Au trimers reacted differently and alloying with Au systematically increased the adsorption affinity: PtAu2>Pt2Au>Pt3>Au3. A strikingly different behavior of Pt is also manifested by the triplet spin state and onefold (atop) binding in Pt3-CO which is in contradiction with the singlet spin state and threefold binding in Pd3-CO. We found a linear correlation between CO binding energy (BE) and elongation of the CO bond. For Ag-Au and Cu-Au clusters, the increase in CO BE (and elongation of the C-O bond which is probably due to the back donation) is accompanied by the decrease in the cluster-CO distance suggesting that the donation (from 5sigma highest occupied molecular orbital in CO to cluster lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) mechanism also contributes to the BE. For Pd-Au clusters, the cluster-CO distance (and CO bond length) increases with increase in the BE, suggesting that the donation mechanism may not be important for those clusters. No clear trend was observed for Pt-Au clusters.     

Relativistic DFT studies of dehydrogenation of methane by Pt cationic clusters: cooperative effect of bimetallic clusters

The dehydrogenation reaction mechanisms of methane catalyzed by transition-metal clusters PtM(+) (M = Cu, Ag, Au) and Pt(n)(+) (n = 2-4) have been investigated theoretically. In the reactions of PtM(+) (M = Cu, Ag, Au) with CH(4), cleavage of the first C-H bond is quite facile without barrier. The second C-H bond activation and the release of H(2) from molecular complex are generally the rate-determining steps. In the reactions of platinum clusters Pt(n)()(+) (n = 2-4) with CH(4), the H(2) elimination from the dihydrogen complex is the rate-determining step. Spin crossover may occur in the reaction of Pt(2)(+) and CH(4). Pt(2)(+) and Pt(3)(+) can dehydrogenate methane efficiently due to remarkable thermodynamic stability of the products. The dehydrogenation of methane induced by Pt(4)(+) is less favored thermodynamically than Pt(n)()(+) (n = 1, 2, 3). On the basis of theoretical analyses, the differences in reactivity among the clusters and the nature of cooperative effect of the bimetallic cluster have been discussed. The calculated results provide a reasonable basis for understanding of experimental observations.     

Adsorption of cyclohexene and its dehydrogenation intermediates on nAu/Pt(100)(n＝0,1,2) surfaces:A DFT study

Adsorption of cyclohexene and its dehydrogenation intermediates on the nAu/Pt(100) (n = 0, 1, 2 means clean Pt, one monolayer and two layers of Au covered Pt surfaces, respectively.) has been investigated by self-consistent (GGA-PW91) density functional theory combined with periodic slab model. It is found that on the clean platinum, there are two kinds of favorable adsorption sites, i.e., hollow sites and bridge sites, and the adsorption energy at the hollow site is larger than that at the bridge site. However, on the Au/Pt and 2Au/Pt surfaces, there are three kinds of adsorption sites, and the adsorption energies are alike at both the bridge site and the top site. The magnitude order of the adsorption energies is as follows: clean Pt > Au/Pt > 2Au/Pt. The configurations of cyclohexene molecule have been distorted a little during the geometry optimizations. The lengths of C–M (M = Pt or Au, on the top layer of the slab) bonds are closely related to the corresponding adsorption energies.     

Effects of Alloyed Metal on the Catalysis Activity of Pt for Ethanol Partial Oxidation: Adsorption and Dehydrogenation on Pt(3)M (M=Pt, Ru, Sn, Re, Rh, and Pd)

