CO2在金属有机骨架材料有机链上的吸附机理研究

金属有机骨架是一种新型的温室气体CO₂吸附材料。本文采用密度泛函理论（DFT）方法研究CO₂在MOF-5有机链上的6种不同吸附位置及其3种不同构型下的吸附行为。考虑GGA水平下三种不同泛函对计算结果的影响,对比发现GGA/PW91泛函能够较好地计算CO₂分子与有机链原子之间的弱范德华力;发现CO₂分子与苯环边相交以及与苯环上的碳原子平行是两种吸附能最大的构型;利用Br原子替代苯环上的H原子可以显著增强对CO₂分子的吸附能力,为设计具有较高CO₂吸附能力的MOFs材料提供理论依据。     

锰基金属有机框架材料{[Mn2(ina)4(H2O)2]·2EtOH}n的电子结构、磁性和吸附性能的理论研究

本文采用密度泛函理论研究了锰基金属有机框架(MOF)材料{[Mn2(ina)4(H2O)2]·2EtOH}n的电子性质, 磁学性质及吸附二氧化碳的性能,结果表明: 该MOF材料是一种反铁磁耦合材料, 其高的CO2结合亲和力主要归因于CO2 (作为Lewis碱的氧孤对电子)到不饱和金属位点(Lewis酸)的较高电荷转移。本文也对实验中报道的对CO2/N2烟气混合物有高选择性CO2吸附能力进行了验证,理论计算值与实验值有着很好的一致性。     

PNL分子在正、负电性纳米银上的吸附取向

制备了两种不同电性的纳米银粒子的脉体,发现当邻菲罗啉分子分别吸附在这两种纳米银上时,其表面增强喇曼谱有明显的不同.在正电性纳米银上,面外弯曲模式受到增强,而在负电性纳米银上,面内伸缩模式受到增强,通过分析增强谱的差异表明,分子在这两种不同电性胶态纳米银表面上可能分别以平躺及站立方式吸附.     

新型多共轭链有机分子双光子吸收特性的理论研究

在密度泛函理论水平上,利用解析响应函数方法研究了以（4-{2-［4-（2-吡啶-4-乙烯基）-苯基］-乙烯基}-苯基）-胺为基本结构单元的单支、双支和三支共轭链有机分子的单光子和双光子吸收特性.计算结果表明,这三种有机分子都具有较大的线性和非线性吸收强度.在紫外-可见光区域,它们的单光子吸收谱都存在两个峰,这与实验结果符合较好.在近红外区域,多共轭链有机分子呈现出宽达300 nm的宽带双光子吸收,单支、双支和三支分子的最大双光子吸收截面比约为1.0∶2.3∶4.0,其中三支分子具有最大的双光子吸收截面101.73×10^-48 cm⁴·s.从理论上进一步证实,增加分子的共轭链可有效提高分子的双光子吸收特性.同时还给出了电荷转移态的电荷迁移过程. 关键词： 双光子吸收 响应函数方法 多共轭链有机分子     

碱性品红分子在正、负电性纳米银上的吸附取向

制备了两种不同电性的纳米银粒子的胶体,发现当碱性品红分子分别吸附的在这两种纳米银上时,其表面增强拉曼谱在谱线的强度及谱线数目上均有有明显的不同。在正电性纳米银上,主要是面内模式得到增强,且碱性品红特征峰的强度是I1589>I1524>I1371。而在负电性纳米银上,面内伸缩模式及面外弯曲模式均得到增强,且碱性品红特征峰的强度是I1588<I1520=I1371,通过分析增强谱的差异表明,分子在这两种不同电性胶态纳米银表面上可能分别以垂直及倾斜方式吸附。     

硫化氢在金属-有机骨架材料中吸附与分离的计算模拟

采用优化的DREIDING力场参数,通过巨正则系综蒙特卡洛(GCMC)模拟方法对天然气中的两种气体CH_4和H_2S在Cu_6(BTTC)_4(H_2O)_6·x S(1)和[(CH_3)_2NH_2]_3[(Cu_4Cl)_3(BTTC)_8]·yS(2)两种金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料中的吸附与分离性能进行了比较研究.结果证明了聚合物2的吸附量和分离性能相比之下高于聚合物1,且两种材料的吸附机理存在差异.聚合物1中金属Cu和有机基团对于吸附两种气体没有明显的作用,主要分布在小孔道和大孔道;然而聚合物2中的H_2S和CH_4主要吸附在有机基团、金属Cu和-Cl基团周围.则含有-Cl基团的聚合物2展现了优越的吸附能力和稳定性.总而言之,本文获得的结果可以应用于此类研究领域,因此在环境范围中吸附去除污染物可以产生更深层次定性和定量的作用.     

