静脉血流动力学模型基本波的相互作用北大核心CSCD

静脉系统是心血管系统的重要组成部分.脉搏波在血液流动中有着突出的重要性.本文主要研究静脉血流动力学模型基本波的相互作用.血流动力学模型是2×2严格双曲型方程组,其基本波包括疏散波和激波,属于血液流动中的脉搏波.基本波相互作用后血管截面面积和血流速度发生相应的变化.     

位势流方程初等波的相互作用

讨论了空气动力学中不定常位势流方程初等波的相互作用.在初等波强度充分弱的假定之下,对于单波与单波、单波与激波、激波与激波相互作用的各种情形都给出了解的构造。从而获得了二阶位势流方程弱初等波相互作用的完整结果。     

血液流动模拟方法对比分析

对现有主要血液流动模拟方法进行了对比研究.以单个直血管为研究对象,分别用牛顿单相流模型、非牛顿单相流模型、液固两相流剪切稀化模型、液固两相流颗粒动力学模型和血液两相流修正模型计算了血液流场,然后对比了五种模型模拟得到的血液动力学参数:血液流速、红细胞体积分数、流体粘度和壁面剪切应力.结果表明:血液组成和粘度方程的选择对血液速度场计算结果有明显影响;流体本构方程和升力公式对壁面剪切应力计算结果均有明显影响;液固两相流颗粒动力学模型计算得到的血液粘度远偏离正常的血液粘度,模型不适用于模拟稳态血液流动;血液两相流修正模型可以较准确模拟红细胞在血管内的径向分布及其影响.研究结果可为今后相关研究中血液模拟方法的选择提供指导.     

位势流方程同类激波与单波的相互作用

本文讨论了空气动力学中，不定常位势流同类激波与单波的相互作用在初等波充分弱的假定下，对同类激波与甲波相互作用时单波与激波互相穿透（若入射单波在激波的超音速一侧）或单波被激波反射（若入射单波在激波的亚音速一侧）的情形给出了解的存在性，并对它们相互作用后的（出射）单波的膨涨或压缩性，进行了详细的讨论；从而获得了二维位势流方程同类激波与单波相互作用的完整的结果．     

压差方程Chapman-Jouguet燃烧模型爆轰波与激波的相互作用

研究了气体动力学压差方程Chapman-Jouguet(CJ)燃烧模型爆轰波与激波的相互作用.给出了该CJ燃烧模型的几类基本波线:激波线、疏散波线、强爆轰波线和CJ爆轰波线.通过研究该CJ燃烧模型的初值为三片常状态的一类初值问题,并利用相平面分析的方法构造出该问题的整体分片光滑解,得到了压差方程CJ燃烧模型爆轰波与激波相互作用的结果.进一步地,得到了对应燃烧Riemann问题解的初值扰动稳定性.     

绝热流Chaplygin气体的Riemann问题

本文研究了绝热流Chaplygin气体动力学方程组,利用特征分析方法,在得到所有基本波的基础上,构造出Riemann问题的所有解.Riemann解由前向疏散波(激波)、后向疏散波(激波)、接触间断以及δ波构成.     

论跨声速流函数计算中的人工粘性

从气体动力学基本方程组出发,根据数值计算方法的理论,分析了近年来在跨声速流动计算中广泛使用的人工密度法,指出流函数计算中采用人工密度法,理论上是有问题的,进而提出一种正确的人工粘性表达式。数值计算表明,它扩大了流函数方法可计算的Mach数范围,使激波位置接近于实验结果。     

二维零压气体动力学系统的黎曼问题-3J情形

研究二维零压气体动力学系统带有三片常数的黎曼问题.对外波为3J的情形,借助特征分析方法,通过研究基本波的相互作用,构造了两种不同的显式解结构,一种出现了δ-激波,另一种则包含一个三角形真空区域.     

一种计算超声速流中由湍流剪切层脉动引起的激波振荡频率的方法

在超声速或高超声速绕流中,一种很严重的脉动压力环境是由激波边界层相互作用引起的激波振荡.这种高强度的振荡激波可能诱发结构共振.因这一现象非常复杂,已发表的文章都采用经验或半经验方法.本文首次从基本流体动力学方程出发,给出了由湍流剪切层引起的激波振荡频率的理论解,得到了振荡频率随气流Mach数M_∞和压缩折转角θ的变化规律,计算结果与实验值是相符的.本文为激波振荡导致的气动弹性问题提供了一种有价值的理论方法.     

一维相对论Euler方程组活塞问题激波解的整体存在性

研究等熵流相对论Euler方程组的一维活塞问题,证明了当活塞速度是一个常数的扰动时其激波解的整体存在性.通过采用改进的Glimm格式构造问题的近似解,然后对基本波的相互作用作出精确的估计,最后构造Glimm泛函并证明其单调性.     

