ZSM-5/MCM-41复合分子筛的合成与表征

以碱处理的ZSM-5浆液为硅铝源,通过水热自组装过程合成了介孔-微孔复合孔道结构的分子筛,并采用XRD、BET、HRTEM、Py-IR和水热处理等手段对合成分子筛进行了表征。结果表明,碱处理ZSM-5时的苛刻程度是影响复合分子筛合成的重要因素,适宜的碱处理条件为NaOH浓度1 mol/L、80℃时处理1 h。表征结果表明,复合分子筛具有规整互通的微孔-介孔梯级复合孔道结构,孔容、比表面积和平均孔径分别为0.63 mL/g,684 m²/g和3.76 nm,属典型的MCM-41结构;与MCM-41相比,复合分子筛的B酸(尤其是强B酸)酸量明显增强,水热稳定性显著提高。     

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂合成MCM-41/ZSM-5复合分子筛的研究

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂、以ZSM-5为晶种,在水热晶化条件下合成了同时具有微孔和介孔的MCM-41/ZSM-5复合分子筛;并考察了陈化温度、陈化时间、晶化时间及模板剂用量等条件对合成复合分子筛的影响.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、高分辨率透射电镜、红外光谱及N2静态吸附法等手段对合成样...     

Pd/ZSM-5/MCM-41催化剂加氢脱硫性能研究

本工作将三种材料：全硅MCM-41 （Si-MCM-41）、通过机械混合Si-MCM-41和HZSM-5得到的Z-MCM-41-M、通过在HZSM-5外部包覆Si-MCM-41制备得到的Z-MCM-41,采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD、Py-IR手段进行了表征.分别以这些材料为载体,制备出负载型贵金属Pd催化剂,以二苯并噻吩（DBT）为模型化合物,在固定床反应器上进行加氢脱硫（HDS）性能考察.反应结果表明,载体的表面积或分散程度并不是影响负载型Pd催化剂HDS性能的关键性因素,催化剂的HDS性能受到载体的孔尺寸和载体的酸性双重影响.负载在酸性载体上表现出较好的HDS性能和加氢选择性,与溢流氢有关.其中,在三种催化剂中,Pd/Z-MCM-41催化剂表现出最高的HDS活性和优异的加氢活性,说明在载体的介孔孔道结构中引入微孔的酸中心对提高加氢脱硫活性有重要影响,仅靠机械混合方式制备的载体不能将介孔的孔道优势与微孔的酸性优势表现出来,不能产生较好的协同催化作用,具有介孔孔道结构和适中酸性的Z-MCM-41复合材料是潜在的贵金属加氢脱硫催化剂载体.     

减压蒸馏生物油与乙醇在ZSM-5/MCM-41上共催化裂化

采用减压蒸馏生物油为原料,与无水乙醇2:3(质量比)混合,在固定床中ZSM-5/MCM-41分子筛上共催化裂化,考查了反应温度和质量空速(WHSV)对裂化产物的影响。对ZSM-5/MCM-41进行了NH₃-TPD、BET、N₂吸附-脱附等表征,对裂化气体产物通过气相色谱仪分析,减压蒸馏生物油和精制生物油采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行定量分析。结果表明,反应温度500 ℃、WHSV 3.75 h^-1为反应优化工况。此反应条件下,精制生物油酸类物质从减压蒸馏生物油中的25.6%降至反应后的0.1%,效果显著,且精制生物油产率为46.8%,气体产物中CO₂和CO的浓度共9.5%。     

预置晶种合成MCM-41/ZSM-3复合分子筛

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和四甲基氢氧化铵为模板剂，以ZSM-3为晶种，在水热条件下合成了同时具有中孔和微孔的复合分子筛MCM-41/ZSM-3。通过XRD、IR、N2吸附脱附等温线和SEM表征，样品的XRD图谱在小角度衍射区和大角度衍射区同时出现了MCM-41和ZSM-3的衍射峰；IR图谱上也同时出现了MCM-41和ZSM-3的吸收谱带，并且合成样品与两种分子筛的机械混合物有明显差别；N2吸附脱附等温线证明样品含中孔和微孔结构，并且微孔直径集中分布在0.7 nm左右，中孔直径集中分布在3.3 nm左右；从SEM照片可以看出，复合分子筛和机械混合物形貌不同，前者为附晶生长或再结晶，后者为均匀分散。     

Synthesis of MCM-41 supported amino-palladium complex and its catalytic performance for heck reaction