一种在室温下具有强磁介电耦合的钙钛矿型金属有机框架介电材料

磁电耦合材料在下一代存储器件中具有巨大的潜在应用, 其中钙钛矿型多铁性金属有机框架材料因其易于实现对磁性和电性的调控而受到广泛关注. 在这项工作中, 我们将Cr2+ 引入到[NH4 ][Mn(HCOO)3 ]晶体框架中. 当Cr2+ 掺杂比例为2.38%时, 铁电有序温度从零掺杂的231 K 上升到270 K, 在外加5 T 磁场作用下, 其铁电有序温度从零场的270 K 提高到296 K, 磁介电系数达到154%, 金属有机框架表现出明显的磁介电效应. 这个结果表明, 引入Cr2+ 离子作为晶体结构的构建块, 是合成具有较高磁介电耦合效应材料的一种可行性方法.     

硫化氢在金属-有机骨架材料中吸附与分离的计算模拟

摘 要: 采用优化的DREIDING力场参数,通过巨正则系综蒙特卡洛(GCMC)模拟方法对天然气中的两种气体CH4和H2S在Cu6(BTTC)4(H2O)6·xS (1)和[(CH3)2NH2]3[(Cu4Cl)3(BTTC)8]·yS (2)两种金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料中的吸附与分离性能进行了比较研究.结果证明了聚合物2的吸附量和分离性能相比之下高于聚合物1,且两种材料的吸附机理存在差异,聚合物1中金属Cu和有机基团对于吸附两种气体没有明显的作用,主要分布在小孔道和大孔道;然而聚合物2中H2S和CH4主要吸附在有机基团、金属Cu和-Cl基团周围.则含有-Cl基团的聚合物2展现了优越的吸附能力和稳定性.总而言之,本文获得的结果可以应用于此类研究领域,因此在环境范围中吸附去除污染物可以产生更深层次定性和定量的作用.     

超亲水性金属有机框架膜对油水混合物的高效分离及传质机理

化工废水大量排放和漏油、溢油事故频发对环境保护和生态平衡造成巨大的影响。本文提出了一种简单、节能、环保友好的金属有机框架膜制备方法用于油水分离。采用电化学方法在铜网上沉积金属有机框架材料获得超亲水性膜(Cu-CAT-1@铜网)。在重力驱动下,Cu-CAT-1@铜网膜能快速分离各种油/水混合物,分离效率大于95.0%,水通量大于112 kL·m^-2·h^-1。其分离性能高于大部分报道的铜网基底膜,并具有良好的重复性和可回收性。该膜传质机理主要基于Cu-CAT-1的超亲水性和水下超疏油性达到高效分离含油污水。     

基于金属有机框架材料制备Ag-CoSO4复合纳米材料及其在碱性电催化析氧反应的应用研究

本文以Co-BTC金属有机框架材料为前驱体,采用连续离子交换法和进一步的高温水热处理来合成片状Ag-CoSO₄复合纳米材料. 由于少量Ag的引入有利于增强导电性并加速电子转移过程,该催化剂在1 mol/L KOH电解质溶液中表现出优异的OER性能(在10 mA/cm²的电流密度下过电位仅为282 mV),其性能甚至比RuO₂更好. 催化剂中Ag的存在有利于促进Co(IV)的产生进而提高Co(IV)浓度,并且能够调控对氧物种的吸附能而促进OER过程^*OOH中间物质的形成,加速了析氧反应过程的进行. 极低含量Ag的使用(低于百分之一原子含量)使得催化剂的成本极大的降低.     