The Riemann Problem for Chaplygin Gas Flow in a Duct with Discontinuous Cross-Section

The fluid flows in a variable cross-section duct are nonconservative because of the source term. Recently, the Riemann problem and the interactions of the elementary waves for the compressible isentropic gas in a variable cross-section duct were studied. In this paper, the Riemann problem for Chaplygin gas flow in a duct with discontinuous cross-section is studied. The elementary waves include rarefaction waves, shock waves, delta waves and stationary waves.     

Wave interactions and stability of the Riemann solutions for a scalar conservation law with a discontinuous flux function

This paper is devoted to studying the interactions of elementary waves for a model of a scalar conservation law with a flux function involving discontinuous coefficients. In order to cover all the situations completely, we take the initial data as three piecewise constant states and the middle region is regarded as the perturbed region with small distance. It is proved that the Riemann solutions are stable under the local small perturbations of the Riemann initial data by letting the perturbed parameter tend to zero. The proof is based on the detailed analysis of the interactions of stationary wave discontinuities with shock waves and rarefaction waves. Moreover, the global structures and large time asymptotic behaviors of the solutions are constructed and analyzed case by case.     

Periodic Travelling Waves and Compactons in Granular Chains

We study the propagation of an unusual type of periodic travelling waves in chains of identical beads interacting via Hertz’s contact forces. Each bead periodically undergoes a compression phase followed by free flight, due to special properties of Hertzian interactions (fully nonlinear under compression and vanishing in the absence of contact). We prove the existence of such waves close to binary oscillations, and numerically continue these solutions when their wavelength is increased. In the long wave limit, we observe their convergence towards shock profiles consisting of small compression regions close to solitary waves, alternating with large domains of free flight where bead velocities are small. We give formal arguments to justify this asymptotic behavior, using a matching technique and previous results concerning solitary wave solutions. The numerical finding of such waves implies the existence of compactons, i.e. compactly supported compression waves propagating at a constant velocity, depending on the amplitude and width of the wave. The beads are stationary and separated by equal gaps outside the wave, and each bead reached by the wave is shifted by a finite distance during a finite time interval. Below a critical wave number, we observe fast instabilities of the periodic travelling waves, leading to a disordered regime.     

Interactions of delta shock waves and stability of Riemann solutions for nonlinear chromatography equations

This paper is devoted to studying the simplified nonlinear chromatography equations by introducing the change of state variables. The Riemann solutions containing delta shock waves are presented. In order to study wave interactions of delta shock waves with elementary waves, the global structure of solutions is constructed completely when the initial data are taken as three pieces of constants and the delta shock waves are included. In particular, the strength of delta shock wave is expressed explicitly and the delta contact discontinuity is discovered during the process of wave interactions. Moreover, by analyzing the limits of the solutions as the middle region vanishes, we observe that the Riemann solutions are stable for such a local small perturbation of the Riemann initial data.     

Some Perturbation Problems on 2x2 Nonlinear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

We study in this paper the perturbation of elementary waves with interactions: overtaking of shock waves belonging to the same characteristic family and penetrating of a shock wave and a rarefaction wave belonging to the different characteristic family for 2 × 2 genuinely nonlinear strictly hyperbolic conservation laws. The entropy solutions for the perturbed problems are obtained by the Glimm's scheme.     

Interaction of elementary waves for equations of potential flow

Interaction of elementary waves for equations of unsteady potential flow in gas dynamics is considered. Under the assumptions on weakness of strength of the elementary waves the structure of solutions has been given in various cases of interaction of simple wave with shock, or interaction between simple waves or shocks. Hence the complete results on interaction of weak elementary waves for second-order equation of potential flow are obtained. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the State Education Commission of China.     

The Bifurcation Phenomenon for Scalar Conservation Laws with Discontinuous Flux Functions

This paper is devoted to study the bifurcation phenomenon for scalar conservation laws with flux functions involving discontinuous coefficients. In order to deal with it, the special Cauchy initial data are taken and the interactions of stationary wave discontinuities with shock waves and rarefaction waves are considered in detail. The global solutions of this special Cauchy problem are constructed completely when the bifurcation phenomena appear in their solutions.     

二维拟定常可压流Euler方程组的简单波

简单波是这样的流动,它在像空间中的像是一条曲线．“简单波理论是除基本流动结构以外构造流动问题的解的基础”,见Courant和Friedrichs的经典著作《超声速流与冲击波》．该文主要研究二维拟定常可压流Euler方程组的简单波的几何结构.根据这些几何诠释,还构造了绕一拟流线弯曲部的疏散和压缩的简单波流动结构．这种流动结构将作为一个局部流动结构出现在4个接触间断的Riemann问题的整体解中．     

Wave interactions for a nonlinear degenerate wave equations

This paper is concerned with the interactions of the elementary waves for the nonlinear degenerate wave equations. By analyzing the expressions of the elementary waves and the relative locations of the left state U _l and the right state U _r in the phase plane (u, v) we deal with the interactions of the elementary waves, especially the overtaking of shock wave and rarefaction wave from the same family.