环糊精—十二烷基硫酸钠胶束电动色谱分离光学异构体的模型及色谱…

建立了环糊精－十二烷基硫酸钠胶电动色谱中可电离及电中性－光学异构体的分离模型。通过计算机模拟预测了多种操作因素对手性分离可能产生的影响，并通过对丹磺酰化氨基酸琢十八甲基炔诺酮旋光导松体的分离对理论预测进行了验证。     

不同环糊精衍生物毛细管气相色谱柱对卤代甲苯位置异构体的分离

采用3种环糊精衍生物(全甲基β-环糊精;2,3-二-O-乙酰基-6-O-叔丁基二甲基硅烷基-β-环糊精;2,3-二-O-苄基-6-O-叔丁基二甲基硅烷基-β-环糊精)作固定相,研制了3根毛细管色谱柱。考察了柱效和柱极性等柱性能,比较了它们对卤代甲苯异构体的色谱分离效果。结果表明2,3-二-O-乙酰基-6-O-叔丁基二甲基硅烷基-β-环糊精毛细管气相色谱柱对氯甲苯异构体和溴甲苯异构体均有很好的分离性能。     

3种苄基取代的β—环糊精作为气相色谱固定相的研究

对３种苄基化β－环糊精固定相进行了研究，考察了它们的色谱性能及对各种位置异构体的分离，研究了柱温对保留行为的影响，并讨论了环糊精保留的机理。     

β-环糊精聚合物玻璃SCOT柱的研制

以环氧氯丙烷作交联剂合成了一种非水溶性的β－环糊精聚合物，用该聚合物作固定相研制成了柱效高、热稳定性好的玻璃ＳＣＯＴ柱，对丁醇异构体，二取代苯异构体，龙脑、异龙脑顺反异构体和旋光异构体进行了分离，取得令人满意的效果     

3种全烷基化β-环糊精作毛细管气相色谱固定相的研究

作者合成了3种全烷基化β-环糊精,并将其涂渍石英毛细管色谱柱分离位置异构体和光学异构体得到了良好的结果,其中全甲基化β-环糊精具有最好的选择性.     

甘氨酸衍生化β-环糊精键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的合成与评价

 β-环糊精键合硅胶经对甲苯磺酰化后,与甘氨酸反应得到甘氨酸衍生化β-环糊精键合硅胶固定相(GCDS)。考察了GCDS对位置异构体、丹磺酰化氨基酸异构体、苯丙酸类药物等的分离性能,研究了流动相中甲醇浓度、pH以及柱温对色谱保留行为的影响。     

高效液相色谱法分离双手性中心β-氨基酮旋光异构体

建立了使用AE. Lichrom AM 1手性色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)直接拆分含有双手性中心的β-氨基酮类化合物的4个旋光异构体的方法。考察了流动相的极性大小、洗脱方式及流速等因素对异构体拆分的影响,确定了分离β-氨基酮类化合物异构体的最佳分离条件: 流动相为正己烷/异丙醇,洗脱模式为二元高压梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL/min。在上述色谱条件下,完成了4种含双手性中心的β-氨基酮类化合物的4个旋光异构体的基线分离(Rs＞1.5)。结果表明该方法可快捷、简便地分离双手性中心β-氨基酮类化合物的4个旋光异构体。     

芳羧酸酯液晶和β—环糊精共混柱的气相色谱保留行为

对芳羧酸酯液晶和环糊精两种典型的特殊选择性相的混合毛细管柱的保留行为进行研究，测试了它们对苯的二元取代位置异构体的分离情况，并与纯液晶和环糊精单作了比较，发现混合固定相对苯的二元取代位置异构体的分离会出现明显的“协同效应”。     

一种五元杂环β-环糊精固定相的合成及气相色谱性能研究

制备了一种新的含多氮五元杂环类β-环糊精固定相2,6-二-O-甲基-3-O-亚甲基-[1-(1,2,4)-三唑基]-β-环糊精,对其气相色谱分离性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,杂环官能团的引入较大提高了该固定相的柱表面性能和色谱分离能力.不但对二甲苯、硝甲苯等难分离的芳香族位置异构体,而且对醇、胺、酯等多种类型的手性异构体均有很好的分离能力和手性选择能力.     

