Investigating asymptotic suction boundary layers using a one-dimensional stochastic turbulence model

The turbulent asymptotic suction boundary layer is studied using a one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model. ODT is a fully resolved, unsteady stochastic simulation technique. While flow properties reside on a one-dimensional domain, turbulent advection is represented using mapping events whose occurrences are governed by a random process. Due to its reduced spatial dimensionality, ODT achieves major cost reductions compared to three-dimensional (3D) simulations. A comparison to recent direct numerical simulation (DNS) data at moderate Reynolds number (Re = u_∞ / v₀ = 333, where u_∞ and v₀ are the free stream and suction velocity, respectively) suggests that the ODT model is capable of reproducing several velocity statistics, i.e. mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy budgets, while peak turbulent stresses are under-estimated by ODT. Variation of the Reynolds number in the range Re ∈ [333,400,500,1000] shows that ODT can reproduce various trends observed as a result of increased suction in turbulent asymptotic suction boundary layers, i.e. the reduction of Reynolds stresses and enhanced skin friction. While up to Re = 500 our results can be directly compared to recent LES data, the simulation at Re = 1000 is currently not feasible through full 3D simulations, hence ODT may assist the design of future DNS or LES simulations at larger Reynolds numbers.     

A priori assessment of the subgrid scale viscous/scalar dissipation closures in compressible turbulence

An appraisal is made of several subgrid scale (SGS) viscous/scalar dissipation closures via a priori analysis of direct numerical simulation data in a temporally evolving compressible mixing layer. The effects of the filter width, the compressibility level and the Schmidt number are studied for several models. Based on the scaling of SGS kinetic energy, a new formulation for SGS viscous dissipation is proposed. This yields the best overall prediction of the SGS viscous dissipation within the inertial subrange. An SGS scalar dissipation model based on the proportionality of the turbulent time scale with the scalar mixing time scale also performs the best for the filter widths in the inertial subrange. Two dynamic methods are implemented for the determination of the model coefficients. The one based on the global equilibrium of dissipation and production is shown to be more satisfactory than the conventional dynamic model.     

离心叶轮及无叶扩器内湍流的非结构化网格数值解法

利用非结构化网格上的有限体积法对三维湍流进行了数值研究,提出了不用求解单元顶点处变量值的二阶混合差分格式,既避免了复杂耗时的单元顶点处变量值的计算,又避免了普通差分格式在非结构化网格上易于引起网格界面方向相关性问题。最后利用非结构化网格计算程序,数值求解了一台离心风机内叶轮及无叶扩压器通道内三维相对定常湍流,计算结果与实验值的比较表明速度的计算值与实验值吻合较好。     

不可压反应流动直接模拟和亚网格模型的检验

本文用谱方法对三维槽道不可压湍流反应流动进行了直接模拟,用直接模拟数据对大涡模拟亚网格质量流和燃烧模型进行了检验,结果发现,引入壁面阻尼修正的模型与精确值的符合比较好.     

Origin of effectiveness degradation in active drag reduction control of turbulent channel flow at Reτ = 1000

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows are performed with opposition control at Re_τ = 180 and 1000. The drag reduction rate at the higher Reynolds number is reduced by 25% compared with that at the lower Reynolds number. In order to investigate the reason for the degradation of the control effectiveness, we examine the response of Reynolds stresses and coherent structures in both the outer and inner regions to the control and the role that large-scale motions play therein. In the outer region, the Reynolds stresses at different length scales are reduced at the same rate as the drag reduction rate, and conditionally averaged large-scale motions with spanwise scale larger than half channel width are still large-scale low-speed streaks flanked by a pair of large-scale counter-rotating streamwise vortices but with reduced velocity amplitudes. In the inner region, the effectiveness of the control in suppressing the turbulence deteriorates at the higher Reynolds number. In response to the superimposition effect of large-scale motions, the contribution to near-wall wall-parallel velocity fluctuations from large-scale motions becomes larger at the higher Reynolds number, while the suppression of large-scale motions by the control is weaker than that of near-wall coherent structures. In both controlled and uncontrolled cases, large-scale motions can modulate the amplitudes of near-wall coherent structures, and the attenuation of streamwise vortices by the control under large-scale high-speed streaks is significantly less effective than that under large-scale low-speed streaks. As a result, the effectiveness of control in suppressing near-wall coherent structures and Reynolds shear stresses becomes weaker at the higher Reynolds number. The quantitative analysis of the contributions to the drag reduction rate from outer and inner regions shows that the effectiveness of the control is mainly determined by the suppression degree of near-wall motions. Furthermore, budgets of streamwise enstrophy are analysed to reveal the interaction of large-scale motions with near-wall streamwise vorticity. The titling effect induced by large-scale motions is positive under large-scale high-speed streaks, but negative under large-scale low-speed streaks, which could be a possible way of large-scale motion to modulate streamwise vorticity. In the controlled cases, the positive titling effect induced by large-scale motions under large-scale high-speed streaks is even enhanced, while other terms in the budgets are reduced, which could explain the degradation of control effectiveness in suppressing near-wall streamwise vortices under large-scale high-speed streaks. Therefore, the loss in the drag reduction rate at the higher Reynolds number is due to the weakened control effectiveness on near-wall coherent structures, which are exposed to the modulation effect of large-scale motions.     