Theoretical study on adsorption properties of methyl methacrylate and its molecular chain within metal‐organic frameworks

Utilizing metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as a “polymerization container” is a very effective method to prepare oriented and therefore birefringent polymer materials. In particular, the adsorption of polymer monomers and molecular chains within MOFs has a profound impact on the orientation of polymer chains. In this work, a theoretical study on the adsorption properties of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and its molecular chain within MOFs has been conducted by employing a combination of molecular dynamics, density functional theory, and Monte Carlo method, where 2 MOFs, [Zn₂(1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate)₂triethylenediamine]_n and [Zn₂(4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylate)₂triethylenediamine]_n, were chosen. The corresponding number and degree of orientation of adsorbed molecules in these 2 MOFs were obtained from the simulations. The calculation results revealed 3 factors that affect the adsorption and orientation of MMA monomers in MOF pore channels. First, as the walls of the MOF pores are polar surfaces and consist of metal ions and organic ligands, the electrostatic interaction between the MOF channels and polar MMA molecules promotes the adsorption and orientation of the MMA monomers within the pore channel. Second, the electrostatic interactions between monomers can reduce the intermolecular gaps, which similarly assist in their orientation. Last, the relative sizes of the MOF pores and the monomers are also relevant. When the sizes of the MOF channels and monomers are similar, the molecular chains show a higher degree of orientation. The results and the findings of this work could provide predictive methods for selecting polymeric monomers or MOFs that may be ideal for the control of polymer chain orientation.     

Microstructure,Rheology, and Potential Oil Absorbency of Poly(Butyl Methacrylate) and Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Blends

To prepare oil-absorptive polymers with moderate cross-linking structure, poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) was synthesized as a linear hydrophobic polymer by suspension polymerization. In addition, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), as a monomer, which could construct a network structure among the macromolecules via hydrogen bond interactions, was solution polymerized in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) with PBMA, yielding a polymer blend of PBMA and PHEMA. The solution of the polymer blend was investigated by rotational viscometry and extended rheometry. The results showed that the viscosity varied greatly with the temperature and shear rate for three different compositions. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that an entanglement or interlocking cross-linking structure of molecular chains was constructed by hydrogen bonds. The results from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra exhibited a downfield movement of the proton peak as influenced by end groups or hydroxyls in the polymer chains. The rheological measurements demonstrated that the cross-linking structure greatly affected the rheological behavior of the blend solution. In addition, the cross-linking structure was also evaluated by oil absorbency of films.     

官能团及修饰位点对金属有机骨架化合物（MOFs）CO2/CH4分离性能的影响：蒙特卡洛模拟研究

In order to explore the in uence of modification sites of functional groups on landfill gas (CO₂/CH₄) separation performance of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), six types of organic linkers and three types of functional groups (i.e. -F, -NH₂, -CH₃) were used to construct 36 MOFs of pcu topology based on copper paddlewheel. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were performed in this work to evaluate the separation performance of MOFs at low (vacuum swing adsorption) and high (pressure swing adsorption) pressures, respectively. Simulation results demonstrated that CO₂ working capacity of the unfunctionalized MOFs generally exhibits pore-size dependence at 1 bar, which increases with the decrease in pore sizes. It was also found that -NH₂ functionalized MOFs exhibit the highest CO₂ uptake due to the enhanced Coulombic interactions between the polar -NH₂ groups and the quadrupole moment of CO₂ molecules, which is followed by -CH₃ and -F functionalized ones. Moreover, positioning the functional groups -NH₂ and -CH₃ at sites far from the metal node (site b) exhibits more significant enhancement on CO₂/CH₄ separation performance compared to that adjacent to the metal node (site a).     

超临界CO2在金属铀表面吸附的理论研究

依据实验数据,假定CO2在金属铀表面吸附氧化初期形成的吸附中间体为UCO2.根据密度泛函理论(DFT)的Becke3lyp方法计算得UCO2(C2v构型)分子的5A1态能量最低,这与用原子分子反应静力学与群论确定UCO2的基电子状态为5A1的结果一致.计算表明,CO2在金属铀表面的吸附是放热反应,其吸附量随着温度的升高而不断减少,其吸附热在1 atm下为51.68 kJ.mol-1,该值大于40 kJ.mol-1,故CO2在金属铀表面的吸附是化学吸附.     