高效液相色谱手性固定相分离β-胸苷中的α-胸苷异构体

齐多夫定是最早经美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准上市的抗艾滋病药物。β-胸苷是齐多夫定的主要原料。作为一种存在立体异构体的化合物,伊胸苷中α-胸苷的含量直接关系到其后续合成药物的质量及药效。本文采用CHIDEX—SKP环糊精类手性固定相,建立了分离检测β-胸苷中α-胸苷异构体（结构见图1）的高效液相色谱方法,同时还研究了流动相组成和流速等因素对这对异构体分离的影响。     

Cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography for separation of norgestrel enantiomers

A simple method for the separation of highly hydrophobic neutral enantiomers by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chro-matography (MEKC) is presented and strongly supported by experiments. The separation depends on the ratio between the concentrations of cyclodextrin (CD) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micelles and there is an optimum value of the ratio for the separation of the enantiomers of norgestrel and 4-androstene-3,17-dione. At the optimum value of the ratio, obtained by adjusting the absolute concentrations of CD and SDS. The electrophoretic mobility difference between two enantiomers can be maintained nearly constant.     

用超分子化学观点研究毛细管电泳法拆分十八甲基炔诺酮

以超分子化学观点作ＨＰＣＥ手性选择剂的理论基础，研究ＨＰＣＥ法分离十八甲基炔诺酮对映体，讨论了操作条件对分离的影响，使十八甲基炔诺酮对映异构体达基线分离。     

Effects of partial/asymmetrical filling of micelles and chiral selectors on capillary electrophoresis enantiomeric separation: generation of a gradient

The effect of several experimental parameters on enantiomeric separations in micellar capillary electrophoresis (MCE) was studied. A model separation system was tested. It was composed of an acidic phosphate buffer with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) as the chiral selector. A substituted angelicin was used as a chiral analyte. Changes in the concentration of SDS micelles/SDS monomers in the presence of HP-beta-CD and their impact on the enantioselective separation were investigated. Variation of the composition of electrolytes in the individual compartments of the separation system (inlet vial, capillary, and outlet vial) affected both the migration times and the resolution of the enantiomers. Current vs. time dependencies also were monitored during the separations. A mathematical model of electromigration in micellar systems with chiral selector present was proposed and a computer simulation was used to explain the observed phenomena and to confirm the generation of a CD/SDS-micelle concentration gradient under certain experimental conditions. This is the reported first attempt of a computer simulation of the complex, dynamic chiral environment of the CD-SDS-MCE system.     

High-speed chiral separations on microchip electrophoresis devices

High-speed electrophoretic chiral separations have been successfully performed in a microfabricated device by employing cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD-MEKC). Utilizing short separation channels and relatively high field strengths in combination with small volume-defined injection plugs, and operating in counter-electroosmotic flow conditions, fast and efficient separations of fluorescein insothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled amino acid enantiomers were obtained. Analysis time ranged from 75 s for the most basic amino acids to 160 s for the most acidic ones with associated efficiencies from 7000 up to 28 000 effective plates (100 000 to 395 000 plates/m). Buffer parameters were varied in order to study the effect on chiral resolution. A buffer system consisting of 100 mM borate (pH 9.4), 30 mM of SDS, and 10 mM gamma-CD as chiral selector provided adequate resolution of the majority of FITC-amino acid enantiomers tested.     

Methodology for predicting the separation of proteins by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and its application to a cell extract

Ligand-exchange micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography was used for the chiral resolution of underivatized and dansyl amino acid enantiomers simultaneously. The separation was achieved by chiral copper(II)-L-valine complexes incorporated in micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The enantioresolution was strongly affected by SDS and a concentration of 20 mM SDS was shown to be necessary for the separation. Other impacting factors were investigated including pH, the molar ratio of copper(II) to L-valine and the total concentration of complex. Using the proposed method, 11 different dansyl amino acids and two underivatized amino acids were separated successfully with a running electrolyte of 20 mM NH4OAc, 4 mM CuSO4, 8 mM L-valine and 20 mM SDS at pH 9.0 in less than 25 min. Experiments were also performed with other amino acid ligands in order to vary the stability and the sterical arrangement of the copper(II) complexes and the possible chiral recognition mechanism was also discussed briefly.     

Separations of enantiomers by preparative capillary isotachophoresis.

The use of capillary isotachophoresis (ITP), operating in a discontinuous fractionation mode, for preparative separations of enantiomers of chiral compounds was studied. The ITP separations were carried out in the column-coupling configuration of the separation unit provided with the preseparation column of a 1.0 mm ID and the trapping column of a 0.8 mm ID. Such a configuration of the CE separation unit offers several working regimes suitable to preparative separations of enantiomers. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl-DL-norleucine (DNP-Norleu) was employed as a model analyte in our experiments with beta-cyclodextrin serving in the electrolyte solutions as a chiral selector. The preparative separations lasting about 20 min were evaluated by ITP and (more often) by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). It was found that one preparative run provided up to 14 microg of pure DNP-Norleu enantiomers. This corresponded to a 75 times higher production rate of ITP relative to a maximum value of this parameter as estimated for preparative CZE runs in cylindrical capillaries (0.5 pmol/s). About 75% of the DNP-Norleu enantiomers loaded into the preparative equipment could be recovered in pure enantiomer fractions. Contiguous natures of the zones in the ITP stack and adsorption losses of the enantiomers in the isolation step were found to set practical limits for a further enhancement of the recovery rates in the isolation of pure enantiomers.     

