5-芳基-3,5-二乙氧基-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成和反应机 理的研究

提出了一条方便地制备5-芳基-3,5-二乙氧基-2(5H)-呋喃酮化合物的合成路线,并对合成路线的反应机理进行了研究。应用设计的路线,合成了一组新颖的高度官能团化的2(5H)-呋喃酮化合物,所有化合物的结构均经过元素分析或高分辨率质谱,IR,NMR和MS确证。     

分化诱导剂的合成及晶体结构

合成出四个分化诱导剂,N,N,N',N'-四乙酰已二胺(Ⅰ),1,6-二烟酰已二胺(Ⅱ),1,6-二(3,5-二氧哌嗪)已烷(Ⅲ)和1,6-二[3,3'-(5,5-二甲乙内酰脲)]已烷(Ⅳ),对合成方法和路线进行了优化,通过元素分析、质谱、核磁和红外进行了表征,测定了化合物Ⅲ对人白血病细胞的分化诱导活性,利用单晶X射线四圆衍射测定了化合物Ⅳ的晶体结构,并与化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ的晶体结构进行了比较。     

6-甲基-4-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-3(2H)-哒嗪酮的合成与生物活性研究

在对3-三氟甲基-1,1'-联苯类衍生物类化合物进行CoMFA计算的基础上,设计合成了化合物6-甲基-4-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-3(2H)-哒嗪酮(T-1),分别采用小杯法、浮萍法和盆栽法对其除草活性进行了较详细的研究,发现化合物T-1具有很好的白化活性和除草效果.研究了T-1的合成路线,实施了三条完全不同的路线进行合成,比较了三条路线的优缺点.     

四种天然二聚二苯乙烯类化合物的全合成研究

天然二聚二苯乙烯类化合物大都具有显著和广泛的生物活性,如Shegansu B(1),Gnetuhainin F(2),Maackin A(3)和Cassigarol E(4)等.此类化合物的全合成研究尚未见文献报道.我们小组以HRP/H2O2酶催化氧化为关键步骤,首次完成了(±)-1～4四种天然二聚二苯乙烯类化合物的全合成,合成路线如图所示:     

有机小分子电致发光器件的蓝光主体材料的合成与表征

报道了应用于溶液法制备器件的小分子蓝光主体材料2-叔丁基-9,10-二(9,9-二正丙基芴基)蒽(TBPFA), 合成路线如Scheme 1所示, 该化合物具有较高的荧光量子效率,以它作为主体材料, 采用旋涂法制备了掺杂与非掺杂型单层器件, 并对器件性能进行了初步研究.     

二氢新茉莉酮酸甲酯和二氢茉莉铜酸甲酯的合成

本文报道了二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯(1)和二氢新茉莉酮酸甲酯(2)的新合成路线,以丙二酸二乙酯为原料,依次与溴代戊烷和烯丙基溴进行烷基化反应,得到α-戊基-α-烯丙基-丙二酸二乙酯(5),5经过水解、脱羧得到γ-烯酸3.酰氯化合物6进行Friendel-Crafts反应得到2-戊基-环戊-4-烯-1-酮(7),7通过Michael加成、水解、脱羧和酯化,得到2,总产率为24.4%.7可以异构化为2-戊基-环戊-2-烯-1-酮(9),9用通常的方法合成了1.1和2可以明显地从核磁共振谱、红外光谱和气相色谱识别。     

含1,3,4-(口恶)二唑取代的酰基硫脲的合成及杀菌活性

大量文献报道了1,3,4-(口恶)二唑的合成及广泛的生物活性[1-3],酰基硫脲类化合物也因其广谱的生物活性引起了人们浓厚的研究兴趣[4-5].根据活性因子叠加的原理,本文将一系列1,3,4-(口恶)二唑引入到酰基硫脲中,从对氯苯氧乙酸出发,得到的酰基异硫氰酸酯再与一系列2-氨基-5-芳基-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑反应,合成了10个酰基硫脲类化合物.所有化合物均经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱和质谱确认.同时对所有化合物进行了生物活性测试.合成路线如下.     