The adsorption and dehydrogenation reactions of ethanol over bimetallic clusters, Pt(3)M (M = Pt, Ru, Sn, Re, Rh, and Pd), have been extensively investigated with density functional theory. Both the α-hydrogen and hydroxyl adsorptions on Pt as well as on the alloyed transition metal M sites of PtM were considered as initial reaction steps. The adsorptions of ethanol on Pt and M sites of some PtM via the α-hydrogen were well established. Although the α-hydrogen adsorption on Pt site is weaker than the hydroxyl, the potential energy profiles show that the dehydrogenation via the α-hydrogen path has much lower energy barrier than that via the hydroxyl path. Generally for the α-hydrogen path the adsorption is a rate-determining-step because of rather low dehydrogenation barrier for the α-hydrogen adsorption complex (thermodynamic control), while the hydroxyl path is determined by its dehydrogenation step (kinetic control). The effects of alloyed metal on the catalysis activity of Pt for ethanol partial oxidation, including adsorption energy, energy barrier, electronic structure, and eventually rate constant were discussed. Among all of the alloyed metals only Sn enhances the rate constant of the dehydrogenation via the α-hydrogen path on the Pt site of Pt(3)Sn as compared with Pt alone, which interprets why the PtSn is the most active to the oxidation of ethanol.     

氢原子在Pt及Pt系双金属催化表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(dFT)考察了Pt(100)、(110)、(111)三种表面氢原子的吸附行为, 计算了覆盖度为0.25 ML时氢原子在Pt 三种表面和M-Pt(111)双金属(M=Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pd)上的最稳定吸附位、表面能以及吸附前后金属表面原子层间弛豫情况. 分析了氢原子在不同双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化以及双金属表面d 带中心偏离费米能级的程度并与氢吸附能进行了关联. 计算结果表明, 在Pt(100), Pt(110)和Pt(111)表面, 氢原子的稳定吸附位分别为桥位、短桥位和fcc 穴位. 三种表面中以Pt(111)的表面能最低, 结构最稳定. 氢原子在不同M-Pt(111)双金属表面上的最稳定吸附位均为fcc 穴位, 其中在Ni-Pt 双金属表面的吸附能最低, Co-Pt 次之. 表明氢原子在Ni-Pt 和Co-Pt 双金属表面的吸附最稳定. 通过对氢原子在M-Pt(111)双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化的分析, 验证了氢原子吸附能计算结果的准确性. 掺杂金属Ni、Co、Fe 的3d-Pt(111)双金属表面在吸附氢原子后发生弛豫, 第一层和第二层金属原子均不同程度地向外膨胀. 此外, 3d金属的掺入使得其对应的M-Pt(111)双金属表面d带中心与Pt 相比更靠近费米能级, 吸附氢原子能力增强, 表明3d-Pt系双金属表面有可能比Pt具有更好的脱氢活性.     

Silica-supported PtSn alloy doped with Ga, In or, Tl: Characterization and catalytic behaviour in n-hexane dehydrogenation

Silica-supported trimetallic catalysts containing Pt, Sn and a group 13 metal (PtSnM, M=Ga, In, Tl) were prepared by consecutive impregnation steps from cis-[PtCl₂(PPh₃)₂] and chloride precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (ED) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed large platelet-like particles of PtSn_1−xM_x phases. PtSnGa catalyst with a Pt/(Sn+Ga) molar ratio of 1.72 showed a bimodal particle distribution and a Pt phase was identified. Differences in surface structures were also revealed by the performance of catalysts in the dehydrogenation of n-hexane. For PtSnIn and PtSnTl (Pt/(Sn+M) molar ratio of about 1) the dehydrogenation was favoured. In contrast, PtSnGa catalyst yielded hydrogenolysis products. Photoelectron spectra showed the Pt 4f_7/2 level at a binding energy of 70.0–71.8 eV in all cases. Moreover, the FT-IR spectra of chemisorbed CO on the PtSnGa showed a slight shift in the ν(CO) toward higher values with respect to the monometallic catalyst, pointing to an electronic effect in accordance with photoelectron spectroscopy.     

Use of platinum carbonyl complexes in the synthesis of Pt/MgAlO x catalysts

Pt/MgAlO _x samples have been obtained by the adsorption of platinum carbonyl complexes on aluminum-magnesium oxides with Mg: Al = 2, 3, and 4. The composition of the adsorbed complexes has been determined. The catalysts synthesized from the carbonyl precursor show a higher activity in propane dehydrogenation and are less prone to deactivation than the catalysts prepared using platinum chloro complexes.     