Using MCM-41 as the supporter, a series of MCM-41 supported amino-palladium complexes has been prepared and characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), etc. The XRD and XPS results indicate that the Pd coordinates with the -NH₂ groups on the MCM-41 surface, and the structure of MCM-41 has been not damaged. Its catalytic performance for Heck arylation of alkene with aryl iodide shows that the catalysts have high activity and stereoselectivity in 70–90°C. The product of Heck reaction is in E form. And the effect of the preparation condition of catalyst on the catalytic performance was examined. Translated form Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2008, 28(5) (in Chinese)     

MCM-41/MOR复合分子筛的制备及其烷烃异构化性能研究

以碱处理的MOR浆液为部分硅铝源、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂,采用水热法合成了微孔-介孔复合分子筛MCM-41/MOR,并通过XRD、HRTEM、BET、Py-FTIR以及水热处理等方法对合成的复合分子筛进行了表征。结果表明,合成的复合分子筛具有微孔和介孔双重孔结构,比表面积高达567 m²/g,孔容为0.60 mL/g,平均孔径为3.26 nm,且具有较高的水热稳定性。正己烷在微反装置上的非临氢异构化反应结果表明,适宜的B酸和L酸协同构成了烷烃异构化的活性中心,催化剂表面的Ni离子在活化烷烃的同时还具有较好的酸性调变作用;与Ni-MOR、Ni-MCM-41以及HMCM-41/MOR相比,复合分子筛Ni-MCM-41/MOR由于其适宜的表面酸性和孔道结构,具有更好的异构化催化性能,正已烷转化率为34.40%,i-C₆⁰选择性提高到40.38%。     

锌锡双金属掺杂MCM-41的合成及表征

以硅酸钠为硅源, 锡酸钠，硝酸锌为金属源，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂，采用直接水热合成法合成出了锌锡双金属同时掺杂的介孔MCM-41。通过ICP﹑XRD、TG-DTA﹑FTIR﹑HRTEM以及BET等技术对材料的结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明，合成的材料具有典型的六方介孔结构，比表面高，孔分布窄，热稳定性较高，且锌锡可能进入介孔MCM-41骨架中。该材料对苯酚羟基化反应具有良好的催化性能，双金属修饰MCM-41催化活性明显优于单组分掺杂。     

表面活性剂修饰对MCM-41负载离子液体吸附CO2影响的研究

以表面活性剂修饰的MCM-41为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载离子液体[NH2p-mim][PF6]的二氧化碳吸附剂,考察了表面活性剂对离子液体在MCM-41上分散的影响以及所导致的CO2吸附性能的变化.利用红外光谱(FT-IR),X-射线衍射(XRD),高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM),热重分析(TG)技术对所合成的负载型离子液体吸附剂进行了表征研究,并与其吸附CO2的性能变化、离子液体与表面活性剂相互作用方式等因素进行了关联.结果表明:MCM-41负载离子液体后对CO2的吸附性能略有提高,而经表面活性剂修饰的MCM-41负载离子液体后,对CO2的吸附容量较载体本身提高了2.5倍.这一方面是因为表面活性剂胶束改善了MCM-41上离子液体的分散性,另一方面是表面活性剂胶束对离子液体分子上电荷分布的影响,导致离子液体内部阴阳离子之间的相互作用减弱,从而引起离子液体中-NH2上N原子电子云密度增大,使其与CO2作用更容易.CO2在经表面活性剂修饰后的MCM-41负载离子液体[NH2p-mim][PF6]吸附剂上的吸附受扩散控制,其吸附-脱附CO2所需能量较小,经过5次吸附-脱附循环后,其吸附性能仍保持稳定.热重分析结果表明,经表面活性剂修饰后的MCM-41负载离子液体吸附剂在100℃下氮气气氛再生时不会发生性质改变.     

Pd/MCM-41催化剂的制备及其光催化苯羟基化的研究

以酸化高岭土为原料,采用水热法在碱性介质中制得MCM-41分子筛.以此分子筛为载体制备了负载型Pd催化剂并对载体和催化剂进行了氮气吸附脱附、X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜等表征.研究其在光催化苯羟基化反应中的催化性能,考察了Pd的负载量、氧化剂的用量、不同光源及光照时间等反应条件对催化剂催化性能的影响,以及催化剂的回收重复利用率.结果表明以H_2O_2为氧化剂时,在汞灯照射下,Pd/MCM-41催化剂对苯羟基化反应表现出了良好的催化性能.     