毛细管区带电泳法拆分匹伐他汀钙对映体

建立了匹伐他汀钙对映体的毛细管区带电泳(CZE)拆分方法。分别考察了电泳电压,缓冲溶液种类、浓度及pH值,环糊精种类及浓度,添加剂种类及浓度等参数对实验结果的影响,从而确定了匹伐他汀钙对映体的最佳拆分条件: 电泳电压为18 kV;运行缓冲溶液为80 mmol/L的Tris-HCl缓冲体系,pH值为3.20,其中含有50 mmol/L HP-β-CD(羟丙基-β-环糊精)和5 mmol/L SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠);采用重力进样,进样高度17 cm,进样时间为2 s。在优化的实验条件下,匹伐他汀钙对映体得到了较好的分离,分离度可达2.17。实验结果表明该方法可用于匹伐他汀钙对映体的分离,具有快速、便捷、准确性好等优点。     

Enantiomeric separation of glycidyl tosylate by CE: Application to the study of catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of allyl alcohol

A CE method using CDs as chiral selectors was developed and validated to achieve the separation of glycidyl tosylate enantiomers originated by in situ derivatization of glycidol enantiomers obtained in asymmetric epoxidation of allyl alcohol with chiral titanium‐tartrate complexes as catalysts. The effects of the nature, pH and concentration of the buffer, the nature and concentration of chiral selector, the addition of SDS, methanol, ethanol or 2‐propanol, the capillary temperature, the effective capillary length and the applied voltage on the chiral resolution of glycidyl tosylate enantiomers were investigated. The best separation conditions were achieved using a Tris‐borate buffer mixture (50 and 25 mM, respectively) at pH=9.3 with a dual CD system consisting of 2.5% succinyl‐β‐CD and 1.0% β‐CD w/v at 15°C. A baseline separation (resolution～2.0) of the glycidyl tosylate enantiomers was obtained in a relatively short time (less than 12 min). Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of linearity (r>0.99) and intermediate precision (RSD below 8.5%). The LOD and LOQ were 3.0 and 10.0 mg/L, respectively, and the recoveries ranged from 99.8 to 108.8%. Finally, the method was applied to the determination of the enantiomeric excess and the yield obtained in the asymmetric epoxidation of allyl alcohol employing chiral titanium‐tartrate complexes as catalysts after an in situ derivatization of glycidol enantiomers to glycidyl tosylate.     

Molecularly imprinted CEC sorbents: investigations into polymer preparation and electrolyte composition

The influence of the sorbent preparation protocol and separation parameters on the selectivity and chromatographic efficiency of super-porous molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) monoliths in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was studied. Chiral templates were employed and enantiomer separation and resolution were used as measures of imprint selectivity and column efficiency, respectively; the latter was in addition studied by chromatography of non-related aromatic structures. The polymer preparation was varied with respect to monomer composition in the pre-polymerisation mixture and also the use of single versus multiple template(s). The separation parameters investigated were type and content of organic solvent and surfactant modifier in the electrolyte. It was found that acetone and acetonitrile in buffer mixtures provided enantiomer separation of enantiomers of the template and also structural analogues; however, the degree of separation was greatly influenced by the content in the electrolyte. Three surfactants, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonolaurate (Tween 20), were examined as electrolyte modifiers. It was found that addition of SDS decreased and CTAB and Tween 20 increased the enantiomer separation. SDS and CTAB could be used up to 1 mM concentration whereas Tween could be used up to 90 mM concentration without causing baseline disturbances. The effects found and demonstrated strongly suggest that these parameters are to be considered during optimisation of an MIP-CEC system.     

Chiral separation of raltitrexed by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography

A rapid and effective method was developed for the chiral separation of raltitrexed (RD) enantiomers by carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD)-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Optimization of conditions including the type and concentration of the chiral selector, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), pH and concentration of the background electrolyte (BGE), capillary temperature, and applied voltage was investigated. The enantiomers of raltitrexed could be separated with satisfactory resolution and linear response by using 75 mM Tris-phosphate at pH 8.0 containing 30 mM SDS and 8 mM CM-β-CD as buffer system. Furthermore, the usefulness of this method was demonstrated in a purity test of a real synthetic drug sample. Figure Chiral separation of raltitrexed by CM-β-CD MEKC was optimized and applied to test the purity of a synthetic drug sample