4-异丁氧基-10-羟基-1,7-二氮杂菲-2,8-二羧酸甲酯的合成、表征及晶体结构

报道了4-异丁氧基-10-羟基-1,7-二氮杂菲-2,8-二羧酸甲酯(1)的选择性合成.化合物1是以间苯二胺(3)为起始原料,经三步反应合成得来.间苯二胺和1,4-二羧酸二甲酯丁炔(4)反应生成了1,3-二-(1,2-二甲氧羰基-乙烯氨基)苯(5),随后化合物5在二苯醚中加热回流,生成4,10-二羟基-1,7-邻二氮杂菲-2,8-二羧酸甲酯(6)和4,5-二羟基-1,8-二氮杂蒽-2,7-二羧酸甲酯(7).从核磁共振氢谱中可以估算出,化合物6的产率是化合物7的7～9倍.化合物6和7的混合物通过Mitsunobu反应生成了化合物1和4,5-二异丁氧基-1,8-二氮杂蒽-2,7-二羧酸甲酯(2),其中化合物1的产率是化合物2的5～7倍.晶体结构清楚地表明化合物1中10位上的羟基与1位上的氮原子之间形成了六元环分子内氢键,而在化合物2中却没有发现分子内氢键,此现象很好的说明了氢键的形成与选择性合成之间存在着重要的联系.     

二氢新茉莉酮酸甲酯和二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯的合成

本文报道了二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯(1)和二氢新茉莉酮酸甲酯(2)的新合成路线.以丙二酸二乙酯为原料,依次与溴代戊烷和烯丙基溴进行烷基化反应,得到α-戊基-α-烯丙基-丙二酸二乙酯(5),5经过水解、脱羧得到γ-烯酸3.酰氯化合物6进行Friedel-Crafts反应得到2-戊基-环戊4-烯-1-酮(7),7通过Michael加成、水解、脱羧和酯化,得到2,总产率为24.4％.7可以异构化为2-戊基-环戊-2-烯-1-酮(9),9用通常的方法合成了1.1和2可以明显地从核磁共振谱、红外光谱和气相色谱识别.     

镉与羧酸及二咪唑化合物的合成及表征

以镉离子,间苯二酸阴离子(m-bdc)和1,5-二(1-咪唑基)戊烷(biim-5),合成了一种新型化合物[Cd(m-bdc)(biim-5)]*H2O(1),该化合物为二维层状结构.还研究了该化合物的荧光性质和热稳定性(TGA).     

合成双酚AF的新方法

由六氟丙酮三水合物和苯胺,经缩合、重氮化、水解、Friedel-Crafts烷基化等4步反应在常压下合成了双酚 AF。首先,以五氧化二铌为催化剂,在 n (HFA•3H₂O) : n (aniline) : n (Nb₂O₅) = 2 : 1 : 0.1,回流 6 h 条件下,合成出中间体（Ⅰ）,收率高达96.3%。然后在重氮化温度为 ﹣2 ～ 2 ℃,硫酸质量分数为 14.7%,n (Ⅰ) : n (H₂SO₄) : n (NaNO₂) = 1 : 4.1 : 1.1,及水解时硫酸质量分数为 50%,n (H₂SO₄) : n (Ⅰ) = 11.0 : 1、108～112 ℃反应 1.5 ～ 2 h 的优化条件下,化合物Ⅰ经重氮化、水解后以 92.7%的高收率得到中间体 2-（4-羟基苯）六氟异丙醇（Ⅱ）;再在甲磺酸存在下,化合物Ⅱ与苯酚经Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应以 72.4% 的收率合成了目标产物双酚 AF（Ⅲ）,总收率为 64.6%（以苯胺为基准计算）。     

Oxidative Methoxycarbonylation of Propyne and Allene with Carbon Monoxide and Methanol in the Presence of Copper-palladium Catalyst

A direct oxidative methoxycarbonylation of propyne with carbon monoxide in methanol medium in the presence of copper-palladium catalytic system results in methyl 2-butynoate in 18-31% yield. Depending on reaction conditions allene provides either a mixture of methyl 2-(chloromethyl)acrylate and methyl 2-(methoxymethyl)acrylate (3-4:1) in overall yield 16-23%, or methyl 2-(methoxymethyl)acrylate in 19% yield.     

通过Michaelis-Arbuzov重排合成新型

α-溴代-叔丁基甲基酮和3-取代2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧基氯化物与亚磷酸酯反应,生成膦酸酯,并描述了膦酸酯的溴化反应.     

Products of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with (C2H5O)2P(S)CH3 and (C2H5O)3PS

Products of the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with O,O-diethyl methylphosphonothioate [(C2H5O)2P(S)CH3, DEMPT] and O,O,O-triethyl phosphorothioate [(C2H5O)3PS, TEPT] have been investigated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure of air using in situ atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) and, for the TEPT reaction, gas chromatography and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Combined with products quantified previously by gas chromatography, the products observed were: from the DEMPT reaction, (C2H5O)2P(O)CH3 (21+/-4% yield) and C2H5OP(S)(CH3)OH or C2H5OP(O)(CH3)SH (presumed to be C2H5OP(O)(CH3)SH by analogy with the TEPT reaction); and from the TEPT reaction, (C2H5O)3PO (54-62% yield), SO2 (67+/-10% yield), CH3CHO (22-40% yield) and, tentatively, (C2H5O)2P(O)SH. The FT-IR analyses showed that the formation yields of HCHO, CO, CO2, peroxyacetyl nitrate [CH3C(O)OONO2], organic nitrates, and acetates from the TEPT reaction were <5%, 3+/-1%, <7%, <2%, 5+/-3%, and 3+/-2%, respectively. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.     