Estimation and prediction of the roughness function on realistic surfaces

Large-eddy simulations are carried out in turbulent open-channel flows to determine the roughness function and the equivalent sand-grain roughness height, k_s, over sand-grain roughness and different types of realistic roughness replicated from hydraulic turbine blades. A range of Reynolds numbers and mean roughness heights is chosen, leading to both transitionally and fully rough regimes. The start of the fully rough regime is shown to depend on the roughness type, and k_s depends strongly on the surface topography. We then examine several existing correlations that predict k_s based on the information of the surface geometry. In the cases where the surface slope is an important parameter, the moments of surface height statistics do not predict the roughness function, while the existing forms of slope-based correlations perform well. The range of applicability of various correlations is shown to vary with the roughness topography, as the critical value of the effective slope, separating the waviness and roughness regimes, is shown to be higher for a realistic surface, compared to the value for the more regular types of roughness that were previously studied.     

双侧进气突扩燃烧室中三维湍流有施回流两相流动的数值模拟

双侧进气突扩燃烧室中三维湍流有施回流两相流动的数值模拟周力行，林文漪，廖昌明（清华大学工程力学系北京１０００８４）关键词：湍流两相流，数值模拟为提高整体式冲压发动机双侧进气突扩燃烧室火焰稳定能力，我们提出了进气管内装设有切向导角的中心管。流场显示及Ｌ...     

Topological evolution near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in turbulent mixing layer

The topological evolution near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) in turbulent mixing layer is studied by means of statistical analysis of the invariants of velocity gradient tensor (VGT) based on direct numerical simulation data. The dynamics of topological evolution is investigated in terms of the source terms of the evolution equations for the invariants, including the pressure effect term, viscous effect term and interaction term among the invariants. It is found that the local topology of fluid particles at the TNTI evolves from non-focal region to focal region in the plane of the second (Q) and the third (R) invariants of the VGT. The topological evolution is mainly associated with the pressure effect term in the TNTI region. According to the analysis of the evolution of enstrophy and dissipation, the enstrophy increase and the dissipation decrease are revealed in the TNTI region, which are caused by viscous vorticity diffusion near the TNTI. A weak correlation between the strain rate and the rotation rate is found in the TNTI region which is related to the reduction of enstrophy production. The alignments between vorticity and strain near the TNTI are investigated and a strong alignment of the vorticity with the extensive eigenvector direction is identified in the TNTI region.     

超音速过流串联双空腔流场的DNS研究

本文采用直接模拟方法对超音速气流过流串联双空腔的流场进行研究,并与单空腔模型对照,分析了马赫数分别为1.5和2.5时双空腔之间的相互作用.结果 显示空腔剪切层振荡对全场流动的控制作用,上游空腔对下游空腔中剪切层的运动有加强的趋势,它同时还可降低下游空腔壁面上的声压级;而下游空腔对上游空腔的影响则很微弱.串联双空腔产生的...     

Assessment of subgrid-scale stress statistics in non-premixed turbulent wall-jet flames

We investigate the heat-release effects on the characteristics of the subgrid-scale (SGS) stress tensor and SGS dissipation of kinetic energy and enstrophy. Direct numerical simulation data of a non-premixed reacting turbulent wall-jet flow with and without substantial heat release is employed for the analysis. This study comprises, among others, an analysis of the eigenvalues of the resolved strain rate and SGS stress tensors, to identify the heat-release effects on their topology. An assessment of the alignment between the eigenvectors corresponding to the largest eigenvalues of these two tensors is also given to provide further information for modelling of the SGS stress tensor. To find out the heat-release effects on the dynamics of the turbulent kinetic energy and enstrophy dissipation, probability density functions (PDFs) and mean values are analysed. The mean SGS shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy both slightly increase in the buffer layer and substantially decrease further away from the wall, due to the heat-release effects. Contrary to the kinetic energy, heat release decreases the mean SGS dissipation of enstrophy in the near-wall region. Moreover, differences in the shapes of the PDFs between the isothermal and exothermic cases indicate changes in the intermittency level of both SGS dissipations. Heat release also increases the SGS stress anisotropy in the near-wall region. Although, the structure of the mean resolved strain-rate tensor only marginally differs between the isothermal and exothermic cases in the near-wall region, substantial differences are observed in the jet area, where compressibility effects are important and heat-release effects are found to promote compression states. The differences in the relative alignment between the SGS stress and resolved strain-rate tensors in the isothermal and exothermic cases are discussed in connection with the differences in the SGS dissipation of kinetic energy.     

Evolution of the vortex structures and turbulent spots at the late-stage of transitional boundary layers

The nonlinear evolution process of new vortex structures at the late-stage of the transition, including the 3-D spatial structure of barrel-shaped vortex and dark spots structure observed by experiment research, has been confirmed by our computational results. The formation mechanisms of these structures have been explored. It is revealed that the new vortex structures, the ring-like vortex chain and induced disturbance velocities play a dominant role in the generation of turbulent spots.     

Cumulative compressibility effects on slow reactive dynamics in turbulent flows

Reactions in turbulent flows, chemical reactions or combustion, are common. Typically reaction time scales are much shorter than turbulence timescales. In biological applications, as it is the case for bacterial and plankton populations living under the influence of currents in oceans and lakes, the typical lifetime can be long and thus can fall well within the inertial range of turbulence time scales. Under these conditions, turbulent transport interacts in a very complex way with the dynamics of growth and death of the individuals in the population. In the present paper, we quantitatively investigate the effect of the flow compressibility on the dynamics of populations. Small effective compressibility can be induced by several physical mechanisms, such as, e.g., by the density mismatch, by a small but finite size of microorganisms, and by gyrotaxis (an interaction between swimming and shear). We report, for the first time, how even a tiny effective compressibility can produce a dramatically large effect on global quantities like the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. We interpret our findings by means of a cumulative effect made possible by the long replication times of the organisms with respect to turbulence time scales. A statistical quantification of the fluctuations of population concentration is presented.