The Synthesis and Characteristics of Vanadoaluminosilicate MCM-41 Mesoporous Molecular Sieves

A series of vanadoaluminosilicate MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves with various compositions have been hydrothermally synthesized. Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was used as a surfactant in the synthesis. The samples were characterized with nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform-Infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and solid state NMR. The solid products had the MCM-41 structure and contained only atomically dispersed vanadium and aluminum consistent with framework vanadium and aluminum. The samples were hydrophobic and contained large amount of surfactant in the as-synthesized samples. The surfactant could be removed upon calcination at 450°C. N₂ sorption measurements and TEM demonstrate the high mesoporosity of [V, Al]-MCM-41. The incorporation of vanadium and aluminum into MCM-41 decreased the surface area to some extent. The morphologies of all the samples were the agglomerate of plates. ²⁹Si MAS NMR shows that the pore wall is amorphous. ²⁷Al MAS NMR shows that all of aluminum species were tetrahedrally coordinated even after calcination at 550°C.     

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with propene over CuCl/MCM-41 catalysts

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with propene over two kinds of CuCl/MCM-41 catalysts prepared by a dispersion method has been studied. It was found that CuCl/AlMCM-41 exhibits substantially higher activity over CuCl/SiMCM-41. Characterization of these samples by H₂-TPR, IR and XRD showed that the active copper species were mainly related to Cu²⁺ and Cu⁺ ions in CuCl/AlMCM-41 catalyst.     

Preparation of MnCo/MCM-41 catalysts with high performance for chlorobenzene combustion

MCM-41 was synthesized by a soft template technique. The specific surface area and pore volume of the MCM-41 were 805.9 m²/g and 0.795 cm³/g, respectively. MCM-41-supported manganese and cobalt oxide catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy clearly confirmed the existence of Mn, Co, and O, which indicated the successful loading of the active components on the surface of MCM-41. The structure and function of the catalysts were changed by modulating the molar ratio of manganese to cobalt. The 10%MnCo(6:1)/MCM-41 (Mn/Co molar ratio is 6:1) catalyst displayed the best catalytic activity according to the activity evaluation experiments, and chlorobenzene (1000 ppm) was totally decomposed at 270 °C. The high activity correlated with a high dispersion of the oxides and was attributed to the exposure of more active sites, which was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The strong interactions between MnO₂, Co₃O₄, MnCoO_x, and MCM-41 indicated that cobalt promoted the redox cycles of the manganese system. The bimetal-oxide-based catalyst showed better catalytic activity than that of the single metal oxide catalysts, which was further confirmed by H₂ temperature-programmed reduction. Chlorobenzene temperature-programmed desorption results showed that 10%MnCo(6:1)/MCM-41 had higher adsorption strength for chlorobenzene than that of single metal catalysts. And stronger adsorption was beneficial for combustion of chlorobenzene. Furthermore, 10%MnCo(6:1)/MCM-41 was not deactivated during a continuous reaction for 1000 h at 260 °C and displayed good resistance to water and benzene, which indicated that the catalyst could be used in a wide range of applications.     

Pt-Al/MCM-41催化剂的制备及催化合成有机硅增效剂

以介孔硅MCM-41为载体,AlCl₃为促进剂,制备了负载型Pt-Al/MCM-41催化剂。利用傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP）对催化剂的结构、形貌以及金属间作用力进行了表征,着重探讨了不同Al加入量对催化剂结构和金属间作用力的影响,系统考察了Pt-Al/MCM-41用于催化聚乙二醇烯丙基醚和七甲基三硅氧烷合成有机硅增效剂。结果表明,Al的加入量对催化剂的结构和有序度有一定的影响,其比表面积、孔容和有序度随着Al用量的增加而逐步降低。此外,加入一定量的Al有利于提高Pt晶粒的分散度,减小其粒径。Pt₁Al₂/MCM-41催化剂具有良好的重复使用性,使用6次无明显失活,其转化率仍大于90%。合成有机硅增效剂的最佳工艺为：n_PGAE/n_MD^HM=1.1,反应时间为4 h,反应温度为100℃,催化剂用量为0.5%,其转化率达94.1%。     

Pt-Al/MCM-41催化剂的制备及催化合成有机硅增效剂

以介孔硅MCM-41为载体,Al Cl_3为促进剂,制备了负载型Pt-Al/MCM-41催化剂。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、N_2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)对催化剂的结构、形貌以及金属间作用力进行了表征,着重探讨了不同Al加入量对催化剂结构和金属间作用力的影响,系统考察了Pt-Al/MCM-41用于催化聚乙二醇烯丙基醚和七甲基三硅氧烷合成有机硅增效剂。结果表明,Al的加入量对催化剂的结构和有序度有一定的影响,其比表面积、孔容和有序度随着Al用量的增加而逐步降低。此外,加入一定量的Al有利于提高Pt晶粒的分散度,减小其粒径。Pt_1Al_2/MCM-41催化剂具有良好的重复使用性,使用6次无明显失活,其转化率仍大于90%。合成有机硅增效剂的最佳工艺为:n_(PGAE)/n_(MDHM)=1.1,反应时间为4 h,反应温度为100℃,催化剂用量为0.5%,其转化率达94.1%。     