Photochemical and photophysical studies of guanine derivatives: intermediates contributing to its photodestruction mechanism in aqueous solution and the participation of the electron adduct

The low-intensity steady-state (254 nm), microsecond flash and nanosecond (266 nm) laser photolysis of some guanine (Gua) derivatives in aqueous solution were studied. A photodestruction yield between 10(-3) and 10(-2) at a base concentration of 75 microM was determined for 254 nm irradiation at room temperature using high-performance liquid chromatography. This yield decreases with increasing purine concentration. For a similar concentration of the purine bases (2 +/- 1) x 10(-5) M, the yield increases as follows: Gua approximately 9-ethylguanine < deoxyguanosine approximately guanosine (Guo) < guanosine 5'-monophosphate. At concentrations higher than 2 x 10(-4) M the Gua derivatives' photodestruction yield seems to converge to a limiting value of the order of 10(-4). This behavior is explained in terms of self-quenching and aggregation effects which deactivate the excited states of the bases. The yields of electron photoejection have been determined in the nanosecond laser photolysis (0.083) and in the low-intensity steady-state (5.8 x 10(-3)) for Guo. Competition experiments using electron scavengers suggest that the electron adducts of the bases are one of the principal species participating in the photodestruction mechanism of these monomeric Gua. Close to 75% of the total destruction yield has contributions from initial reactions of the photojected electron at neutral pH. The quantum yield of photodestruction of Guo increases when the pH is increased as follows: 4.7 x 10(-3) (pH 1.1), 6.5 x 10(-3) (pH 2.9), 7.7 x 10(-3) (pH 7.5) and 8.1 x 10(-3) (pH 11.9). This dependence on pH and the electron scavenger experiments provide further evidence for the radical anion or its protonated form as one of the principal species involved in the photodestruction of the bases at the different pH. Under oxygen saturated conditions a 22% increase in the destruction yield is observed for Guo. However, for the dinucleotides adenylyl (3'-->5')-guanosine and thymidylyl (3'-->5')2'-deoxyguanosine, the participation of the electron is 41 and 36%, respectively, suggesting that going into a more DNA or RNA-like structure, the participation of the electron adducts species in the photodamage of DNA and RNA decreases. A mechanism of photodestruction for the Gua derivatives is proposed which takes into account these findings.     

Effect of amino substituents on the stereochemical outcome of the photo-Arbuzov rearrangements of 1-arylethyl phosphorodiamidites

The essentially stereochemically pure 1-arylethyl phosphorodiamidites 8 and 9 were irradiated by UV light in acetonitrile, benzene, and cyclohexane (Tables 1-4). Reaction via singlet free-radical pairs, formed by carbon-oxygen bond scission (Scheme 1), which are somewhat longer lived than those from the analogous phosphites 5 and 6, is proposed. Tetramethyl 1-phenylethylphosphorodiamidite (8) gives the photo-Arbuzov rearrangement product 10 in 59% +/- 2% GC yield, based on percent 8 consumed (Tables 1 and 4), along with the free radical dimerization product 2,3-diphenylbutane, 12a, in in amounts corresponding to ca. 19% of the potentially formed 1-phenylethyl radicals. Similarly, from 9, the photorearrangement product 11 is generated in 64 +/- 4% yield (Tables 2 and 4) along with a 18 +/- 2% accountability of the 1-naphthylethyl radicals as 12b. The photorearrangement of stereochemically enriched 8 (R/S = 99:1) gives 10 in which an apparent 67 +/- 2% (100y, eq 3, Table 4) of the initial radical pairs [3,14] recombine with retention of configuration at the stereogenic carbon (34 +/- 3% net retention, eq 5). With TEMPO present, 70% (100y, eq 3) of the initial 1-phenylethyl radicals, 14, from 8 combine with radicals 3 in the solvent cage with retained configuration at carbon (40% percent net retention, eq 5). The yield of product 10 is reduced to 54%, and 12a is absent. Similarly, the five-membered ring naphthylethyl analogue, phosphorodiamidite 9 (R/S = 98:2), affords largely (R)-11 with apparent 34 +/- 3% net retention. The degree of stereorandomization observed in these systems is higher than was reported previously for phosphites 5 and 6. The neglect of reconversion of pro-S 14 to pro-R 14 on the results of these studies is addressed. Estimated maximum values (eq 4) of kcomb/krot (2.3) for the proximate radical pairs [3,14] from 8 with TEMPO present appear to be at least 6-fold smaller than those of the analogous phosphite (R)-5 (average kcomb/krot = 13 with TEMPO present). Possible origins for this effect are proposed.     