TiC-和TiN-(001)表面吸附性能的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论系统研究了碳化钛(TiC)和氮化钛(TiN)非极性(001)表面吸附气体分子和原子的性能。鉴于这些材料拥有不同的电子结构特征,发现受电子的CO分子或未饱和的O和H原子在TiC(001)和TiN(001)表面吸附于不同的活性位点,而供电子的NH3和H2O气体分子或完全饱和的O2和H2分子仅倾向与两个表面的金属原子位点结合。这些吸附特性可能与此类材料表面的电子结构有关。     

Correlation between adsorption and thermal properties of lanthanide(III) dinicotinates

Structural and thermal properties of the two isostructural lanthanide metal-organic frameworks: [Er₂(pdc)₃(dmf)₂]·dmf (1) and [Tm₂(pdc)₃(dmf)₂]·dmf (2) where pdc = C₅H₃N(COO)₂²⁻ and dmf = N,N′-dimethylformamide, have been investigated. They are characterized by the BET surface area of 302 and 101 m²/g for 1 and 2, respectively. This paper deals with the influence of activation conditions on sorption properties of the investigated complexes. Thermal investigations of as-made and activated complexes point to their entirely different thermal decompositions.     

Theoretical study on adsorption of thiophenethiolate molecule on Au(1 1 1) surface

We have theoretically studied the adsorption of a thiophenethiolate (C₄H₃S-S) molecule on the Au(1 1 1) surface by first-principles calculations. It is found that the bridge site is the most stable adsorption site with the adsorption energy of 1.02 eV. In the optimized adsorption geometry, the bond between the head S atom and the connected C atom in the tail thiophene molecule is tilted by 57.2° from the surface normal. In addition, the adsorption of thiophenethiolate induces large relaxations of the surface Au atoms around it. Furthermore, weak interactions between the S atom in the tail thiophene ring and the Au atoms also contribute to the adsorption on the Au surface.     

Theoretical study of molecular hydrogen and spiltover hydrogen storage on two-dimensional covalent-organic frameworks

Molecular hydrogen and spiltover hydrogen storages on five two-dimensional （2D） covalent-organic frameworks （COFs） （PPy-COF, TP-COF, BTP-COF, COF-18 A, and HHTP-DPB COF） are investigated using the grand canonical Monte Carlo （GCMC） simulations and the density functional theory （DFT）, respectively. The GCMC simulated results show that HHTP-DPB COF has the best performance for hydrogen storage, followed by BTP-COF, TP-COF, COF-18 A, and PPy-COE However, their adsorption amounts at room temperature are all too low to meet the uptake target set by US Department of Energy （US-DOE） and enable practical applications. The effects of pore size, surface area, and isosteric heat of hydrogen on adsorption amount are considered, which indicate that these three factors are all the important factors for determining the H2 adsorption amount. The chemisorptions of spiltover hydrogen atoms on these five COFs represented by the cluster models are investigated using the DFT method. The saturation cluster models are constructed by considering all possible adsorption sites for these cluster models. The average binding energy of a hydrogen atom and the saturation hydrogen storage density are calculated. The large average binding energy indicates that the spillover process may pro- ceed smoothly and reversibly. The saturation hydrogen storage density is much larger than the physisorption uptake of H2 molecules at 298 K and 100 bar （1 bar = 105 Pa）, and is close to or exceeds the 2010 US-DOE target of 6 wt% for hydrogen storage. This suggests that the hydrogen storage capacities of these COFs by spillover may be significantly enhanced. Thus 2D COFs studied in this paper are suitable hydrogen storage media by spillover.     

水分子在Yn (n=2-8)团簇表面的分子吸附与解离吸附

运用密度泛函理论,对H2O在Yn (n=2-8) 团簇表面的分子吸附与解离吸附两种模式进行了结构优化,电子性质分析。结果表明：分子吸附中H2O倾向于O端吸附于Y-Y原子桥位,而解离吸附中H2O解离的H, O原子倾向于吸附于Yn团簇的面位。两种吸附模式都导致了（解离吸附n=4, 5除外）主团簇Y原子平均键长增大。分子吸附和解离吸附的吸附强度和化学活性都随尺寸增加而增大。解离吸附中体系的稳定性明显高于分子吸附,且与体系的电子壳层效应密切相关。     

水分子在Yn (n=2-8)团簇表面的分子吸附与解离吸附

运用密度泛函理论,对H2O在Yn (n=2-8) 团簇表面的分子吸附与解离吸附两种模式进行了结构优化,电子性质分析。结果表明：分子吸附中H2O倾向于O端吸附于Y-Y原子桥位,而解离吸附中H2O解离的H, O原子倾向于吸附于Yn团簇的面位。两种吸附模式都导致了（解离吸附n=4, 5除外）主团簇Y原子平均键长增大。分子吸附和解离吸附的吸附强度和化学活性都随尺寸增加而增大。解离吸附中体系的稳定性明显高于分子吸附,且与体系的电子壳层效应密切相关。