Pd/Pt二元合金电极的制备及氧还原性能

本文利用欠电位沉积亚单层的Cu及Pt置换取代Cu的方法, 制备了具有不同表面元素组成的Pd/Pt二元合金电极(用Pd/Ptx表示, x指欠电位沉积Cu-Pt置换取代Cu过程的次数),并对其表面元素组成、氧还原性能进行了表征. 在控制欠电位沉积Cu的下限电位恒定(0.34 V)的前提下, 表面Pt/Pd的元素组成比通过重复欠电位沉积Cu及Pt置换取代Cu的次数(1~5次)来可控地调变. 光电子能谱(XPS) 以及红外光谱实验表明,Pd/Ptx电极表层区的Pt：Pd元素组成比随着Pt沉积次数增加而增加, 对Pd/Pt4电极, 在电极表层区约2~3 nm内的Pt/Pd的原子比大约是1:4,而最表层裸露Pd原子的比例仍在20%以上。循环伏安结果显示, 随着Pt沉积次数的增加(1-5次), Pd/Ptx电极表面越不易被氧化。氧还原测试结果显示随着Pt沉积次数的增加(1~4次), Pd/Ptx二元金属电极的氧还原活性依次增加, 经过第3次沉积后其氧还原活性已优于纯Pt,而经4次以上沉积,其氧还原活性基本不变。在其它反应条件相同条件的前提下, Pd/Pt4电极上氧还原的半波电位与纯Pt相比右移约25 mV。结合本文与文献的实验结果,我们初步认为Pd/Ptx二元金属体系氧还原性能改善主要源自表层Pd原子导致其邻近的Pt原子上含氧物种吸附能的降低.     

Theoretical calculation of the dehydrogenation of ethanol on a Rh/CeO2(111) surface

We applied periodic density-functional theory (DFT) to investigate the dehydrogenation of ethanol on a Rh/CeO2 (111) surface. Ethanol is calculated to have the greatest energy of adsorption when the oxygen atom of the molecule is adsorbed onto a Ce atom in the surface, relative to other surface atoms (Rh or O). Before forming a six-membered ring of an oxametallacyclic compound (Rh-CH2CH2O-Ce(a)), two hydrogen atoms from ethanol are first eliminated; the barriers for dissociation of the O-H and the beta-carbon (CH2-H) hydrogens are calculated to be 12.00 and 28.57 kcal/mol, respectively. The dehydrogenated H atom has the greatest adsorption energy (E(ads) = 101.59 kcal/mol) when it is adsorbed onto an oxygen atom of the surface. The dehydrogenation continues with the loss of two hydrogens from the alpha-carbon, forming an intermediate species Rh-CH2CO-Ce(a), for which the successive barriers are 34.26 and 40.84 kcal/mol. Scission of the C-C bond occurs at this stage with a dissociation barrier Ea = 49.54 kcal/mol, to form Rh-CH(2(a)) + 4H(a) + CO(g). At high temperatures, these adsorbates desorb to yield the final products CH(4(g)), H(2(g)), and CO(g).     

硼酸盐水溶液热力学研究II: H3BO3-LB(OH)4-LiCl-MgCl2体系

在278.15～318.15K下, 测定了无液电池(A), Pt, H2│B(OH)3(m1),LiB(OH)4(m)2, LiCl(m3), MgCl2(m4)│AgCl, Ag和电池(B), Pt, H2│B(OH)3(m1), LiB(OH)4(m2), MgCl2(m4)│AgCl, Ag的电动势。利用Debye-Huckel外推法和多项式拟合法确定了硼酸镁离子对[MgB(OH)4^+缔合常数pKt, 并得到了经验方程pKt=A1+A2/T+A3T以及缔合过程的其他各标准热力学量, 同时指出缔合熵是形成[MgB(OH)4^+]离子对的推动力。