Studies on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Part IV. Further investigation of the pschorr reaction with some pyrazole derivatives

Thermal decomposition of the diazonium sulfate derived from N-methyl-(1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-yl)-2-aminobenzamide afforded products formulated as 1-phenyl-3-methyl[2]benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-5-one (yield 10%), 1,4-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin-5-one (yield 10%), N-methyl-(1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-yl)-2-hydroxybenzamide (yield 8%) and 4′-hydroxy-2,3′-dimethyl-1′-phenylspiro[isoindoline-1,5′-[2]-pyrazolin]-3-one (yield 20%). Decomposition of the diazonium sulfate derived from N-methyl-(1,3-diphenylpyrazol-5-yl)-2-aminobenzamide gave products formulated as 7,9-dimethyldibenzo[e,g]pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3]-diazocin-10-(9H)one (yield 8%), 4-methyl-1,3-diphenylpyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin-5-one (yield 7%) and 4′-hydroxy-2-methyl-1′,3′-diphenylspiro[isoindoline-1,5′-[2]pyrazolin]3-one (yield 10%). The spiro compounds 6a,b underwent thermal and acid-catalysed conversion into the hitherto unknown 2-benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole ring system 7a,b in good yield. Analytical and spectral data are presented which supported the structures proposed.     

Fluorinated pyridine derivatives: Part 1. The synthesis of some mono- and bis-quaternary pyridine salts of potential use in the treatment of nerve agent poisoning

Experiments were performed to determine whether F- and CF₃-substituted pyridines undergo quaternization with iodomethane (1:1 molar ratio in THF) and 1,3-diiodopropane (2:1 molar ratio in MeCN). 2-Fluoropyridine and 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine did not react with MeI even under prolonged reflux, while 3-fluoropyridine, 3,5-difluoropyridine, 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine and 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine gave methiodide salts in 28-72% yield. 2-Fluoropyridine did not react with I(CH₂)₃I, 3-fluoropyridine gave the bis-quaternary salt and 3,5-difluoropyridine yielded a mono-quaternary derivative. Both 3- and 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine furnished the bis-quaternary products in 53 and 55% yield, respectively. The bis-quaternary salts are potentially useful in the treatment of organophosphorus nerve agent poisoning.     

Reactions of methyl (E,Z)-2-(2-benzoyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-ethenyl)-amino-3-dimethylaminopropenoate with heteroarylhydrazines. 2-(2-Benzoyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-ethenyl)amino-3-heteroarylhydra-zonopropanoates and 1-heteroaryl-4-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpyrazoles

In the reaction of methyl (E,Z)-2-(2-benzoyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-ethenyl)amino-3-dimethylaminopro-penoate ( 1 ) with heteroarylhydrazines 2 in ethanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of hydrochloric acid two types of products were formed: methyl 2-(2-benzoyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-ethenyl)amino-3-heteroaryl-hydrazonopropanoates 4 in 73-86% yield and 1-heteroaryl-4-ethoxycarbony-3-phenylpyrazoles 5 in 5-16% yield.     

An Asymmetric Synthesis of L-694,458, a Human Leukocyte Elastase Inhibitor, via Novel Enzyme Resolution of beta-Lactam Esters

A convergent synthesis of [S-(R,S)]-2-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]phenoxy]-3,3-diethyl-N-[1-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]butyl]-4-oxo-1-azetidinecarboxamide (L-694,458, 1), a potent human leukocyte elastase inhibitor, was achieved via chiral synthesis of key intermediates: (S)-3,3-diethyl-4-[4'-[(N-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonylphenoxy]-2-azetidinone (2) and (R)-alpha-propylpiperonyl isocyanate (3). Synthesis of beta-lactam 2 was achieved by a novel enantioselective lipase hydrolysis of ester 5 to produce (S)-3,3-diethyl-4-(4'-carboxyphenoxy)-2-azetidinone (6) (60% yield, three cycles, 93% ee) with isolation, epimerization, and recycling of the undesired (R)-ester 5. Isocyanate 3 was prepared by chiral addition of Zn(n-Pr)(2) to piperonal (98% yield, 99.2% ee), azide displacement and reduction to (R)-alpha-propylpiperonylamine (11) (58% yield, 85% ee), crystallization as the D-pyroglutamic acid salt (92% yield, 98.2% ee), and isocyanate formation (98% yield) with phosgene.