晶化时间对ZSM-5/MCM-48复合分子筛结构及MTG反应性能的影响

采用两步晶化法制备ZSM-5/MCM-48微介孔复合分子筛,通过调变前驱体溶胶的晶化时间获得不同结构的ZSM-5/MCM-48基分子筛催化剂。采用XRD、N₂-吸附、SEM、TEM、FT-IR和Py-FTIR等手段进行表征,结果表明,前驱体溶胶的晶化时间对ZSM-5/MCM-48复合分子筛的结构和表面酸性产生重要的影响,而特定结构的复合分子筛基催化剂可以显著改变甲醇制汽油（MTG）反应的产物分布,与ZSM-5基催化剂相比显著降低了油品中芳烃和均四甲苯的含量。阐明了其催化作用机制是由于介孔结构的MCM-48对微孔结构的ZSM-5界面或表面的修饰作用。     

Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of stable mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 prepared from zeolite mordenite

Mesoporous molecular sieves (denoted as M-MCM-41) with ordered hexagonal structure have been successfully synthesized from the assembly of precursors from preformed zeolite Mordenite with CTAB surfactant micelle in alkaline media. The samples were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption, IR and DTG. The materials exhibit highly hydrothermal stability, as compared with conventional MCM-41. Characterization results indicate that the mesoporous walls of M-MCM-41 contain the secondary building units similar to those in microporous crystal of zeolite Mordenite. In catalytic dealkylation of C10⁺ aromatic hydrocarbon, M-MCM-41 shows higher activities in comparison with Mordenite and MCM-41, which would be ascribed to the combination of advantages of both MCM-41 (large pores) and Mordenite (strong acidity). Furthermore, this synthesis strategy could be used as a new general method for the preparation of hydrothermally stable mesoporous aluminosilicate materials under alkaline conditions.     

Comparison of 6Mo/MCM-22 and 6Mo/ZSM-5 in the MDA process

A comparison of methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) on 6Mo/MCM-22 and 6Mo/ZSM-5 was carried out using a gas mixture of 90%CH₄, 2%CO₂ and 8%Ar as the feed. The results indicate that the stability of 6Mo/MCM-22 is better than that of 6Mo/ZSM-5. A detailed study reveals that the ability for coke accommodation and the retention of the shape selectivity for aromatics formation is responsible for the stability of a MDA catalyst. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

具有多级孔MCM-41/Y复合分子筛的合成及表征

采用晶种法和纳米组装法合成了MCM-41/Y复合分子筛,通过粉末XRD、SEM、TEM和BET等手段对其物性进行表征,结果显示:采用晶种法合成的形貌以包埋型为主,采用纳米组装法合成的材料为附晶生长和自组装型.二者均具有微、介孔多级孔道结构,比表面积达到665.1和849.3 m2·g-1,总孔容分别为0.6438和0.6529 cm3·g-1,相对于单一Y分子筛明显增大.纳米组装法合成样品的比表面积增大更为显著,这是由于两种合成体系粒子表面电荷和集聚方式不同.     

Cr/MCM-41催化剂的制备及其用于丙烷非氧化脱氢反应

实验分别采用连续吸附法和传统浸渍法制备Cr/MCM-41催化剂（分别记为Cr/MCM-41-ad和Cr/MCM-41-imp）,将制备的Cr/MCM-41催化剂用于丙烷非氧化脱氢制丙烯反应,并对反应过程中的温度、压力、空速等反应条件进行优化,在合适的条件即反应温度为630℃、压力为0.1 MPa、空速为4500 mL·h^-1·g^-1下比较两种方法制备的催化剂在丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应的催化性能.我们采用XRD、SEM-mapping、XPS、UV-vis、H₂-TPR等表征手段对催化剂上α-Cr₂O₃晶体粒径、活性组分及分布等进行表征分析,结果表明Cr/MCM-41-ad和Cr/MCM-41-imp中同时均存在Cr（VI）、Cr（Ⅲ）和α-Cr₂O₃.其中XRD和SEM-Mapping结果可知,Cr/MCM-41-ad上获得的α-Cr₂O₃晶体粒径较小且分散性好;通过UV-vis、XPS和TPR结果证明Cr/MCM-41-imp催化剂存在非活性孤立态Cr（VI）,较难还原,影响其反应活性.相比之下,吸附法制备的催化剂使Cr高分散,可避免形成非活性孤立态Cr（VI）,进而提高丙烷脱氢催化活性.因此,吸附法制备的铬基催化剂用于丙烷脱氢制丙烯有一定的借鉴作用.